DIABETESInsulin:TheKeytoTurningFoodintoEnergy

Ⅰ、DefinitionandTypesⅡ、SignsandsymptomsⅢ、DiagnosisandTreatmentcatalogWhatIsDiabetes※achronicmetabolicdisease※insufficientinsulin※hyperglycemiaDefinitionⅢ、DiagnosisandTreatmentneuropathytachycardiacomplicationshavinghypertensionorheartdiseaseOralMedicationsnephropathybeingoverweightGlimepirideUseofalcoholabsenceofinsulinUseofalcoholSulfonylureasBiguanidesbeingamemberofahigh-riskgroupType1

diabetesType2

diabetesGestationaldiabetesOthertypesTypesofdiabetesTypesⅡ、Signsandsymptoms1accompaniedwithsymptomsSulfonylureascomplicationsDifferencesbetweentype1andtype2SulfonylureasThiazolidinedionesinsufficientinsulinⅡ、Signsandsymptomslifedependsoninsulin.beingoverweightSulfonylureasⅡ、Signsandsymptomsobesity(applefigure)TimeofCheckⅠ、DefinitionandTypesⅡ、SignsandsymptomsⅢ、DiagnosisandTreatmentcatalogRiskfactorsfordevelopingdiabetes

beingage45oroverbeingoverweightbeingamemberofahigh-riskgrouphavingcloserelativeswithdiabeteshavinggivenbirthtoababythatweighedover4kgbirth,orhavehadgestationaldiabeteshavinghighcholesterolorotherfatsinthebloodhavinghypertensionorheartdisease

Ⅱ、SignsandsymptomsAbsenceofinsulinHighPlsamaglucoseProteincatabolismLipolysisincreasePolydipsiaPolyuriapolyphgiaketonemiaosmoticdiuresisWeightlossFFAAugmentⅡ、SignsandsymptomspathophysiologyAbouttype1diabetesautoimmunediseasepresenceofantibodiesconnectedwithvirusesandenvironmentaltoxinsabsenceofinsulinlifedependsoninsulin.LADA(LatentAutoimmuneDiabetesinAdults)Ⅱ、SignsandsymptomsinsufficientinsulinInsulinresistance/hyperinsulinemiaXSyndrome

Ⅱ、Signsandsymptomsinsulinresistancehyperlipidimiahypertensionobesity(applefigure)coronaryheartdiseaseAboutType2diabetes

insufficientinsulinInsulinresistance/hyperinsulinemiaXSyndrome

Ⅱ、SignsandsymptomsAboutType2diabetes

WesternlifestyleUseofalcoholSmokingSedentarywaysGainingmorethannormalweightEatingfewerthanthreemealsadayAdiethighinfatDifferencesbetweentype1andtype2feature

Type1Type2InsulinproductionabsentnormalorabnormalAgeatonsetusuallybefore40

ifafter40usuallyslowonsetusuallyafter40,althoughincreasinginyoungerpeoplePhysicalappearanceoftenthinoftenoverweight,especiallyapplefigureSymptomssuddenonset:greaterthirst,urination,hunger,weightloss,

blurredvision,infectionsgradual,subtleonsetofsimilarsymptomsTreatmentinsulin,diet,exercisediet,exercise,

oralagentsand/orinsulin

DiabetescomplicationsAcutedecompensationchroniccomplicationsMacrovasculardiseasenervedamage

microvasculardiseasefootdisease

ketoacidosisHyperosmolarcomainfectionnephropathyretinopathyneuropathyMotorneuropathy

Sensoryneuropathy

Bladderneuropathy

Autonomicneuropathy

DiarrheaorConstipation

Gastroparesis

tachycardiaPosturalhypotension

Impotence

Ⅰ、DefinitionandTypesⅡ、SignsandsymptomsⅢ、DiagnosisandTreatmentcataloginsufficientinsulin[stimulatingthepancreasproducemoreinsulin]ThiazolidinedionesBiguanidesGainingmorethannormalweightAbouttype1diabetesglibenclamidediet,exercise,

oralagentsand/orinsulintachycardiaHyperosmolarMacrovascularconnectedwithvirusesandenvironmentaltoxinsⅡ、SignsandsymptomsOralMedications[stimulatingthepancreasproducemoreinsulin]TimeofCheckPlasmabloodglucoseRange(mmol/l)diagnoseradom≥11.1accompaniedwithsymptomsdiabetesFasting≥7.0Diabetes≥6.1and＜7.0IFG＜6.0normaloralglucosetolerancetest≥11.1Diabetes≥7.8and＜11.1IGT＜7.8normalDiagnoseofdiabetes

DiabetestreatedEducationMealplanningExerciseMedicationGlimepirideinsulinresistanceOralMedicationsglibenclamideUseofalcoholhavingcloserelativeswithdiabetesRange(mmol/l)SulfonylureasneuropathyneuropathytachycardiaⅡ、SignsandsymptomsⅡ、SignsandsymptomsinsufficientinsulinⅢ、DiagnosisandTreatmentOralMedicationsSulfonylureasAlpha-GlucosidaseInhibitorsBiguanides

Thiazolidinediones

SulfonylureasOralMedicationstolbutamideglipizidegliquidonegliclazideglibenclamideGlimepiride

[stimulatingthepancreasproducemoreinsulin]OralMedicationsSulfonylureasBiguanide

[shutingofftheliver'sexcessglucoseproduction,possiblycontributingtominorweightloss]Metformin

OralMedicationsSulfonylureasAlpha-GlucosidaseInhibitors

[delayingtheabsor