交通工程學院在線開放課程

OnlineOpenCourseofTransportationEngineeringCollege《工程項目管理》網絡課堂

EngineeringProjectManagement

Onlineclassroom江蘇建筑職業技術學院交通工程學院

SchoolofTransportationEngineering,JiangsuVocationalandTechnicalCollegeofArchitecture

主講人：朱棟

Speaker:ZhuDong工程項目質量控制的目標、任務與責任

Objective,TaskandResponsibilityofQualityControlofEngineeringProject【核心知識點】

[CoreKnowledgePoints]項目質量控制的目標與任務

Objectivesandtasksofprojectqualitycontrol項目質量控制的責任和義務

Responsibilitiesandobligationsforprojectqualitycontrol1.質量和工程項目質量

1.Qualityandprojectquality

建設工程項目質量是指通過項目實施形成的工程實體的質量,是反映建筑工程滿足法律、法規的強制性要求和合同約定的要求,包括在安全、使用功能以及在耐久性能、環境保護等方面滿足要求的明顯和隱含能力的特性總和。其質量特性主要體現在適用性、安全性、耐久性、可靠性、經濟性及與環境的協調性等六個方面。

Thequalityofconstructionprojectreferstothequalityoftheprojectentityformedthroughtheimplementationoftheproject,whichreflectsthattheconstructionprojectmeetsthemandatoryrequirementsoflawsandregulationsandtherequirementsagreedinthecontract,includingtheobviousandimplicitcharacteristicsofmeetingtherequirementsintermsofsafety,usefunction,durabilityandenvironmentalprotection.Itsqualitycharacteristicsaremainlyembodiedinsixaspects,suchasapplicability,safety,durability,reliability,economyandcoordinationwiththeenvironment.2.質量管理和工程項日質量管理

2.Qualitymanagementandprojectdayqualitymanagement

質量管理就是關于質量的管理,是在質量方面指揮和控制組織的協調活動,包括建立和確定質量方針和質量目標,并在質量管理體系中通過質量策劃、質量保證、質量控制和質量改進等手段來實施全部質量管理職能,從而實現質量目標的所有活動。

Qualitymanagementreferstothemanagementofquality,whichisthecoordinationactivitiesofdirectingandcontrollingtheorganizationintermsofquality,includingtheestablishmentanddeterminationofqualitypolicyandqualityobjectives,andtheimplementationofallqualitymanagementfunctionsinthequalitymanagementsystembymeansofqualityplanning,qualityassurance,qualitycontrolandqualityimprovement,soastoachieveallactivitiesofqualityobjectives.工程項目質量管理是指在工程項目實施過程中,指揮和控制項目參與備方關于質量的相互協調的活動,是圍繞著使工程項目滿足質量要求,而開展的策劃、組織、計劃、實施、檢查、監督和審核等所有管理活動的總和。它是工程項目的建設、勘察、設計、施工、監理等單位的共同職責。項目參與備方的項目經理必須調動與項目質量有關的所有人員的積極性,共同做好本職工作,才能完成項目質量管理的任務。

Projectqualitymanagementreferstothecoordinationactivitiesofdirectingandcontrollingprojectparticipantsonqualityduringtheimplementationoftheproject,whichisthesumofallmanagementactivitiessuchasplanning,organization,planning,implementation,inspection,supervisionandauditcarriedoutaroundmeetingthequalityrequirementsoftheproject.Itisthecommonresponsibilityoftheconstruction,survey,design,construction,supervisionandotherunitsoftheproject.Theprojectmanagerofthepartyparticipatingintheprojectmustmobilizetheenthusiasmofallpersonnelrelatedtotheprojectqualityandworktogethertocompletethetaskofprojectqualitymanagement.3.質量控制與工程項目質量控制

3.Qualitycontrolandprojectqualitycontrol

質量控制是質量管理的一部分,是致力于滿足質量要求的一系列相關活動。這些活動主要包括：

Qualitycontrolisapartofqualitymanagement,whichisaseriesofrelatedactivitiesdedicatedtomeetingqualityrequirements.Theseactivitiesinclude,interalia:

(1)設定日標：接照質量要求,確定需要達到的標準和控制的區間、范圍、區域。

(1)Setthedailystandard:accordingtothequalityrequirements,determinethestandardtobemetandthecontrolinterval,rangeandarea.

