專題09閱讀理解議論文

目錄

題型綜述2

解題攻略3

題型01主旨大意題3

題型02細節理解題5

題型03推理判斷題6

題型04詞義猜測題9

高考練場

?題型簡介

高考英語閱讀理解議論文，通常圍繞某一觀點、現象或問題展開論述，作者通過擺事實、講道理，運用

邏輯推理來闡明自身看法，說服讀者接受其觀點。文章往往結構清晰，包含論點、論據與論證過程，選

材涉及社會熱點、教育理念、科技發展爭議、文化現象剖析等諸多領域，旨在考查學生對復雜文本的理

解、分析及批判性思維能力。

?命題類型

>主旨大意題：要求提煉文章核心論點，常以"What'sthemainideaofthepassage?"這類問句出現，選

項可能是對全文中心思想的精準概括，也可能是過于寬泛、片面的干擾表述。

>細節理解題：針對文中論據、支撐性事例或特定關鍵信息設題，題目會明確指向文章某一處，如

("Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabout...istrue?”,考查學生捕捉精準細節的

能力。

>推理判斷題：需依據文章現有論述、語氣傾向推測隱含意義、作者態度，題干表述多為“Whatcanbe

inferredfromthepassage?",答案并非原文直白呈現，要經適度推導。

>詞義猜測題：聚焦文中超綱詞、熟詞僻義或特定語境下有特殊含義的詞匯，例如“Theunderlinedword

4XXX,intheparagraphmostprobablymeans...”,要求結合上下文破解詞義謎團。

?解題思路

?讀題預判：快速瀏覽題目與選項，圈出關鍵信息，像主旨題中的“mainidea”、細節題里的專有名詞

等，預判閱讀重點，帶著問題意識去讀文章。

?通讀抓論點：首次通讀，定位文章開頭段，多數議論文在此點明主題、拋出論點；同時留意各段首

句，它們常起承上啟下、引出分論點的作用，梳理出全文論述脈絡。

?定位找論據：碰上細節、詞義類題目，依據題目關鍵詞，精準回文定位，在定位段落中細讀上下文，

借助因果、對比、舉例等邏輯關系鎖定答案，比如出現"forexample"后的內容大概率是在解釋前面

論點，對理解詞義、補充細節很關鍵。

?推理重邏輯：面對推理題，緊扣文章已知觀點、事實，杜絕過度臆想，分析作者用詞褒貶、論證走向

來判斷態度傾向；梳理段落、句子間的邏輯鏈條，像因果推導、讓步轉折后的語義走向，讓推理有理

有據。

?核查避陷阱：選完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看選項是否契合全文主旨、對應細節是否無誤，警惕

偷換概念、無中生有、以偏概全這類常見陷阱選項。

02解題攻略

題型01主旨大意題

提分秘籍

^311門1

?關注文章的苴屎用范：議論文的王旨通常出現在文堂的開頭或結尾。苔段往往提出論點或問題

，聯殳則總結觀點或前班論。

?MI住主題韌狀鍵詞：主題句是累括文宣主旨的關鍵.在閱讀過程中.要注意段落中的主題句

以及文章中反復出現的關健詞。

?綜合各段大意，歸納空結：如果文意沒有明確的主題句，可以先籍括督一段的大意，然后綜合

各段內容，歸納出文章的中心思想，

典例剖析

（23-24高三上?江蘇揚州?期末）

“Womanreadingbook,underanightsky,dreamyatmosphere,9,1typeintoDeepDreamGenerator'sText2

Dreamfeature.Inlessthanaminute,animageisreturnedtomeshowingwhatI'vedescribed.

WelcometotheworldofAIimagegeneration,whereyoucancreatewhatonthesurfacelooksliketop-rank

artworkusingjustafewtextprompts（提示）.Butcloserexaminationshowsoddities.Thefaceofthewomaninmy

imagehasveryoddfeatures,andappearstobeholdingmultiplebooks.And,whilethere5saninitialthrillatseeing

animageappear,there?snocreativesatisfaction.

AIimagegenerationcouldinfluenceeverythingfromfilmtographicnovelsandmore.Children's

illustratorswerequicktoraiseconcernsaboutthetechnology.TheysayAi-generatedartistheexactoppositeof

whatartisbelievedtobe.Fundamentally,artisallabouttranslatingsomethingthatyoufeelinternallyinto

somethingthat

existsexternally.Whateverformittakes,trueartisaboutthecreativeprocessmuchmorethanit'saboutthefinal

piece.Andsimplypressingabuttontogenerateanimageisnotacreativeprocess.

