大余縣普通高中2024-2025下學期期中考試高二英語試卷（測試時間：100分鐘滿分：120分）第一部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHaveyouheardofthefollowingpeople?Maybeyes,maybeno.Buttheymaybeaninspirationforyou.TheTreeLadyKateSessionswasanAmericanbotanistandlandscapearchitectcloselyassociatedwithSanDiego,California.AfterbecomingthefirstwomantograduatefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,shetookajobasateacherfarsouthinthedrydeserttownofSanDiego.KatedecidedthatSanDiegoneededtreesmorethananythingelse.Therefore,thisyoungwomansingle-handedlystartedamovementtransformingthetownintotheleafy,garden-filledplaceasitistoday.TheSnowflake(雪花)ManWilsonBentleyisoneofthefirstknownphotographersofsnowflakes.Hisenthusiasmfortakingphotosbeganfromhisboyhoodandwasoftenmisunderstoodinhistime,buthisdeterminationrevealedtwoimportanttruths:notwosnowflakesarealike;andeachissurprisinglybeautiful.In1931,heworkedwithWilliamJ.HumphreysoftheU.S.WeatherBureautopublishSnowCrystals,abookcontaining2500photographs.TheFatherofHisCountryBythelate1760s,GeorgeWashingtonhadexperiencedfirsthandtheeffectsofrisingtaxesimposed(征收)onAmericancolonistsbytheBritish,andcametobelievethatitwasinthebestinterestsofthecoloniststodeclareindependencefromEngland.DuringtheAmericanWarofIndependence,heledthecolonialforcestovictory.In1878,hewaselectedpresidentoftheConventionthatwrotetheU.S.Constitution.Twoyearslater,WashingtonbecameAmerican’sfirstpresident.Hisretirementfromofficeaftertwotermsestablishedatraditionthatlasteduntil1940,whenFranklinDelanoRooseveltwonathirdterm.The22ndAmendment(1951)nowlimitsthepresidenttotwoelectedterms.1.Whomadeagreatcontributiontobeautifyinganarea?A.GeorgeWashington. B.WilsonBentleyC.KateSessions D.WilliamJ.Humphreys2.WhatisWilsonBentleyfamousfor?A.Hiscreativeideastopublishbooks.B.HispersistenceinphotographingsnowflakesC.HiscouragetofightagainstprejudiceD.Hisdevotiontoteachingkidsscientifictruths.3.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutGeorgeWashington?A.Hewasanationalhero.B.Hewasbornintoapoorfamily.C.HebecameAmerica’spresidentin1787.D.HeservedthreetermsasthePresidentofAmerica.BJosephBankswasbornon13February1743inLondon．Hispassionforbotanybeganatschool．From1760to1763hestudiedatOxfordUniversity,duringwhichtimehereceivedagreatdealoffortune．In1766BankstraveledtoNewfoundlandandLabrador,collectingplantandotherspecimens（標本）．ThesameyearhewaselectedafellowoftheRoyalSociety．In1768hejoinedtheSociety'sexpedition,ledbyCaptainJamesCook,toexploretheunchartedlandsoftheSouthPacific．Theexpeditioncircumnavigated（環航）theglobeandvisitedSouthAmerica,Tahiti,NewZealand,AustraliaandJava．Bankscollectedagreatnumberofspecimensonthewayand,onhisreturn,hisscientificaccountofthevoyageanditsdiscoveriessparkedconsiderableinterestacrossEurope．Bankswasinterestedinplantsthatcouldbeusedforpracticalpurposesandbeintroducedintoothercountriesforpossiblecommercialuse．AfterhebecamepresidentoftheRoyalSocietyin1778,hepromotedthecareerofmanyscientistsandinhiscapacityasdirectoroftheRoyalBotanicGardensatKew,sentmanybotanistsabroadtofindnewplantsandextendtheGardens'collection．In1781Bankswasmadeabaronet（準男爵）,andin1795receivedtheorderofKnightCommanderoftheBath;twoyearslaterhewasadmittedtothePrivyCouncil（樞密院）．In1793hisnamewasgiventotheBanksIslands,avolcanicgroupofislandsnearVanuatuinthePacific．ThesewereexploredandnamedbyCaptainBligh-BankshadhelpedarrangeapreviousexpeditionofBligh's．Banksdiedon19June1820．4.PleasechoosethecorrectorderaboutwhathappenedtoJoseBanks．