(2)測量檢查：測量實際成果滿足所設定目標的程度。

(2)Measurementinspection:measuretheextenttowhichtheactualresultsmeetthesetobjectives.

(3)評價分析：評價控制的能力和效果,分析偏差產生的原因。

(3)Evaluationandanalysis:evaluatetheabilityandeffectofcontrol,andanalyzethecausesofdeviation.

(4)糾正偏差：對不滿足設定目標的偏差,及時采取針對性措施盡量糾正偏差。

(4)Correctionofdeviation:forthedeviationthatdoesnotmeetthesettarget,taketargetedmeasurestocorrectthedeviationasfaraspossible.工程項目的質量要求主要是由業主方提出的。項目的質量目標,是業主的建設意圖通過項目策劃,包括項目的定義及建設規模、系統構成、使用功能和價值、規格、檔次、標準等的定位策劃和目標決策來確定的。

Thequalityrequirementsoftheprojectaremainlyputforwardbytheowner.Thequalityobjectiveoftheprojectisdeterminedbytheowner'sconstructionintentionthroughprojectplanning,includingthedefinitionoftheprojectandthepositioningplanningandobjectivedecision-makingofconstructionscale,systemcomposition,usefunctionandvalue,specifications,gradesandstandards.工程項目質量控制包括項目的建設、勘察、設計、施工、監理備方的質量控制活動。

Thequalitycontrolofengineeringprojectincludesthequalitycontrolactivitiesofprojectconstruction,survey,design,construction,supervisionandpreparation.二、項目質量控制的目標與任務

II.ObjectivesandTasksofProjectQualityControl

建設工程項目質量控制的目標,就是實現由項目決策所決定的項目質量目標,使項目的適用性、安全性、耐久性、可靠性、經濟性及與環境的協調性等方面滿足業主需要并符合國家法律、行政法規和投術標準、規范的要求。項目的質量涵蓋設計質量、材料質量、設備質量、施工質量和影響項目運行或運營的環境質量等,備項質量均應符合相關的技術規范和標準的規定,滿足業主方的質量要求。

Thegoalofconstructionprojectqualitycontrolistoachievetheprojectqualityobjectivesdeterminedbytheprojectdecision-making,sothattheapplicability,safety,durability,reliability,economyandenvironmentalcoordinationoftheprojectcanmeettheneedsoftheownersandmeettherequirementsofnationallaws,administrativeregulationsandtechnicalstandardsandnorms.Thequalityoftheprojectcoversthedesignquality,materialquality,equipmentquality,constructionqualityandenvironmentalqualityaffectingtheprojectoperationoroperation,etc.Thequalityofthespareitemsshallconformtotheprovisionsofrelevanttechnicalspecificationsandstandardsandmeetthequalityrequirementsoftheowner.工程項目質量控制的任務就是對項目的建設、勘察、設計、施工、監理單位的工程質量行為,以及涉及項目工程實體質量的設計質量、材料質量、設備質量、施工安裝質量進行控制。由于項目的質量目標最終是由項目工程實體的質量來體現,而項目工程實體的質量最終是通過施工作業過程直接形成的,設計質量、材料質量、設備質量往往也要在施工過程中進行檢驗,因此,施工質量控制是項目質量控制的重點。

Thetaskofengineeringprojectqualitycontrolistocontroltheengineeringqualitybehavioroftheconstruction,survey,design,constructionandsupervisionunitsoftheproject,aswellasthedesignquality,materialquality,equipmentqualityandconstructionandinstallationqualityrelatedtothequalityoftheprojectentity.Becausethequalityobjectiveoftheprojectisultimatelyembodiedbythequalityoftheprojectengineeringentity,andthequalityoftheprojectengineeringentityisultimatelydirectlyformedthroughtheconstructionprocess,thedesignquality,materialqualityandequipmentqualityareofteninspectedintheconstructionprocess,therefore,theconstructionqualitycontrolisthefocusofprojectqualitycontrol.三、項目質量控制的責任和義務

III.ResponsibilitiesandObligationsofProjectQualityControl

1.建設單位的質量責任和義務

1.Qualityresponsibilitiesandobligationsoftheconstructionunit

(l)建設單位應當將工程發包給具有相應資質等級的單位,并不得將建設工程肢解發包。

(L)Theconstructionunitshallcontracttheprojecttoaunitwiththecorrespondingqualificationlevel,andshallnotcontracttheconstructionprojectinparts.

(2)建設單位應當依法對工程建設項目的勘察、設計、施工、監理以及與工程建設有關的重要設備、材料等的采購進行招標。

(2)Constructionunitsshallinvitetendersfortheinvestigation,design,construction,supervisionofconstructionprojectsandtheprocurementofimportantequipmentandmaterialsrelatedtoconstructionprojectsaccordingtolaw.(3)建設單位必須向有關的勘察、設計、施工、工程監理等單位提供與建設工程有關的原始資料。原始資料必須真實、準確、齊全。

(3)Theconstructionunitmustprovidetheoriginaldatarelatedtotheconstructionprojecttotherelevantsurvey,design,constructionandprojectsupervisionunits.Theoriginalmaterialsmustbetrue,accurateandcomplete.

(4)建設工程發包單位不得迫便承包方以低于成本的價格竟標,不得任意壓縮合理工期;不得明示或者暗示設計單位或者施工單位違反工程建設強制性標準,降低建設工程質量。

(4)Theconstructionprojectcontractingunitshallnotforcethecontractortobidatapricelowerthanthecost,andshallnotarbitrarilycompressthereasonableconstructionperiod;Itshallnotexpressorimplythatthedesignunitortheconstructionunitviolatesthemandatorystandardsforconstructionprojectsandreducesthequalityofconstructionprojects.

(5)建設單位應當將施工圖設計文件上報縣級以上人民政府建設行政主管部門或者其他有關部門審查。

(5)Theconstructionunitshallsubmittheconstructiondrawingdesigndocumentstothecompetentconstructionadministrativedepartmentofthepeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelorotherrelevantdepartmentsforexamination.施工圖設計文件未經審查批準的,不得使用。

Constructiondrawingdesigndocumentsshallnotbeusedwithoutexaminationandapproval.

(6)實行監理的建設工程,建設單位應當委托具有相應資質等級的工程監理單位進行監理。

(6)Foraconstructionprojectundersupervision,theconstructionunitshallentrustaprojectsupervisionunitwithcorrespondingqualificationleveltocarryoutsupervision.(7)建設單位在領取施工許可證或者開工報告前,應當按照國家有關規定辦理工程質量監督手續。

(7)Beforeobtainingtheconstructionpermitorthecommencementreport,theconstructionunitshallgothroughtheformalitiesofprojectqualitysupervisioninaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheState.

(8)接照合同約定,由建設單位采購建筑材料、建筑構配件和設備的,建設單位應當保證建筑材料、建筑構配件和設備符合設計文件和合同要求。建設單位不得明示或者暗示施工單位使用不合格的建筑材料

(8)Iftheconstructionunitpurchasesbuildingmaterials,structuralfittingsandequipmentaccordingtothecontract,theconstructionunitshallensurethatthebuildingmaterials,structuralfittingsandequipmentmeettherequirementsofthedesigndocumentsandthecontract.Theconstructionunitshallnotexpressorimplythattheconstructionunitusesunqualifiedbuildingmaterials.建筑構配件和設備。

Buildingcomponentsandequipment.

(9)涉及建筑主體和承重結構變動的裝修工程,建設單位應當在施工前委托原設計單位或者具有相應資質等級的設計單位提出設計方案;沒有設計方案的,不得施工。房屋建筑使用者在裝修過程中,不得擅自變動房屋建筑主體和承重結構。

(9)Fordecorationprojectsinvolvingchangesinthemainbodyandload-bearingstructureofthebuilding,theconstructionunitshallentrusttheoriginaldesignunitorthedesignunitwiththecorrespondingqualificationleveltoproposeadesignplanbeforeconstruction;Ifthereisnodesignscheme,noconstructionshallbecarriedout.Intheprocessofdecoration,buildingusersshallnotalterthemainbodyandload-bearingstructureofthebuildingwithoutauthorization.

(10)建設單位收到建設工程竣工報告后,應當組織設計、施工、工程監理等有關單位進行竣工驗收。建設工程經驗收合格的,方可交付使用。

(10)Afterreceivingthecompletionreportoftheconstructionproject,theconstructionunitshallorganizetherelevantunitssuchasdesign,constructionandprojectsupervisiontocarryoutthecompletionacceptance.Onlywhentheconstructionprojectisqualifiedcanitbedeliveredforuse.(11)建設單位應當嚴格按照國家有關檔案管理的規定,及時收集、整理建設項目各環節的文件資料,建立健全建設項目檔案,并在建設工程竣工驗收后,及時向建設行政主管部門或者其他有關部門移交建設項日檔案。

(11)Theconstructionunitshall,instrictaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheStateonarchivesmanagement,collectandsortoutdocumentsandmaterialsinallaspectsoftheconstructionprojectinatimelymanner,establishandimprovethearchivesoftheconstructionproject,andhandoverthedailyarchivesoftheprojecttothecompetentconstructionadministrativedepartmentorotherrelevantdepartmentsinatimelymannerafterthecompletionandacceptanceoftheproject.2.勘察、設計單位的質量責任和義務

2.Qualityresponsibilitiesandobligationsofsurveyanddesignunits

(1)從事建設工程勘察、設計的單位應當依法取得相應等級的資質證書,在其資質

(1)Unitsengagedinsurveyanddesignofconstructionprojectsshallobtainqualificationcertificatesofcorrespondinggradesaccordingtolaw.

等級許可的范圍內承攬工程,并不得轉包或者違法分包所承攬的工程。

Tocontractprojectswithinthescopepermittedbythegrade,andshallnotsubcontractorillegallysubcontractthecontractedprojects.

(2)勘察、設計單位必須接照工程建設強制性標準進行勘察、設計,并對其勘察、設計的質量負責。注冊建筑師、注冊結構工程師等注冊執業人員應當在設計文件上簽字,對設計文件負責。

(2)Surveyanddesignunitsmustcarryoutsurveyanddesignaccordingtomandatorystandardsforengineeringconstruction,andberesponsibleforthequalityoftheirsurveyanddesign.Registeredarchitects,registeredstructuralengineersandotherregisteredpractitionersshallsignthedesigndocumentsandberesponsibleforthedesigndocuments.(3)勘察單位提供的地質、測量、水文等勘察成果必須真實、準確。

(3)Thegeological,survey,hydrologicalandothersurveyresultsprovidedbythesurveyunitmustbetrueandaccurate.

(4)設計單位應當根據勘察成果文件進行建設工程設計。設計文件應當符合國家規定的設計深度要求,注明工程合理使用年限。

(4)Thedesignunitshalldesigntheconstructionprojectaccordingtothesurveyresults.Thedesigndocumentsshallconformtothedesigndepthrequirementsstipulatedbythestateandindicatethereasonableservicelifeoftheproject.

(5)設計單位在設計文件中選用的建筑材料、建筑構配件和設備,應當注明規格、型號、性能等技術指標,其質量耍求必須符合國家規定的標準。除有特殊要求的建筑材料、專用設備、工藝生產線等外,設計單位不得指定生產、供應商。

(5)Thebuildingmaterials,components,fittingsandequipmentselectedbythedesignunitinthedesigndocumentsshallindicatethespecifications,models,performanceandothertechnicalindicators,andtheirqualityrequirementsmustconformtothestandardsprescribedbythestate.Exceptforbuildingmaterials,specialequipmentandprocessproductionlineswithspecialrequirements,thedesignunitshallnotdesignateproductionandsuppliers.(6)設計單位應當就審查合格的施工圖設計文件向施工單位作出詳細說明。

(6)Thedesignunitshallmakeadetailedexplanationtotheconstructionunitonthequalifiedconstructiondrawingdesigndocuments.

(7)設計單位應當參與建設工程質量事故分析,并對因設計造成的質量事故,提出相應的技術處理方案。

(7)Thedesignunitshallparticipateintheanalysisofqualityaccidentsofconstructionprojects,andputforwardcorrespondingtechnicaltreatmentschemesforqualityaccidentscausedbydesign.3.施工單位的質量責任和義務

3.Qualityresponsibilitiesandobligationsoftheconstructionunit

(1)施工單位應當依法取得相應等級的資質證書,在其資質等級許可的范圍內承攬工程,并不得轉包或者違洼分包工程。

(1)Theconstructionunitshallobtainthequalificationcertificateofthecorrespondinggradeaccordingtolaw,contracttheprojectwithinthescopepermittedbyitsqualificationgrade,andshallnotsubcontractorsubcontracttheprojectinviolationofthelaw.

(2)施工單位對建設工程的施工質量負責。施工單位應當建立質量責任制,確定工程項目的項目經理、技術負責人和施工管理負責人。建設工程實行總承包的,總承包單位應當對全部建設工程質量負責;建設工程勘察、設計、施工、設備采購的一項或者多

(2)Theconstructionunitshallberesponsiblefortheconstructionqualityoftheconstructionproject.Theconstructionunitshallestablishaqualityresponsibilitysystemanddeterminetheprojectmanager,technicaldirectorandconstructionmanagementdirectoroftheproject.Whereaconstructionprojectisundergeneralcontracting,thegeneralcontractingunitshallberesponsibleforthequalityofallconstructionprojects.Oneormoreofconstructionengineeringsurvey,design,constructionandequipmentprocurement實行總承包的,總承包單位應當對其承包的建設工程或者采購的設備的質量負責。

Incaseofgeneralcontracting,thegeneralcontractingunitshallberesponsibleforthequalityofthecontractedconstructionprojectsortheequipmentpurchased.

(3)總承包單位依法將建設工程分包給其他單位的,分包單位應當按照分包合同的約定對其分包工程的質量向總承包單位負責.總承包單位與分包單位對分包工程的質量承擔連帶責任。

(3)Ifthegeneralcontractorsubcontractstheconstructionprojecttootherunitsaccordingtolaw,thesubcontractorshallberesponsibletothegeneralcontractorforthequalityofthesubcontractedprojectinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthesubcontract.Theoverallcontractorandthesubcontractorshallbejointlyandseverallyliableforthequalityofthesubcontractedprojects.

(4)施工單位必須接照工程設計圖紙和施工投術標準施工,不得擅自修改工程設計,不得偷工減料。施工單位在施工過程中發現設計文件和圖紙有差錯的,應當及時提出意見和建議。

(4)Theconstructionunitmustcarryouttheconstructionaccordingtotheengineeringdesigndrawingsandconstructiontechnicalstandards,andshallnotmodifytheengineeringdesignwithoutauthorizationorcutcorners.Iftheconstructionunitfindserrorsinthedesigndocumentsanddrawingsduringtheconstructionprocess,itshallpromptlyputforwardopinionsandsuggestions.(5)施工單位必須按照工程設計要求、施工技術標準和合同約定,對建筑材料、建筑構配件、設備和商品混凝土進行檢驗,檢驗應當有書面記錄和專人簽字;未經檢驗或者檢驗不合格的,不得使用。

(5)Constructionunitsmustinspectbuildingmaterials,structuralfittings,equipmentandcommercialconcreteinaccordancewithengineeringdesignrequirements,constructiontechnicalstandardsandcontractagreements,andtheinspectionshallberecordedinwritingandsignedbyaspecialperson;Thosethathavenotbeeninspectedorfailedtopasstheinspectionshallnotbeused.

(6)施工單位必須建立、健全施工質量的檢驗制度,嚴格工序管理,做好隱蔽工程的質量檢查和記錄。隱蔽工程在隱蔽前,施工單位應當通知建設單位和建設工程質量監督機構

(6)Theconstructionunitmustestablishandimprovetheinspectionsystemofconstructionquality,strictlymanagetheprocess,anddoagoodjobinthequalityinspectionandrecordofconcealedworks.Beforeconcealingaconcealedproject,theconstructionunitshallnotifytheconstructionunitandthequalitysupervisionorganizationoftheconstructionproject.(7)施工人員對涉及結構安全的試塊、試件以及有關材料,應當在建設單位或者工程監理單位監督下現場取樣,并送具有相應資質等級的質量檢測單位進行檢測。

(7)Constructionpersonnelshalltakesamplesoftestblocks,testpiecesandrelatedmaterialsrelatedtostructuralsafetyonsiteunderthesupervisionoftheconstructionunitortheprojectsupervisionunit,andsendthemtothequalityinspectionunitwithcorrespondingqualificationlevelforinspection.

(8)施工單位對施工中出現質量間題的建設工程或者竣工驗收不合格的建設工程,應當負責返修。

(8)Constructionunitsshallberesponsibleforrepairingconstructionprojectswithqualityproblemsinconstructionorconstructionprojectsthatfailtopasstheacceptanceofcompletion.

(9)施工單位應當建立健全教育培訓制度,加強對職工的教育培訓;未經教育培訓或者考核不合格的人員,不得上崗作業。

(9)Theconstructionunitshallestablishandimprovetheeducationandtrainingsystem,andstrengthentheeducationandtrainingofemployees;Personnelwhohavenotbeeneducatedandtrainedorfailedtopasstheexaminationshallnotbeallowedtoworkontheirposts.4.工程監理單位的質量責任和義務

4.Qualityresponsibilitiesandobligationsofengineeringsupervisionunits

(1)工程監理單位應當依法取得相應等級的資質證書,在其資質等級許可的范圍內承擔工程監理業務,并不得轉讓工程監理業務。

(1)Theprojectsupervisionunitshallobtainthequalificationcertificateofthecorrespondinggradeaccordingtolaw,undertaketheprojectsupervisionbusinesswithinthescopepermittedbyitsqualificationgrade,andshallnottransfertheprojectsupervisionbusiness.

(2)工程監理單位與被監理工程的施工承包單位以及建筑材料、建筑構配件和設備供應單位有隸屬關系或者其他利害關系的,不得承擔該項建設工程的監理業務。

(2)Iftheprojectsupervisionunithasasubordinaterelationshiporotherinterestrelationshipwiththeconstructioncontractoroftheprojectundersupervisionandthesupplierofbuildingmaterials,componentsandequipment,itshallnotundertakethesupervisionbusinessoftheconstructionproject.(3)工程監理單位應當依照法律、法規以及有關技術標準、設計文件和建設工程承包合同,代表建設單位對施工質量實施監理,并對施工質量承擔監理責任。

(3)Theprojectsupervisionunitshallsupervisetheconstructionqualityonbehalfoftheconstructionunitinaccordancewithlaws,regul