第08講動詞不定式掌握動詞不定式構成及用法。【典例】考點1：動詞不定式作主語1．It’simportantforus________abalanceddietwhichcanhelpuskeepfit.A．nottohave B．nothaving C．tohave D．having【答案】C【詳解】句意：對我們來說，有一個平衡的飲食是很重要的，它可以幫助我們保持健康。考查非謂語動詞。Itis+形容詞+forsbtodosth“對某人來說做某事是……的”，為it固定句型，故選C。2．Theelephantwastoobig.Itwashardforpeople________it.A．weigh B．weight C．toweigh D．weighing【答案】C【詳解】句意：大象太大了。人們很難稱它的重量。考查非謂語動詞。weigh動詞，“稱重量”；toweigh不定式形式；weighing現在分詞形式；weight名詞，“體重”；根據“Itwashardforpeople...”可知考查“Itis+形容詞forsb.todosth.”，故選C。考點2：動詞不定式作賓語1．—I’msorry,MissGreen.Ileftmymathbookathome.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleasedon’tforget________itheretomorrow.A．taking B．totake C．bringing D．tobring【答案】D【詳解】句意：——格林老師，我很抱歉。我把數學書落在家里了。——沒關系。請別忘了明天把它帶來。考查非謂語動詞和動詞辨析。bring帶來；take拿走。根據語境可知老師讓學生把家里的書明天帶來，應用bring，排除AB選項；forgettodosth忘記做某事（未做），forgetdoingsth忘記做某事（已做）。根據“Pleasedon’tforget...itheretomorrow.”可知事情還未做，故選D。2．James,I’mtired.Let’sstop________arest.A．having B．have C．tohaving D．tohave【答案】D【詳解】句意：詹姆斯，我累了。讓我們停下來休息一下。考查動詞不定式的用法。stoptodosth.“停下來一件事去做另一件事情”，根據“James,I’mtired.”可知，我很累需要休息，是停下正在做的事情去休息。故選D。3．Hefound________verydifficult________greatprogress.A．it’s;make B．that;tomake C．it’s;making D．it;tomake【答案】D【詳解】句意：他發現取得很大的進步是很困難的。考查代詞及非謂語用法。本句考查句式：findit+adj.+todosth.“發現做某事是怎么樣的”，it作形式賓語，todosth.作真正的賓語；可用賓語從句轉化為find(that)itis+adj.+todosth.，本句主句是一般過去時，從句is應改為was，選項中it’s=itis，排除A、C選項。故選D。考點3：動詞不定式作賓語補足語1．Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger,wewarnparents________themathomealone.A．leave B．toleave C．notleave D．nottoleave【答案】D【詳解】句意：為了讓孩子遠離危險，我們警告父母不要把他們單獨留在家里。考查非謂語動詞。warnsb(not)todosth“警告某人（不要）做某事”，為固定短語，根據語境可知不要把孩子單獨留在家里。故選D。2．Ithadrainedfornearlytwoweeksbyyesterday,anditmademe________outthesedays,soIfeltverybored.A．don’tgo B．didn’tgo C．nottogo D．notgo【答案】D【詳解】句意：到昨天為止，已經下了將近兩個星期的雨了，這讓我這些天都沒有出去，所以我感到很無聊。考查非謂語。makesbdosth“讓某人做某事”，其否定形式為makesbnotdosth。故選D。考點4：動詞不定式作目的狀語1．Theboywenttothehospital________afterhismother.A．looked B．look C．tolook D．looking【答案】C【詳解】句意：這個男孩去醫院照顧他的母親。考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，男孩去醫院是為了照顧他的母親，此處使用todo不定式表目的。故選C。2．—Jane,I’mverythirsty.—Let’sgotothenearestsupermarket________somedrinks.A．tobuying B．buying C．tobuy【答案】C【詳解】句意：——Jane，我非常渴。——讓我們去附近超市去買一些喝的吧。考查非謂語動詞。根據分析句子結構可知，這里用非謂語todo表示目的，表示“為了……”。故選C。考點5：疑問詞+動詞不定式1．Themathsproblemissohard.Ireallydon’tknow________.A．howtodoit B．howtodo C．whattodoit D．whatdoit【答案】A【詳解】句意：這個數學問題好難，我真的不知道該怎么辦。考查特殊疑問詞和動詞不定式。根據句意可知此處“不知該怎么辦”應用疑問詞how，how接動詞不定式todo，后需接賓語it，不可省略。故選A。2．Theteachertolduswhen________ourhomework.A．finish B．tofinish C．finished D．willfinish【答案】B【詳解】句意：老師告訴我們什么時候完成作業。考查疑問詞加動詞不定式。根據“when…ourhomework.”可知此處用特殊疑問詞加動詞不定式作us的補足語。故選B。考點6：動詞不定式作結果狀語1．—Mygrandparentsaretooold__________.—Yes,buttheyshouldoftenhaveawalk.A．towork B．works C．work D．working【答案】A【詳解】句意：——我的祖父母太老了，不能工作了。——是的，但是他們應該經常散步。考查非謂語動詞。too+形容詞+to+動詞原形，表示“太……而不能做某事”，故選A。2．—Theladyisnotstrongenough__________theheavybasket.—Let’shelpher.A．tocarry B．carrying C．carry D．carried【答案】A【詳解】句意：——這位女士不夠強壯，拿不動這個沉重的籃子。——讓我們幫她吧。考查非謂語動詞。be(not)adj.enoughtodosth.“（不）足夠……做某事”，應用動詞不定式作狀語。故選A。1．（2022·廣西桂林·統考中考真題）Theyareworkinghard________tigers.A．saved B．save C．tosave2．（2022·江蘇南通·統考中考真題）Weshouldhaveahealthydiet,properexerciseandenoughsleep________fit.A．keeping B．tokeep C．keep D．kept3．（2022·西藏·統考中考真題）It’simportantforthedisabled________theabilitytomakealiving.A．