a．HereceivedtheorderofKnightCommanderoftheBath．b．Hesentmanybotanistsabroadtofindnewplants．c．HejoinedtheSociety'sexpedition．d．HeelectedafellowoftheRoyalSociety．A.c,d,a,b B.d,c,b,a C.d,b,c,a D.c,d,b,a5Theunderlinedword"sparked"inParagraph2probablymeans_______________．A.showed B.amused C.caused D.declared6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJosephBanks?A.Adventurous． B.Humorous． C.Demanding． D.Skeptical．7.WhywashisnamegiventotheBanksIslandsin1793?A.Becausehevisitedtheislands．B.BecausehewasadmittedtothePrivyCouncil．C.BecausehehadcloserelationshipwithCaptainBligh．D.BecausehehadhelpedarrangeapreviousexpeditionofBligh's．C（2022年全國乙卷）In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”8.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool. B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook. D.Todosightseeing.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships.10.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn. B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies. D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.11.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview. C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.D“Let’sgotograndpa’sroomandseeifitstillsmellsfunny,”saidTommy.“Lasttimeitsmelledlikecheese...”repliedLil.Suretheselinesfrom“Rugrats”,acartoonseniesthatairedinthe1990s,weremeanttobefunny.Buttheyalsomayhaveabasisinreallife,relatingtothewidelyheldviewthattheelderlysendoutaparticularandeasilyrecognizablebodyodor(氣味).Thesmellhasbeendescribedasunpleasant,orsimply“oldperson”.Inonestudy,Japaneseresearcherstracedtheodortoachemicalcompound(化合物)called2-nonenal.Thecompoundisabyproductofotherchemicalbreakdownsandsendsouta“greasy”or“grassy”odorasthemolecules(分子)exittheskinandarereleasedintotheair.Researchersdiscoveredthat2-nonenalwastheonlyodorcompoundwhosepresencebecamestrongerwithage.Inthestudyinwhich22peopleagedbetween26and75wereaskedtowearodor-collectingshirtstobed,researchersanalyzedmoleculesthatstucktothecloth.Theamountof2-nonenalwasthreetimesasmuchintheoldestsubjectsasitwasinthemiddle-agedgroup.Theyoungestmembersofthestudyproducedtheleastamountof2-nonenal.Researchersassumetheincreasein2-nonenalmayhavealottodowiththebreakdownofomega-7unsaturatedfattyacids(不飽和脂肪酸),becausethesemoleculeswerealsopresentintheshirtswornbythestudy’soldestsubjects.Althoughthebiologicalpurposebehind“oldperson”smellisstillunclear,someresearchersbelieveit’sconnectedtoabuilt-inage-detectingfeaturepossessedbyhumansandanimals.Forinstance,someanimalscandistinguishbetweenolderandyoungeranimalsbysmellalone,andsomeanimalsaredriventomatewitholderanimals.It’spossiblethatthecapabilitytotellthesmellofolderanimalsmeantthatlong-termsurvivorswererevealedandthesesurvivorshadagenetic(基因的)advantagethatboostedtheirchancesofsurvival.Intruth,thescentcalled“oldperson”smellcouldbeanadvertisementforbettergeneticquality.Itgivesawholenewmeaningtotheterm“silverfox”.12.WhydoestheauthorusethelinesfromRugrats?A.Toamusereaders. B.Tointroducetheissue.C.TorecommendaTVseries. D.Toanalyzeaphenomenon.13.WhatdidtheJapaneseresearchersfindinthestudy?A.2-nonenalisontherisewithage.B.Omega-7givesouta“greasy”or“grassy”odor.C.Theyoungestsubjectsproducethemostamountof2-nonenal.D.Therisein2-nonenalhaslittletodowiththebreakdownofomega-7.14.Whatisthenewmeaninggiventotheterm“silverfox”?A.Oldandsmelly. B.Greasyandgrassy.C.Betterandadvantageous. D.Cleverandknowledgeable.15.