Beyondcreativity,therearedeeperissues.Tocreateimagesfromprompts,AIgeneratorsrelyondatabases

ofalreadyexistingartandtext.Thiscouldleadtothecreationofimagesthatareintentionallymeanttoimitatethe

styleofotherartists,withouttheiragreement.ThereisanargumentthatAIgeneratorsworknodifferentlyto

humanswhenitcomestobeinginfluencedbyothers9work.However,ahumanartistisalsoaddingemotionand

nuance侈田微差另U）intothemix.AIdoesn'tdothesame——itcanonlycopy.

TheincreasinguseofAIwillalsoleadtoadevaluing（貶低）oftheworkofartists.There9salreadya

negativeprejudicetowardsthecreativeindustry.Peoplewillbegintothinkthattheir"work"isasexcellentasthat

createdbysomeonewhohasspentacareermakingart.Ifsnonsense,ofcourse.Youcanuseyourmobilephoneto

takeanicepictureofyourdaughter,butyouarenomatchforprofessionals.

7.WhatisParagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThestylesofhumanartworksandAIones.

B.Humanartists'influenceonAIgenerators.

C.DifferentmeansusedinhumanandAIartcreation.

D.Thedrawbacksofdrawingfromexistingartandtext.

8.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthelastparagraph?

A.Artisthemirroroflife.B.Romeisnotbuiltinaday.

C.Nomancandotwothingsatonce.D.Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.

題型02細節理解題

提分秘籍

□口回

?U1論點八尋論據：閱讀議論文時，要抓住作者提出的觀點、給出的例證及最后得出的

結論。這些論點和論據是理斛文章細節的關鍵，能夠幫助考生快速定位到相關信息

?注重文宣結構，理清文直照：把握文立的論證結構，如“提出問題一分析問題一

解決問題”或“論點一論據一

典例剖析

（23-24高三上?湖南婁底?期末）

Recently,Iwaswalkingwithsomeparentswhenwecameacrossafive-poundnotelyingontheground.We

stoodarounditforamoment,abitawkwardly,untilsomeonesuggestedputtingitonanearbybench.Thenoneof

theparentsremarkedthatwe'dprobablyhavebehaveddifferently-thatis,wewouldhavejusttakenthemoney

一hadwebeenalone.

Thisrelatestoaclassicquestioninstudiesofhumangenerosity:dowebehavemoreselfishlywhenwe

aren'tbeingobserved?Thedebategoesonacrossthepsychologicalandbiologicalsciences,aswellasinpopular

culture,aboutwhetherkindnesscanexistinacompetitiveworld.

YomKippurisaJewish（猶太人的）religiousholidaywhenJewishpeoplefastandaskforforgivenessfor

thewrongsthey'vecommitted.OneofthepointsofYomKippuristobehavebetterregardlessofwhoiswatching.

There9sanevolutionarybeautytotheteachingsofYomKippur,whicharetheproductsofthousandsofyearsof

culturalchangesandevolution.

TheMaasaipeopleofKenyapracticeosotua:relationshipsbetweenpeoplethatoperatebasedonneed.

Whensomeoneformsanosotuarelationshipwithanother,theyenterintoanunwrittencontracttohelptheir

partnerintimesofneed.Andhunter-gatherergroups,whichcanrepresentthecircumstancesourspeciesevolved

in,havemanysimilarexamples.

Culturalevolutionhelpstoexplaintheexistenceandcomplexityofthesesystems.Culturalchangesarefar

fasterthanbiologicalevolution,allowingintelligentspecieslikehumanstodevelopbehavioraladaptationsfor

managingcomplexsocialenvironments.Osotua,oranyotherpracticethathelpstomaintaingoodtreatmentof

othersinsociety,istheresultoftensofthousandsofyearsofculturaltrialanderror.Thecustomspasseddown

overtimearethosethathelpustodevelopasculturalgroups.

Thestudyofthosechangeshashelpedustounderstandhowwesuccessfullyspreadaroundtheworldas

cooperativegroups.Biologicalevolutionhashelpedhumansbemorecooperative,butculturalchangeshave

acceleratedthisprocess.

Culturalevolutionhelpsustoovercomeourselfishnatures.Trytounderstandrulesbeforeyouignorethem

一andnexttimeyoufindafiverontheground,youmightthinkabouttheawkwardsituationyourdiscovery

represents.

13.Whatmadetheparentsfeelabitawkward?

