項目三：識讀與繪制道路工程圖路橋22-3/4工程制圖與識圖0006任務31：識讀公路路線平面圖Project3：ReadingandDrawingRoadEngineeringFigureTask31：Readingroadplanefigure項目三：識讀與繪制道路工程圖Task31：Readingroadplanefigure任務31識讀公路路線平面圖Task32：Readingroadprofilediagram任務32識讀公路路線縱斷面圖Task33：Readingcrosssectionfigureofroadbed任務33識讀、繪制公路路基橫斷面圖Project3：ReadingandDrawingRoadEngineeringFigureTask31：Readingroadplanefigure

Roadline:thecenterlineoftheroadalongthelength,isaspatialcurve,includingplanebendingandverticalheightvariation.

道路路線：指道路沿長度方向的中心線,是一條空間曲線。（由平面彎曲與豎向高度變化組成）Todeterminethespecificpositionofspaceline,thesurveyanddesignworkarecarriedout.Lineselectionandalignmentmeanselectingthelineshapeoftheroadcenterlineplaneandlongitudinalplane.Inordertofacilitatetheanalysisanddesign,thehighwayisusuallydividedintothreeprojectorstostudy.

為了確定這條空間線的具體位置，要進行勘測設計工作，選線、定線就是選定道路中線平面及縱面的線形。為了便于具體分析和進行設計，通常將公路分成三個投影面來研究。

Theprojectionontheplaneiscalledtheplanefigure(planeprojection);Theelevationprojectionoftheroadmiddlelineiscalledtheprofilediagram(verticalprojection);Theprojectionontheelevationperpendiculartothecenterlineiscalledcrosssectionfigure(lateralprojection).

在平面上投影稱為公路平面圖（平面投影）；在平行路中線的立面上的投影稱為公路縱斷面圖（立面投影）；在垂直于路中線的立面上的投影稱為公路橫斷面圖（側面投影）。Theroadengineeringfigureincludesroadplanefigure,profilediagramandcrosssectionfigure.公路路線工程圖包括路線平面圖、路線縱斷面和路線橫斷面圖。

Task31：Readingroadplanefigure

Roadplanefigureisthetopographicmapwiththeroadmiddleline,whichreflecttheorientation,thelinetype(straightline,leftandrightcurve),theterrainonbothsidesoftheroadwithinacertainrange,themutualrelationshipbetweengroundobjectsandtheroute,andtheplanepositionofthestructure.

路線平面圖是繪有公路中線的地形圖，通過它可以反映出路線的方位、平面線型（直線和左右彎道)、沿線兩側一定范圍內的地形、地物與路線的相互關系以及結構物的平面位置。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureEffects作用:Presentingthe

roadorientationandlinetype;表示路線的方向、平面線型；Presentingthe

theterrainonbothsidesoftheroadwithinacertainrange.沿線兩側一定范圍內的地形、地物。

Characteristics圖示特點:Presentingthe

horizontalprojectionoftherouteandsurroundingarea;表達路線及周圍一定區域內的水平投影圖;Thecenterlineoftherouteisindicatedbyathicksolidline.用粗實線表示路線中心線。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureContentsofroadplanefigure路線平面圖的內容

Topographicpart:Thetopographicpartoftheroadplanefigureistheoriginaltopographicmap.

地形部分:路線平面圖中的地形部分也就是原始的地形圖。

Readingtopographicmapsismainlylearnthefollowinginformation:閱讀地形圖主要用于了解以下信息：Direction:Inordertoindicatethedirectionoftheareaandtheroute,anetworkofcoordinatesoranorthpointisdrawnonthetopographicmap.方位：為了表示地區的方位和路線的走向，地形圖上需要畫坐標網或指北針。Proportion:Inordertoclearlyrepresentthepattern,differentproportionsareoftenusedtodrawtopographicmapsaccordingtothedifferentterrainconditions.Ingeneral,1:2000isusedinmountainheavymoundsarea,and1:5000isusedinmicromoundsandplainareas.比例：為了清晰地表示圖樣，根據地形起伏情況的不同，往往采用不同的比例來繪制地形圖。一般在山嶺重丘地區采用1:2000，微丘和平原地區采用1:5000。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureTerrain:Thereliefoftheroutelocatedzoneisrepresentedbycontourlines.地形:路線所在地帶的地勢起伏情況是用等高線來表示。Surfacefeatures：Suchasrivers,farmland,houses,Bridges,railwaysandsoonarerepresentedbylegends.地物:如河流、農田、房屋、橋梁、鐵路等是用圖例來表示的。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureThisfigureexpressesthedirectionthroughthecoordinatenetworkandthenorthfinger.Thepointis5365.36metersnorthoftheoriginofthecoordinatesand4637.28meterseastofit.Thedirectionisnorthwest-southeast.Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadingtopographicpartofroadplanefigure本圖通過坐標網和指北針表達方位，該點距坐標原點北5365.36米,東4637.28米。本圖路線走向為西北-東南走向。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure閱讀路線平面圖中地形部分分析路線周圍地形AnalyzingtheterrainaroundtheroadTask31：ReadingroadplanefigureFindingthefollowingfeatures:rivers,houses,paddyfields,dryland找到以下地物：河流、民房、稻田、旱地Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureFindingthefollowingstructures:bridge,culvert,benchmark找到以下結構物：橋梁、涵洞、水準點Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureTask31：ReadingroadplanefigureExercise:Contentsofroadplanefigure路線平面圖的內容

Routepart:Theroutepartonlydrawsthecenterlineoftheroad,alsoknownasthecenterline,whichisgenerallyrepresentedbyaboldsolidlineinthefigure.Inordertobetterindicatethetechnicalindicatorsoftheroute,theyareoftenexpressedinthecorrespondingchart,whichtogetherconstitutetheroutepart.路線部分:路線平面圖中的路線部分只繪出道路中心線又稱中線，一般在圖中用加粗的粗實線表示。為了更好的表明路線的技術指標，往往會在途中用相應的圖表表達，他們共同構成了路線平面圖的路線部分。Readingtopographicmapsismainlylearnthefollowinginformation:閱讀路線圖主要用于了解以下信息：Direction:Connectionstoterrain,rivers,villages,theconditionofBridgesandculvertsalongtheway,variationsinthecurveoftheline.路線的走向：與地形、河流、村莊的聯系，路經的橋梁、涵洞的情況，線路的曲直變化。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureRoadmileageandkilometerspile公路的里程及公里樁Controlelevationpoint:thedistanceofpointfromthegeoid.控制標高水準點：該點距離大地水準面的距離。Parametersofthecurveline曲線段的參數Thelocationofstructuressuchasbridges,tunnelsandculverts.橋梁隧道涵洞等構造物的位置。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureTask31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureThestartingpilenumberisK1+400,andtheendingpilenumberisK2+100.Thelengthoftherouteonthispageis700meters.Combinedwiththedirectionofthenorthfinger,itcanbejudgedthatthedirectionoftherouteisnorthwesttosoutheast.本頁路線圖起始樁號K1+400，終止樁號K2+100，長度為700米，結合指北針方向可判斷本頁路線走向為西北往東南方向。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure閱讀公路路線圖路線部分Kilometerstakesareusuallymarkedontheleftsideoftheroute,andkilometernotesarewrittenabovethesymbol,suchas"K2"for2kmfromthestartingpoint.The100-meterpileisgenerallymarkedontherightsideoftheforwarddirectionoftheroute.Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureThepositionofthepileisindicatedbyathinshortlineperpendiculartotheroute,andthenumberofmetersisindicatedbyanArabicnumeralheadingtowardtheforwarddirection.Thenoteiswrittenattheendoftheshortline.Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigure公里樁一般標注注在路線前進方向的左側，公里數注寫在符號的上方，如“K2”表示離起點2公里。百米樁一般標注在路線前進方向的右側，用垂直于路線的細短線表示樁位，用字頭朝向前進方向的阿拉伯數字表示百米數,注寫在短線的端部。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure閱讀公路路線圖路線部分Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureItcanbeseenfromthedrawingthatthereisapointabout20metersbehindtherightofQZ(curvecenter)pointofthisroadsection.ThenumberisBM3,andtheelevationofthispointis381.975m.通過讀圖可以知道，在本段路線QZ（曲中）點右后方20米左右設置有一個公路水準點，編號為BM3，該點高程為381.975m。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure閱讀公路路線圖路線部分Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureItcanbeknownfromreadingthemapthatthereisamiddlebridge(K1+536meters,4span13metersofprefabricatedreinforcedconcretehollowplatebridge)and5culvertsonthispage.通過讀圖可以知道，本頁路線上設有中橋1座(K1+536米處，4跨13米裝配式鋼筋砼空心板橋)，涵洞5道。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure閱讀公路路線圖路線部分Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigure通過讀表可以知道，本段路線長度700米，設有一個交點JD3，方向為左轉，αz=73°46’03”，圓曲線半徑R150m，設有緩和曲線ls1=50m。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureItcanbeseenfromthetablethatthelengthofthisrouteis700meters,thereisanintersectionJD3,thedirectionisleft,αz=73°46'03",theradiusofthecirclecurveisR150m,andtherelaxationcurvels1=50m.Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureExercise:Conclusion小結Thepurposeofreadingtheroadplaneistoletthetechniciansandsurveyorsaccuratelyunderstandtheterrainaroundtheroute,theconditionofthegroundobjects,aswellasthespecificpositionsofthecornerpointsandtraversepoints.Thedatalistedinthetableisalsofortheconvenienceoftheconstructionpersonnel