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toadvocaterespectingtheelderly.B.Toexplainthecausesofoldpeople’sbodyodor.C.Toprovetheadvantagesof“oldperson”smell.D.Toclarifythebiologicalpurposebehind“oldperson”smell.第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ThesecretpowersoftimeDoyouthinkaboutthepast?____16____Ordoyouworryaboutthefuture?ProfessorPhilipZimbardodescribesthreetypes(類型)ofpeople.●Pasttypes.Yousometimesmiss“thegoodolddays”.___17___.YouworryaboutmakingchangesornewthingstryingYouspendalotoftimewithyourfamily.●Presenttypes.____18____.Youlikedoingfunthingswithfunpeople.Youdon’thaveahealthylifestyle(生活方式).Youavoiddoingdifficultorboringthings.●____19____.Youspendmostofyourtimeworking,savingandplanningforabetterfuture.Youeatwellandexerciseregularly.Youdon’tmindwaitingforthegoodthingsinlife.____20____.Buttheyoftendon’tenjoytheirfreetimebecausetheyarebusythinkingaboutthenextthings.AccordingtoZimbardo’sresearch,everybodyissometimestheothertypes.However,weshouldtrytohaveanequalbalanceofallthreetobehappyandsuccessful.A.FuturetypesB.DidyoumakefriendsC.DoyouenjoythepresenttimeDYouenjoyrememberingyourpastE.ManypeopledreamedtobeteachersF.ThemostimportantthingistofeelgoodatpresentG.Futurepeopleareusuallymoresuccessfulinwork第二部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Turning50ischallengingenough.But___21___ajobat50intheworldofadvertising,well,thatwasreally___22___.Forme,itwasn’tjustajob.Itwastheendingofa25-yearcareer.___23___Ifoundapart-timejobofcreatingadvertisementsforsomeofthebiggestcompaniesinAmerica.Inthefirm,Ihadteamsofpeopletoworkwith.Inmynewlife,itwasjustMe,MyselfandI.Andallthreeofuswere___24___bythetimeandthe___25___thatitwastoolatetostartover.AgainandagainI’m___26___oftheimportanceoflearning,experiencingandgrowing.Iwastiredbuthappy.OnedayIcamehomefromawalktofindalotofreddragonflies,___27___nearourhouse.Tomy___28___,theystayedforfourhoursthefirstday.Andcamebackthreemoredays.Butwhy?I___29___foranswers.Dragonfliesareborninthewaterand_____30_____mostoftheirlivescrawlingaroundthebottomofapondinalarvae-like(幼蟲狀)stateuptofouryears.Then,oneday,thedragonflycrawlsupontoaleaforstem,andoutintothe_____31_____.Andthat’swhenherwingsmagicallyopen.Suddenly,Igotit.I’madragonfly.AndI’mflying_____32_____inlife,too.AndallthatsadnessandworriesI’vebeen_____33_____haveactuallybeengrowingmywings.Inowhavethehonourofspeakingtoallwomen,sharingmy_____34_____art,myheartandthe_____35_____that“it’snevertoolatetofly”.21.A.getting B.losing C.finding D.leading22.A.dangerous B.content C.curious D.active23.A.Usually B.Luckily C.Humorously D.Slightly24.A.forced B.forgotten C.surrounded D.impressed25.A.delight B.emotion C.fear D.hesitation26.A.consulted B.reminded C.informed D.admitted27.A.flying B.living C.sleeping D.working28.A.satisfaction B.sorrow C.amazement D.fright29.A.asked B.surfed C.applied D.stood30.A.spend B.stop C.waste D.pass31.A.ground B.space C.basement D.sunlight32.A.later B.early C.fast D.slowly33.A.goingover B.goingby C.goingthrough D.goingfor34.A.creative B.boring C.national D.brave35.A.story B.message C.secret