鎖閉裝置LockingDevice天津鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院鐵路信號基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護鎖閉裝置（一）道岔的鎖閉方式道岔的鎖閉是把尖軌或可動心軌等可動部分固定在某個開通位置，當(dāng)列車通過時不受外力作用而改變。當(dāng)?shù)啦碛赊D(zhuǎn)轍機帶動轉(zhuǎn)換至某個特定位置后，通過本身所依附的鎖閉裝置，直接把尖軌與基本軌或心軌與翼軌密貼夾緊并固定，稱為道岔的外鎖閉。即道岔的鎖閉主要不是依靠轉(zhuǎn)轍機內(nèi)部的鎖閉裝置，而是依靠轉(zhuǎn)轍機外部的鎖閉裝置實現(xiàn)的。由于外鎖閉道岔的兩根尖軌之間沒有連接桿，在道岔轉(zhuǎn)換過程中，兩根尖軌是分別動作的，所以又稱為分動外鎖閉道岔。lockingdevice1.Thelockingmodeoftheturnout

Thelockingoftheturnoutistofixthemovablepartsuchasthetonguerailormovablefrograilinacertainopeningposition,whichwillnotbechangedbyexternalforcewhenthetrainpasses.Whentheturnoutisdrivenbytheswitchmachinetoaspecificposition,throughthelockingdeviceattachedtoitself,thetonguerailandthestockrailorthefrograilandthewingrailaredirectlyclampedandfixed,calledtheexternallockingoftheturnout.Inotherwords,thelockingofturnoutdoesnotdependontheinternallockingdeviceofswitchmachine,butontheexternallockingdeviceofswitchmachine.Sincethereisnoconnectingrodbetweenthetwopointedrailsoftheexternallockingturnout,thetwopointedrailsareoperatedseparatelyduringtheturnoutconversionprocess,soitisalsocalledsplitexternallockingturnout.（二）分動外鎖閉道岔的技術(shù)特征1.電務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)轍備及安裝裝置分別為ZDJ9型電動轉(zhuǎn)轍機和ZYJ7型電動電液轉(zhuǎn)轍機兩種類型。2.尖軌轉(zhuǎn)換采用分動方式，設(shè)兩個牽引點，以防尖軌反彈，改善工作尖軌與基本軌的密貼狀態(tài)。3.對ZDJ9型轉(zhuǎn)轍機，在尖軌第二牽引點的前部設(shè)置ELP319型密貼檢查器，對尖軌與基本軌的密貼進行檢測；ZYJ7型轉(zhuǎn)轍機由副機SH6進行檢測；。4.可動心軌部分也設(shè)置兩個牽引點。5.尖軌及可動心軌轉(zhuǎn)換均設(shè)鉤式外鎖閉裝置。6.對尖軌第二牽引點，ZDJ9型轉(zhuǎn)轍機由導(dǎo)管及T型拐裝置帶動；ZYJ7型轉(zhuǎn)轍機為副機SH6帶動。7.各類轉(zhuǎn)換桿件、密貼檢查器及外鎖閉裝置全部隱蔽在鋼岔枕內(nèi)，以滿足機械化作業(yè)的要求。鎖閉裝置2.Technicalcharacteristicsofsplit-actionexternallockingturnouts1.Theelectricserviceruttingpreparationandinstallationdevicearetwotypesofelectricswitchmachine,ZDJ9typeandZYJ7typeelectricelectro-hydraulicswitchmachinerespectively.2.Thetonguerailconversionadoptsthesplittingmethodandsetstwotractionpointstopreventthetonguerailfrombouncingbackandimprovetheclosenessoftheworkingtonguerailandthestockrail.3.ForZDJ9typeswitchmachine,ELP319typeclose-fittingcheckerissetatthefrontofthesecondtractionpointofthetonguerailtodetecttheclose-fittingofthetonguerailandthestockrail;ZYJ7typeswitchmachineisdetectedbythesubmachineSH6;.4.Movablefrograilpartalsosettwotractionpoints.5.Thetonguerailandmovablefrograilconversionaresetwithhooktypeexternallockingdevice.6.Forthesecondtractionpointofthetonguerail,ZDJ9typeswitchmachineisdrivenbytheconduitandT-turndevice;ZYJ7typeswitchmachineisdrivenbytheviceSH6.7.Allkindsofconversionrods,close-fittingcheckersandexternallockingdevicesareconcealedinthesteelturnoutsleeperstomeettherequirementsofmechanizedoperation.lockingdevice（三）鉤式外鎖閉裝置結(jié)構(gòu)鉤式外鎖閉裝置是目前應(yīng)用最為廣泛的外鎖閉裝置，分為分動尖軌和可動心軌用兩種。分動尖軌用鉤式外鎖閉裝置可動心軌用鉤式外鎖閉裝置結(jié)構(gòu)心軌一動外鎖閉裝置結(jié)構(gòu)心軌二動外鎖閉裝置結(jié)構(gòu)鎖閉裝置3.HooktypeexternallockingdevicestructureHookexternallockingdeviceiscurrentlythemostwidelyusedexternallockingdevice,dividedintotwokindsofsplit-tonguerailandmovablefrograilwith.Hook-typeexternallockingdeviceforsplit-tonguerailStructureofhooktypeexternallockingdeviceformovablefrograilStructureofthehearttrackadynamicexternallockingdeviceHearttracktwo-actionexternallockingdevicestructurelockingdevice（四）外鎖閉裝置安裝及調(diào)試1.安裝外鎖閉裝置及安裝裝置的安裝必須在工務(wù)道床水平、軌枕位置準確、軌距標準及尖軌、心軌宏觀密貼等相關(guān)部位達到安裝技術(shù)標準的條件下方可進行安裝鎖閉框和尖軌連接鐵安裝鎖閉桿安裝鎖鉤安裝鎖閉鐵插入導(dǎo)向銷鎖閉裝置4.TheinstallationandCommissioningoftheexternallockingdevice1.InstallationTheinstallationoftheexternallockingdeviceandinstallationdevicemustbeinstalledintheleveloftheworkbed,accuraterailsleeperposition,gaugestandardandtonguerail,frograilmacroclosepasteandotherrelatedpartstoachievetheinstallationoftechnicalstandards.InstallationoflockingframeandspikerailconnectingironInstallingthelockingrodInstallinglockingframeInstallinglockingironInsertingguidepinlockingdevice（四）外鎖閉裝置安裝及調(diào)試1.安裝安裝鎖閉桿安裝鎖閉框安裝開口銷及鎖閉鐵2.調(diào)試（1）外鎖閉的調(diào)試①尖軌部分a.調(diào)整兩鎖閉框，使兩側(cè)鎖閉框?qū)φ.調(diào)整兩側(cè)尖軌密貼。c.調(diào)整道岔開口。②心軌部分通過調(diào)整鎖閉鐵和鎖閉框之間調(diào)整片的數(shù)量，實現(xiàn)兩側(cè)心軌鎖閉的調(diào)整。（2）安裝裝置的調(diào)試安裝裝置的調(diào)試是與外鎖閉的調(diào)試同時進行的，調(diào)試好安裝裝置和外鎖閉，道岔電務(wù)方面的指標也就達到要求。①道岔的調(diào)試要先調(diào)試第一牽引點，再調(diào)試第二點。②道岔開口的調(diào)整。③心軌鎖閉量的調(diào)整。④電轉(zhuǎn)機垂直方向（高低）的調(diào)整。⑤電轉(zhuǎn)機表示（表示桿缺口）的調(diào)試。鎖閉裝置4.TheinstallationandCommissioningoftheexternallockingdeviceInstallingthelockingrodInstallinglockingframeInstallingcotterpinandlockingiron2.Commissioning(1)Commissioningofexternallocking①Tonguerailparta.Adjustthetwolockingframes,sothatbothsidesofthelockingframesquare.b.Adjustbothsidesofthetonguerailclosefit.c.Adjusttheturnoutopening.②CenterrailpartTheadjustmentofcenterraillockingonbothsidesisrealizedbyadjustingthenumberofadjustmentpiecesbetweenthelockingironandthelockingframe.(2)CommissioningofinstallationdeviceThecommissioningoftheinstallationdeviceiscarriedoutatthesametimewiththecommissioningoftheexternallocking,thecommissioningoftheinstallationdeviceandtheexternallocking,theelectricalserviceindexoftheturnoutwillalsomeettherequirements.①Thecommissioningoftheturnoutshouldfirstcommissionthe