A.Thedifficultysharingthemoney.

B.Thedifficultyfindingtheownerofthemoney.

C.Thethoughtofputtingthemoneyonthebench.

D.Thethoughtofkeepingthemoneyforthemselves.

15.Howisbiologicalevolutiondifferentfromculturalevolution?

A.Itevolvesmuchslower.B.Ittakesmuchlesstime.

C.Itisamorecomplexprocess.D.Itmakeshumansmorecooperative.

題型03推理判斷題

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□□□囪

?以事出為依據，曲?冽H推理：推理判斷題要求考生根據文章中的事實信息，通過邏輯推

理得出結論。要注意區分事實與觀點，確保推理過程符合文章的邏輯關系.

?體會文章語言招點，把據作看寫作態度：理解作者的觀點和態度是進行推理判斷的基礎。

有時候作者的觀點和態度并不是明確表達出來的，需要考生認真體察和分析。

?關注文章中的總含信息：推理判斷題往往考查文章中隱含或深層的含義.考生需要關注

。音由心棕羥適姆嚙僉青甲笠外憫中。1S字邑金▽.

典例剖析

（23-24高三上?河北石家莊?期末）

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosing

struggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeen

inprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeter-minestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.Thatformerprisoner

wasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:why

dosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingabout

thosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningon

growingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecialization

andthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,

theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswe

can'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenever

goingtoloveusanideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitisto

havemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomething

largerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate（視...等同于）“commitment“withsuch“caring“occupationsasteachingandnursing.

Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuch

excellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastoremaketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekind

ofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

1.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

2.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

3.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

4.Whatistheauthor9spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

題型04詞義猜測題

提分秘籍

麗前i

?利用上下文語境：通過閱讀上下文，根據已知的信息或常識來推測生詞施語的含義。上下文

提供的語境線索是推斷詞義的關鍵，

?注意詞義的多義恒和購配：一個詞可能有多個義項，要結合上下文選及最合適的詞義。同時注

意詞與詞之間的搭配習慣，如固定搭配，習慣用法等。

?借斷語法知識：根據句子結構和語法關系來判斷詞義.例如，通過句子成分.從句關系等來推

新詞義.

典例剖析

（23-24高三上?廣東東莞?期末）Themushroomingvideoscreensinbuses,taxisandapartmenthallsin

citieslikeShanghaiaretakingawayouralreadyrareresource:aplaceforamomentofpeace.Takinganapor

readingabookonbusesislesspleasantnow,astheLCDscreensbroadcastnews,entertainmentand

advertisementsatunbearablevolumes.

Youpaythebusfaresimplytogetaride-undisturbed-butnowyouareexposedtothis“addedvalue”,

whetheryoulikeitornot.Ififsacrowdedbus,thenoiseisevenmoreexasperating.MoreandmoreChinesecities

havejoinedShanghai,regardedasthefirsttoputvideoscreensonbuses,disturbingmillionsofpassengers.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exasperating“inParagraph2mean?

A.Entertaining.

B.Encouraging.

C.Disappointing.

D.Annoying.

典例剖析

（23-24高三上?廣東深圳?期末）First-yearcollegestudentsoftenareexpectedorrequiredtolivein

dormitories.Intherestyears,it'susuallyuptothosestudentstodecidewhethertoliveonoroffcampus.

Atfirstglance,off-campushousingcanappearlessexpensive.Buttheadditionalexpensesoutsideofrent一

likeutilities,groceries,Internetaccess,cableandfurniture-areoftenoverlooked.Toreduceoff-campuscosts,

somestudentschoosetoooerpackhousesorapartments,sometimeswithfourorfivepeopleinatwo-bedroom

house.Unlikeoff-campushousing,thetotalcostoflivingoncampusistypicallyall-inclusive,covetingrent,

utilities,furniture,Wi-Fiandamealplan.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"overpack“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Overlook.B.Overconsume.C.Overestimate.D.Overload.

Q03，高考練場

（2024年新課標高考英語I卷C篇）

Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoand

viewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstoboth

questionsareoften"no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,an

entertainmentmindset（心態）andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit'son

paperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly

shinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks-likeidentifyingthemainideainareading

passage-toonesthatrequirementalabstraction-suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.

Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper'sphysicalproperties.

Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoften

linktheirmemoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.

Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled"shallowing

hypothesis《愛說）”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,

whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.

Audio（音頻）andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothese

technologies——say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologists

havedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoor

viewidenticalpieces.

Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailablein

print.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn't

assumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough“inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.

C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.

29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?

A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.

C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.

30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?

A.Theycanholdstudents*attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.

C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.

31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.

B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.

C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.

D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.

（2024年新課標高考英語甲卷D篇）

“Ididn'tliketheending,1saidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,and

IwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossby

GeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutit

beyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthe

charactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn'thavea

traditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,

buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.

Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifI

wantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I'dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn,t

guess,rdpickupamystery（懸疑4、說）.OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.

Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.

Butwritingtheend-thafshard.Ifshardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.

Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn'tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfits

whafsrightforthecharacters.

Thafswhythisissue（期）ofWriter'sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingfor

whateverkindofwritingyou'redoing.Ififsshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucan

trytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelsto

seewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.

Thisissuewon,ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe-thafsuptoyouandthestoryyou5retelling-buit

mightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.

12.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?

A.Todiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.

C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.

13.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?

A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.

B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.

C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.

D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.

14.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?

AItsatisfiesreaders9taste.B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.

C.Itisusuallypositive.D.Itisopenforimagination.

15.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?

A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.

C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.

（2024年北京卷英語真題）

Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse9svideogameisirresistibletomany.Searchingtheterm"simulation

hypothesis”（模擬假說）returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation一a

conceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewill

probablyneverknowwhetherifstrue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.

The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthat

areunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryrolein

structuringandshapingourperceptions.Modernscienceshaverevealedthatourperceptualexperienceofthe

worldistheresultofmanystagesofprocessingbysensorysystemsandcognitive（認知的）functionsinthebrain.

Nooneknowsexactlywhathappenswithinthisblackbox.Ifempirical（實證的）experiencefailstorevealreality,

reasoningwon'trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,cultural

andpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.

So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveina

computersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to"Can

wemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.Tofacilitateour

comprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors（隱喻）thatarefamiliartous.In

Newton'sera,weimaginedtheuniverseasaclock.InEinstein's,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle（粒

子）physics.

Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,information

processing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnewmodelsof

theuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetof

particlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.

Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.

Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientificmodels,developingthe

""computersimulation^^metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewardingexercise.

1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodobychallengingahypothesis?

A.Makeanassumption.B.Illustrateanargument.

C.Giveasuggestion.D.Justifyacomparison.

2.Whatdoesthephrase'"contingenton“underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?

A.Acceptedby.B.Determinedby.C.Awakenedby.D.Discoveredby.

3.AsforKant'sargument,theauthoris.

A.appreciativeB.doubtfulC.unconcernedD.disapproving

4.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould.

A.comparethecurrentmodelswiththepreviousones

B.continueexploringtheclassicalmodelsinhistory

C.stoparguingwhethertheuniverseisasimulation

D.turnsimulationsoftheuniverseintorealitiesup.

（2023年全國乙卷英語真題）

Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,you

cannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,for

mostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmany

literate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.

Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojust

that,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryis

perhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.Fromthe

Englishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain,srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,we

haveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewantto

reconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyand

strictlyasthewrittenreports.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyor

deliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoften

haveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenwe

considercontact（聯系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsare

necessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto

readnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

5.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

6.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?

A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.

C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conversation“inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

8.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?

A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustralia

C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories

變式演練

A

【來源】湖北省沙市中學2024-2025學年高三上學期12月月考英語試題

Therehavebeenmanyproblemswithourschoolstoday,thebiggestofwhichiscloselyrelatedtoour

culture.Ingeneral,ourculture,asrepresentedinthemedia,getsexcitedbyfamousstars,andconstantlystresses

thatifswhatyouhave,notwhatyouare,thatcounts.Parentsareencouragedtobeawayfromevenverysmall

childrenformostoftheday.Toomanyvotersgoforpoliticianswhowouldrathercutschoolfundingthantoget

ridoftaxcutsforthewealthy.Allcontributegreatlytotheproblemsofeducatingourchildren.

Today5steachershavetodealwithaculturethatisvastlydifferentthaninthepast.Theyreportthatthereis,

amongmorechildrenthanever,alackofmotivation,nodrivetosucceedoreventry.Therolemodelsthatboys

viewinthemediamostlyconsistofmenincomediesandothershowswhoarerudeandoftenextremelyimmature;

self-centeredoverpaidathletes;meninmovies,televisiondramas,videogames,etc.whoarepreoccupiedwith

violenceandpower.AsLeonardSaxwroteinBoysAdrift,"Teenageboysarelookingformodel