D.trick第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for____36____(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，____37____sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave____38____(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene____39____(declare)shehadnoplanstoretire(退休)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid，“Idon'tseeanyreason____40____(give)upwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI____41____(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,____42____becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks，31--whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness--saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid，“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall____43____(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas____44____joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's_____45_____(wonder).”第三部分寫作（共兩節，滿分40分）第一節應用文寫作（滿分15分）46.假如你是李華。最近你市電子科技博物館正在征集我國古代科學家的英文簡介，請你寫一篇英語短文介紹我國古代科學家郭守敬，內容包括：1.基本信息：我國古代著名天文學家、數學家和工程師；出生于現在的河北邢臺；生于1231年，卒于1316年。2.主要成就及發明：負責修建大都至通州運河；制訂《授時歷》，通行360多年，是當時世界上最先進的一種歷法；著有十四種天文歷法著作。注意：1.詞數80左右;2.可以適當增加細節，以使內容充實、行文連貫參考詞匯：運河canal;《授時歷》ShoushiCalendar；天文歷法astronomicalcalendar____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節讀后續寫（滿分25分）47.閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。“Littleboy,willyouhelpanoldmanupthehillwithhisload?”Thesewordswerespokenbyanoldgray-headedman,whowasdrawingahand-cartwithabagofcorninit.“Ican’t.Iaminahurry,”saidHanson,theboyaddressed,whowashurryingtogettotheschoolyard,sothathemightplaywiththeboysbeforeschoolbegan.Theoldmansatdownonastoneatthefootofthehill,toresthimselfandgatherstrengthfortheascent(上坡).HestaredafterHanson,andsighedashethoughtofthedaysofhisyouth,nowfarbackinthepast.Atearwasbeginningtogatherinhiseye,whenanotherlittleboy,JohnWilson,cameuptohimandsaid,“ShallIhelpyouupthehillwithyourload?”Theoldmanbrushedhiseyeswiththesleeveofhiscoat,andreplied,“Ishallbeverygladtohaveyourhelp.”Hethenstoodup,tookthehandleofhiscart,andpulledwithallhisstrength,whileJohnpushedbehind.Whentheyreachedthetopofthehill,Johndiscoveredaholeinthebagontheunderside,fromwhichthecornwasdroppingout.Puttingforthallhisstrength,heturnedthebag,sothattheremightbenofurtherlossofcorn.“Thankyouverymuch,”saidtheoldman,asJohnsetoutuponarunforhisschool-house;“andmayGodrewardyou.”ButJohnwasoutofhearingbeforethelastwordswerespoken.WhenJohnreachedtheschool-house,hewasabouttenminuteslate,forwhichhereceivedamark(違紀記錄).Thiswasaveryunusualthingforhim,ashewasremarkableforneverbeinglate.Ifhehadtoldtheheadmasterwhathaddelayedhim,hewouldhavebeenexcused;buthethoughtitwouldlookalittlelikeboastingtodoso.Sohetookthemarkwithoutsayingaword.注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。Paragraph1:Whentheschoolwasover,HansonapproachedJohn.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Thenextmorning,Johnsetoutearlyfortheschool-houseasusual.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

大余縣普通高中2024-2025下學期期中考試高二英語試卷（測試時間：100分鐘滿分：120分）第一部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHaveyouheardofthefollowingpeople?Maybeyes,maybeno.Buttheymaybeaninspirationforyou.TheTreeLadyKateSessionswasanAmericanbotanistandlandscapearchitectcloselyassociatedwithSanDiego,California.AfterbecomingthefirstwomantograduatefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,shetookajobasateacherfarsouthinthedrydeserttownofSanDiego.KatedecidedthatSanDiegoneededtreesmorethananythingelse.Therefore,thisyoungwomansingle-handedlystartedamovementtransformingthetownintotheleafy,garden-filledplaceasitistoday.TheSnowflake(雪花)ManWilsonBentleyisoneofthefirstknownphotographersofsnowflakes.Hisenthusiasmfortakingphotosbeganfromhisboyhoodandwasoftenmisunderstoodinhistime,buthisdeterminationrevealedtwoimportanttruths:notwosnowflakesarealike;andeachissurprisinglybeautiful.In1931,heworkedwithWilliamJ.HumphreysoftheU.S.WeatherBureautopublishSnowCrystals,abookcontaining2500photographs.TheFatherofHisCountryBythelate1760s,GeorgeWashingtonhadexperiencedfirsthandtheeffectsofrisingtaxesimposed(征收)onAmericancolonistsbytheBritish,andcametobelievethatitwasinthebestinterestsofthecoloniststodeclareindependencefromEngland.DuringtheAmericanWarofIndependence,heledthecolonialforcestovictory.In1878,hewaselectedpresidentoftheConventionthatwrotetheU.S.Constitution.Twoyearslater,WashingtonbecameAmerican’sfirstpresident.Hisretirementfromofficeaftertwotermsestablishedatraditionthatlasteduntil1940,whenFranklinDelanoRooseveltwonathirdterm.The22ndAmendment(1951)nowlimitsthepresidenttotwoelectedterms.1.Whomadeagreatcontributiontobeautifyinganarea?A.GeorgeWashington. B.WilsonBentleyC.KateSessions D.WilliamJ.Humphreys2.WhatisWilsonBentleyfamousfor?A.Hiscreativeideastopublishbooks.B.HispersistenceinphotographingsnowflakesC.HiscouragetofightagainstprejudiceD.Hisdevotiontoteachingkidsscientifictruths.3.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutGeorgeWashington?A.Hewasanationalhero.B.Hewasbornintoapoorfamily.C.HebecameAmerica’spresidentin1787.D.HeservedthreetermsasthePresidentofAmerica.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了三位鼓舞人心的名人。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中的thisyoungwomansingle-handedlystartedamovementtransformingthetownintotheleafy,garden-filledplaceasitistoday.可知，KateSessions在將圣地亞哥的一個荒漠小鎮變成宜人的地方方面做出了巨大貢獻。故選C。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段內容尤其是WilsonBentleyisoneofthefirstknownphotographersofsnowflakes.Hisenthusiasmfortakingphotosbeganfromhisboyhoodandwasoftenmisunderstoodinhistime,buthisdeterminationrevealedtwoimportanttruths:notwosnowflakes---，可知，WilsonBentley以堅持拍攝雪花而出名。故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“---cametobelievethatitwasinthebestinterestsofthecoloniststodeclareindependencefromEngland.DuringtheAmericanWarofIndependence,heledthecolonialforcestovictory.”可知，他開始意識到宣布從英國獨立對殖民地定居者最有利。美國獨立戰爭期間，他帶領殖民地的武裝力量獲得了勝利，即美國獲得了獨立，由此可推知，他是美國的民族英雄。故選A。【點睛】做推理判斷題時，要善于抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息，即某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。本題第4小題，屬于正面推理，根據第四段中的“---cametobelievethatitwasinthebestinterestsofthecoloniststodeclareindependencefromEngland.DuringtheAmericanWarofIndependence,heledthecolonialforcestovictory.”可知，他開始意識到宣布從英國獨立對殖民地定居者最有利。美國獨立戰爭期間，他帶領殖民地的武裝力量獲得了勝利，即美國獲得了獨立，由此可推知，他是美國的民族英雄。故選A。BJosephBankswasbornon13February1743inLondon．Hispassionforbotanybeganatschool．From1760to1763hestudiedatOxfordUniversity,duringwhichtimehereceivedagreatdealoffortune．In1766BankstraveledtoNewfoundlandandLabrador,collectingplantandotherspecimens（標本）．ThesameyearhewaselectedafellowoftheRoyalSociety．In1768hejoinedtheSociety'sexpedition,ledbyCaptainJamesCook,toexploretheunchartedlandsoftheSouthPacific．Theexpeditioncircumnavigated（環航）theglobeandvisitedSouthAmerica,Tahiti,NewZealand,AustraliaandJava．Bankscollectedagreatnumberofspecimensonthewayand,onhisreturn,hisscientificaccountofthevoyageanditsdiscoveriessparkedconsiderableinterestacrossEurope．Bankswasinterestedinplantsthatcouldbeusedforpracticalpurposesandbeintroducedintoothercountriesforpossiblecommercialuse．