tohave B．have C．having D．has4．（2022·廣西百色·中考真題）Ourteacheroftentellsus_________acrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightisred.A．go B．going C．don’tgo D．nottogo5．（2022·廣西貴港·統考中考真題）—Amy,don’tforget________yourmask(口罩)whenyougoout.—Don’tworry,mom.Iwill.A．wear B．wears C．towear D．wearing6．（2022·江蘇宿遷·統考中考真題）—MissLi,canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills?—Certainly.Iadviseyou________adiaryinEnglisheveryday.A．tokeep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps7．（2022·江蘇連云港·統考中考真題）Kitty,thesebooksare________heavyforyou________carry.Letmehelpyou.A．as…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that8．（2022·重慶·統考中考真題）Thenewyeariscoming.Teachersencourageus________newhobbies.A．develop B．developing C．todevelop D．developed9．（2021·西藏·統考中考真題）It’sverykind________you________otherswhenthey’reinneed.A．for;tohelp B．of;tohelp C．for;helping D．of;helping10．（2021·西藏·統考中考真題）Hiscousinisahumorousman.Hemakesus________allthetime.A．laughs B．laughing C．tolaugh D．laugh11．（2021·江蘇南通·統考中考真題）Thecommunityworkerispatientenough________totheoldhowtouseHealthCode(碼).A．explain B．explains C．toexplain D．explaining12．（2021·湖北鄂州·統考中考真題）—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Hetoldus________intheriver.A．swim B．swimming C．nottoswim D．notswim13．（2021·江蘇常州·統考中考真題）—MyfamilywillgoonatriptoBeijingthissummer,butwehaven’tdecided________.—Whynottakethehigh-speedrailway?A．whentoleave B．howtogetthere C．whichhoteltochoose D．howlongtostaythere14．（2021·重慶·統考中考真題）Thevillagersplan________anewbridgeovertheriver.A．build B．building C．tobuild D．built15．（2022·遼寧大連·統考中考真題）Ihope________inmyhometownafterIfinishschool.A．work B．works C．working D．towork一、單項選擇1．Sue’sfathertoldher________wastefood.A．notto B．don’t C．tonot D．not2．Theyalluseblackpens________articles.Butweusecomputers.A．write B．towrite C．writing D．writes3．________youreyes,youshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonyourphone.A．Protecting B．Tocheck C．Toprotect D．Checking4．Myparentswenttothemarket________somefruitandvegetablesjustnow.A．buy B．bought C．buying D．tobuy5．Helenvolunteered__________awelcomepartyforherfriendlastweek.A．have B．tohave C．having D．had6．Linglingoffered______BettytoLaoSheTeahouse.A．take B．totake C．taking D．took7．It’sreallyimportant________Englishwell.A．learn B．learns C．tolearn8．Thelittleboyis________short________reachtheappleonthetree.A．so;that B．such;that C．enough;to D．too;to9．Mostexpertsthinkitisveryimportantforchildrentolearn_________thehousework.A．whatdo B．whattodo C．howtodo D．howdo10．It’snoteasyformanypeople_________thepromises.A．keeping B．tokeep C．keep D．kept11．—Simon,Ihearyouaregoingabroadforfurtherstudy.Haveyoudecided________?—Notyet.MaybenextSeptember.A．wheretogo B．whentogo C．whotogowith D．howtogo12．Ourteacherencouragesus________partindifferentkindsofafter-classactivities.A．totake B．taking C．take13．Intheolddays,theymadethechildren________12hoursaday.A．work B．worked C．working D．towork14．—Whydidyougetupsoearly?Youdidn’tgetupuntil9a.m.before.—________thefirstbus.A．Catch B．Catching C．Tocatch D．Caught15．Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan________others.A．help B．helping C．helps D．tohelp二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空1．Wecanmakeplans_________(visit)sickkidsinthehospital.2．Heseems________(be)madatus.3．Youneed________(bring)