學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精語法·剖析·活用名詞性從句英語中有些句子在整個句子中相當于一個名詞,這種句子叫做名詞性從句。1。主語從句1)作主語的從句叫主語從句。通常由從屬連詞that,whether和連接代詞what,who,which，whatever,whoever及連接副詞how，when,where,why等詞引導.that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義，起連接作用,又在句中充當句子成分。如：Thatthefootballmatchwillbeputoffiscertainnow.Whenandwhereweshallholdthesportsmeetingwillbediscussedattoday’smeeting.2)主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數形,但主語從句的主語只限定從句中的謂語動詞,與主句的謂語動詞無關。3)有時為了避免頭重腳輕,常用形主語it代替主語從句,而把主語從句置于句末（參見Unit2）.2。賓語從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句.引導從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣；賓語從句在句中可以作謂語動詞、介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1）由that引導的賓語從句在口語和非正文體中常常省略.如：Ibelieve(that）theChineseWomen’sFootballTeamwillwinintheWorldCupthisyear.但在下列情況下,一般不能省略.①that從句被詞組、短語等與謂語動詞分隔開時。如:Theytoldusonceagainthatthiswouldneverhappen。②that從句表示強調置于句首時。如：ThatheneverdidsuchathingIsimplycan’tbelieve。2)用who,why,when,which，what,how，where等引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,但應注意句子語序要用陳述語序.如：Iwonderwhenhewillcometoschool.3）用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒.如:Idon’tknowif/whetherhehaseverbeentoParis。4)有時常用it代替賓語從句，把賓語從句置于句末。如：ShehasmadeitclearthatAlicehasn’ttakenanymedicine。5）在wh—疑問句中,當wh—成分作介詞賓語時,介詞可置于句末也可置于句首。如：Hecouldn’tremember第一種為正用法，第二種為非正用法。wh-型疑問詞除why以外，都可接不定作賓語。6）在believe,expect，consider,fancy,suppose和think等動詞引導的賓語從句中,有時謂語盡管是否定意思，卻不用否定形,而把上述動詞變為否定。如：Idon’tthinkthebookisworthreading.3.表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的連詞與引導主語從句和賓語從句的連詞大體相同；表語從句位于系動詞之后,有時也用as,asif/though引導.如：TheproblemiswhocangettheretotaketheplaceofBen。Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain。4。同位語從句同位語從句用于對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋,說明名詞的具體內容.1）同位語從句一般置于下列名詞后：belief，doubt,fact，hope,idea，message,news,promise，suggestion,report，thought等。如:Thefactthathissuggestionmakessenseshouldberecognized.2)由連接詞that引導的同位語從句，在句子結構上與由關系代詞that引導的定語從句有相似之處,但有區別。如：DidyouhearthenewsthattheChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonthegoldenmedalinAthens？NeitherofusshowedanyinterestinthenewsthatJohntoldusyesterday。第一句中的that指news內容本身，that在從句中不充當成分，只起連接作用;第二句中,that從句說明是怎樣的news，在定語從句中充當tell的賓語。that和if/whether引導的名詞性從句1。that引導的名詞性從句1）當從句是一個陳述句時，用that引導。如：Louishopesthathewillsucceedinthecomingexam。（Hewillsucceedinthecomingexam.是一個句意完整的句子。)2)大多數情況下,that不能用于介詞之后引導名詞性從句，但在in和except之后例外.如：Iknowlittleabouthimexceptthathelivesdownstairs.Theproblemliesinthatthereisnoonecapableenoughtotakehisplace。3）當that引導的名詞性從句是主語從句時，that不能省略.如：ThatMr。Wangisseriouslyillistrue。4）在口語和非正文體中，引導賓語從句和表語從句的that可以省略。如：Iregret（that）Ididnotgototheconcertwithyouyesterday.2.if/whether引導的名詞性從句1)當從句是一般疑問句時,可用if或whether引導名詞性從句.如：Idon’tknowif/whetherJohnhasfinisheddoinghishomework.2)在下列情況下,一般只能用whether,不用if。①在“whetherornot”結構中，如：Johnrefusedtotellmewhetherornothehasfinishedhishomework.②在介詞后面時,如:It'saquestionofwhetheryouarefitforthework。③引導主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句時,如：Thequestionwhetherweshouldhavethemeetingmustbedecidedrightnow.3.如果that或if/whether引導的是由and或or連接的兩個并列的名詞性從句，and或or后的從句也要加上that或if/whether.【活學活用】43。單項填空1)—Doyouremember_________hewent?—Yes，Ido。Hewentonarainynight。A。why B。whereC.when D。how2)AlthoughEllenwaslistening，shedidn’thear_________becausetherewastoomuchnoise.A.thatthelecturersaid B。whatdidthelecturersayC.whatthelecturersaid D。whatthelecturerwasgoingtosay3)It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_________heorshewants。A。whatever B.however C。whenever D。wherever4）Thedealertoldme_________hewaspreparedtopayformycarandIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay。A。howmuch；/ B。when；ifC。howmuch；that D。that;whether5)Myproblemrightnowis_________Ishouldhavesomeoneelsetotaketheplaceofme。A.if B.whetherC。why D./6）Canyoumakesure_________thekeytothecar?A。whereIhadput B.wherehaveIputC.wherehadI D。whereIhaveput7)—Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.-Yes,itcouldbe.-Iwonder_________wecandoaboutit.A.if B.how C.what D.that8)We’vedecidedtopayavisittoCanada,but_________we’retodosohasn'tbeenmadeclearyet.A.if B.how C。when D.why9）Phoebe’sbrotherhadatlastbecomealawyer，_________hewantedtobe.A.what B.who C。which D。as10)Idon’tdoubt_________Laurawillbeabletogetalongwellwithherclassmates。A。if B.whetherC。that D.how1）解析：根據句子語境應選when，表示在什么時候,如沒有下文，四個選項都能成立.答案:C2）解析：賓語從句應用陳述語序，what在從句中充當賓語。答案:C3)解析：whatever在動詞不定短語中作賓語，意為“任何……東西(anythingthat)”。答案：A4)解析:當that引導的賓語從句被短語或句子與主句分隔時，t