AfterhebecamepresidentoftheRoyalSocietyin1778,hepromotedthecareerofmanyscientistsandinhiscapacityasdirectoroftheRoyalBotanicGardensatKew,sentmanybotanistsabroadtofindnewplantsandextendtheGardens'collection．In1781Bankswasmadeabaronet（準男爵）,andin1795receivedtheorderofKnightCommanderoftheBath;twoyearslaterhewasadmittedtothePrivyCouncil（樞密院）．In1793hisnamewasgiventotheBanksIslands,avolcanicgroupofislandsnearVanuatuinthePacific．ThesewereexploredandnamedbyCaptainBligh-BankshadhelpedarrangeapreviousexpeditionofBligh's．Banksdiedon19June1820．4.PleasechoosethecorrectorderaboutwhathappenedtoJoseBanks．a．HereceivedtheorderofKnightCommanderoftheBath．b．Hesentmanybotanistsabroadtofindnewplants．c．HejoinedtheSociety'sexpedition．d．HeelectedafellowoftheRoyalSociety．A.c,d,a,b B.d,c,b,a C.d,b,c,a D.c,d,b,a5.Theunderlinedword"sparked"inParagraph2probablymeans_______________．A.showed B.amused C.caused D.declared6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJosephBanks?A.Adventurous． B.Humorous． C.Demanding． D.Skeptical．7.WhywashisnamegiventotheBanksIslandsin1793?A.Becausehevisitedtheislands．B.BecausehewasadmittedtothePrivyCouncil．C.BecausehehadcloserelationshipwithCaptainBligh．D.BecausehehadhelpedarrangeapreviousexpeditionofBligh's．【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章簡述了JosephBanks的生平事跡。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第一段“ThesameyearhewaselectedafellowoftheRoyalSociety．”（同年，他被選為皇家學會會員。），第二段“In1768hejoinedtheSociety'sexpedition,ledbyCaptainJamesCook,toexploretheunchartedlandsoftheSouthPacific．”（1768年，他加入了由詹姆斯·庫克船長率領的協會探險隊，去探索南太平洋未知的土地。），第三段“AfterhebecamepresidentoftheRoyalSocietyin1778,hepromotedthecareerofmanyscientistsandinhiscapacityasdirectoroftheRoyalBotanicGardensatKew,sentmanybotanistsabroadtofindnewplantsandextendtheGardens'collection．”（1778年他成為皇家學會主席后，他促進了許多科學家的事業發展。作為位于邱園的皇家植物園主任，他派遣了許多植物學家到國外尋找新植物并擴大花園的收藏。）以及最后一段“In1781Bankswasmadeabaronet（準男爵）,andin1795receivedtheorderofKnightCommanderoftheBath;twoyearslaterhewasadmittedtothePrivyCouncil（樞密院）．”（1781年班克斯被授予準男爵稱號，1795年被授予巴斯騎士司令勛章;兩年后，他被選入樞密院。）可知，關于JoseBanks的生平的順序是d→c→b→a。故選B項。【5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞前的“Theexpeditioncircumnavigated（環航）theglobeandvisitedSouthAmerica,Tahiti,NewZealand,AustraliaandJava．Bankscollectedagreatnumberofspecimensontheway”可知，探險隊環游全球，訪問了南美洲、塔希提島、新西蘭、澳大利亞和爪哇島。Banks在途中收集了大量標本，回國后他對本次航行以及科學的發現自然會“引起”整個歐洲的興趣。由此可知畫線詞詞義為“引起”，故選C項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“In1766BankstraveledtoNewfoundlandandLabrador,collectingplantandotherspecimens（標本）．”（1766年，Banks前往紐芬蘭和拉布拉多采集植物和其他標本。）以及第二段“In1768hejoinedtheSociety'sexpedition,ledbyCaptainJamesCook,toexploretheunchartedlandsoftheSouthPacific．Theexpeditioncircumnavigated（環航）theglobeandvisitedSouthAmerica,Tahiti,NewZealand,AustraliaandJava．Bankscollectedagreatnumberofspecimensonthewayand,onhisreturn,hisscientificaccountofthevoyageanditsdiscoveriessparkedconsiderableinterestacrossEurope．”（1768年，他加入了由詹姆斯·庫克船長率領的協會探險隊，探索南太平洋的未知之地。探險隊環游全球，訪問了南美洲、塔希提島、新西蘭、澳大利亞和爪哇島。Banks在途中收集了大量標本，回來后，他對這次航行及其發現的科學描述在整個歐洲引起了極大的興趣。）可知，JosephBanks極具探險精神。故選A項。【7題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章最后一段“In1793hisnamewasgiventotheBanksIslands,avolcanicgroupofislandsnearVanuatuinthePacific．ThesewereexploredandnamedbyCaptainBligh-BankshadhelpedarrangeapreviousexpeditionofBligh's．”（1793年，他的名字被命名為班克斯群島，這是太平洋瓦努阿圖附近的一個火山群，由布萊船長探索并命名，班克斯曾幫助安排布萊的探險隊。）可知，Banks曾幫助安排布萊的探險隊所以他的名字被命名為班克斯群島。故選D項。C（2022年全國乙卷）In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolh