專題03閱讀理解（說明文）（二）

高頻話題06人與自然一人與動植物

Passage1

[2025廣東省三校高三下學期2月第一次模擬考試一模|

Thewoollymammothisoneofthemosticonicanimalsoftheprehistoricera,yetitremainsshroudedin

mystery.Oftendepictedasslow,clumsy,andill-suitedtoitsenvironment,anewwaveofresearchischallenging

theselong-heldassumptions.

Thewoollymammoth,amassiveherbivorewithlong,curvedtusks,roamedtheicylandscapesofEurasia

andNorthAmericaduringtheIceAge.Thesecolossalcreaturesstoodupto11feettallandweighedasmuchas6

tons,makingthemlargerthanmodemelephants.Theysubsistedonadietofgrasses,shrubs,andothervegetation,

usingtheirtuskstodigthroughsnowandicetoreachfood.

Duetothescarcityofwell-preservedmammothremains,scientistshavehadlimitedopportunitiestostudy

theseancientbeasts.However,recentadvancementsinpaleontologyandgeneticshaveallowedresearcherstopiece

togetheramoreaccuratepictureoftheirlives.ByanalyzingancientDNAandfossilizedfootprints,scientistshave

discoveredthatwoollymammothswerefarmoreagileandadaptablethanpreviouslythought.

Oneofthemostsignificantfindingsisthatwoollymammothshadstrong,flexibletendonsintheirlegs,

whichenabledthemtomoveswiftlyacrossthefrozenterrain.Fossilevidencealsosuggeststhattheylivedin

complexsocialgroups,similartomodemelephants,andhadhighlydevelopedsurvivalstrategiestoendurethe

harshIceAgeconditions.

Woollymammothswentextinctaround4,000yearsago,likelyduetoacombinationofclimatechangeand

humanhunting.However,theirextinctionwasnotduetoalackofintelligenceoradaptability.Infact,recentstudies

indicatethattheywerehighlyintelligentanimalswithstrongproblem-solvingabilities.

Theongoingresearchintowoollymammothsispartofabroaderefforttounderstandtheecologyand

behaviorofextinctspecies.t4Weareonthebrinkofuncoveringthetruenatureofthesemagnificentcreatures,said

Dr.ElenaIvanova,aleadingpaleontologist.4tThewoollymammothwasnotjustarelicofthepast,butahighly

evolvedandresilientanimalthatthrivedforthousandsofyears.”

Asscientistscontinuetounravelthemysteriesofthewoollymammoth,wearegainingadeeperappreciation

forthisancientgiantanditsplaceinthehistoryofourplanet.

1.Whatwasthetraditionalviewofthewoollymammoth?

A.Itwasaslow,clumsy,andill-suitedanimaltoitsenvironment.

B.Itwashighlyintelligentandadaptable.

C.Itwassmallerthanmodemelephants.

D.Itwasasolitaryanimalwithnosocialstructure.

2.Howhaveresearchersgainednewinsightsintothewoollymammoth?

A.Bystudyingwell-preservedmammothremainsfoundinlargequantities.

B.ByanalyzingancientDNAandfossilizedfootprints.

C.Byobservingthebehaviorofmodemelephants.

D.Byusingcomputersimulationstomodeltheirbehavior.

3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoollymammoth5sextinctionfromthearticle?

A.Itwasprimarilyduetoitsinabilitytoadapttochangingclimates.

B.Itwasaresultofbothclimatechangeandhumanhunting.

C.Itwascausedbyasuddenandcatastrophicevent.

D.Itwasmainlyduetocompetitionwithotherprehistoricanimals.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onthebrinkofuncovering^^meaninthecontextofthearticle?

A.Justbeginningtounderstand.

B.Almostcompletelysolved.

C.Facingamajorchallenge.

D.Reachingacriticalpoint.

【答案】LA2.B3.B4.A

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了史前動物猛嗎象，挑戰了人們對它的傳統看法，講述了研究

新發現，還提及了其滅絕原因及研究意義。

1.細節理解題。根據第一段中“Oftendepictedasslow,clumsy,andillsuitedtoitsenvironment,anewwaveof

researchischallengingtheselongheldassumptions.（猛瑪象經常被描繪成行動遲緩、笨拙且不適應環境的動物，

而新一輪的研究正在挑戰這些長期以來的假設）”可知，傳統觀點認為猛洱象是行動緩慢、笨拙且不適應環境

的動物。故選A項。

2.細節理解題。根據第三段中“However,recentadvancementsinpaleontologyandgeneticshaveallowed

researcherstopiecetogetheramoreaccuratepictureoftheirlives.ByanalyzingancientDNAandfossilized

footprints,scientistshavediscoveredthatwoollymammothswerefarmoreagileandadaptablethanpreviously

thoughts然而，古生物學和遺傳學的最新進展讓研究人員能夠更準確地拼湊出它們的生活畫面。通過分析古

代DNA和化石腳印，科學家發現猛嗎象比以前認為的要敏捷和適應能力強得多）”可知，研究人員通過分析

古代DNA和化石腳印獲得了關于猛嗎象的新見解。故選B項。

3.細節理解題。根據第五段中“Woollymammothswentextinctaround4,000yearsago,likelyduetoa

combinationofclimatechangeandhumanhunting,猛雞象大約在4000年前滅絕，可能是氣候變化和人類狩獵

共同作用的結果）”可知，猛雞象的滅絕是氣候變化和人類狩獵共同導致的。故選B項。

4.詞句猜測題。根據最后一段中“Theongoingresearchintowoollymammothsispartofabroadereffortto

understandtheecologyandbehaviorofextinctspecies.（正在進行的對長毛猛膽i象的研究是了解滅絕物種的生

態和行為的更廣泛努力的一部分）”和劃線詞后“…thetruenatureofthesemagnificentcreatures（.......這些偉大生

物的真實本性）”可知，對長毛猛嗎象的研究正在進行中，所以我們才剛剛開始了解它的真實本性，故劃線詞

“onthebrinkofuncovering”的意思是“剛開始去了解"，與“Justbeginningtounderstand”意思一致。故選A項。

Passage2

[2025江西省部分學校高三下學期2月一模考試]

Toavoidhumans,mountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareaarechangingtheiractivitypatterns.Thebig

catslivingnearareaswherehumanshike,runandcyclearebecomingincreasinglymorenoctumal（夜彳亍的）.The

findingsaredetailedinastudypublishedinthejournalBiologicalConservation.

“Peopleareincreasinglyenjoyingrecreatinginnature,whichisfantastic,studyco-authorEllieBolassaid

inastatement."Thisflexibilityweseeinmountainlionactivityiswhatallowsustosharethesenaturalareas

together.,,

Mountainlionsaretopcarnivorouspredators（食肉捕食者）thateatawidevarietyofmeatincludingdeer,

wildpigsandrabbits.Whilemountainlionsrarelyattackhumans,theycanstillbedangeroustohikers,runners,or

cyclistswhospendtimeintheirhabitats.ThemountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareafacenumerous

challenges——busyroadwayswherethey9reoftenhitbycars,thethreatofwildfires,harmfulchemicalsand

disturbedhabitats.Generally,mountainlionsprefertoavoidhumansaltogether.Butinanurbanareahometomore

than18millionpeople,thenaturalspotswheremountainlionslivearealsoheavilyusedbyrecreationists.

“Theseresultsarereallyimportantinthattheyshowhowhumansmaybeaffectingwildlifeinlessobvious

waysthankillingthemwithvehicles,9,SethRiley,astudyco-author,saidinastatement.cuThestudyalsocontinues

todrivehometheamazingfactthatapopulationoflargefieldpredatorswandersinoneofthelargesturbanareasin

theworld.Thatwouldnotbepossibleifmountainlionsweren'tabletoadjusttohumanactivity.^^

However,it'snotonlyuptothemountainlions.Peoplehavearoleinhelpingprotectthemselves,theirpets,

andmountainlionsbybeingawareofthehightimeformountainlionactivity.Becarefulifyouhavetodriveat

night,whenmountainlionslivinginpopulatedareasaremorelikelytobeactive.

1.WhatisEllieBolas9attitudetowardpeople'srecreationinnature?

A.Unclear.B.Doubtful.C.Intolerant.D.Supportive.

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutmountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareafromparagraph3?

A.Theirhabitatsareundisturbed.B.Theyareunderthreat.

C.Theytendtogetclosetohumans.D.Theirattacksonhumansarecommon.

3.WhatdoSethRiley'swordssuggestaboutmountainlions'adaption?

A.Itdisplaystheirdisastrousimpact.B.Itisaresultofhumanconservationefforts.

C.Itiskeytotheircoexistencewithhumans.D.Ithasledtothedecreaseofhumanactivity.

4.Whatistheauthor'sadviceforhumans?

A.Enjoyactivityinpopulatedareas.B.Traintheirpetstogetactiveatnight.

C.Avoidencounterswithmountainlions.D.Drivequicklytopassbymountainlions.

【答案】l.D2.B3.C4.C

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了大洛杉磯地區的美洲獅為避開人類改變活動模式，它們

面臨諸多挑戰，研究人員對其相關情況發表了看法，同時也提到了人類應如何避免與它們相遇。

1.推理判斷題。根據第二段“"Peopleareincreasinglyenjoyingrecreatinginnature,whichisfantastic/5study

co-authorEllieBolassaidinastatement.（該研究的合著者EllieBolas在一份聲明中說：“人們越來越喜歡在大

自然中休閑，這太棒了。”廠可推知EllieBolas對人們在大自然中娛樂的態度是支持的，故選D。

2.細節理解題。根據第三段“ThemountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareafacenumerouschallenges——

busyroadwayswherethey'reoftenhitbycars,thethreatofwildfires,harmfulchemicalsanddisturbedhabitats.

Generally,mountainlionsprefertoavoidhumansaltogether.Butinanurbanareahometomorethan18million

people,thenaturalspotswheremountainlionslivearealsoheavilyusedbyrecreationists.（洛杉磯地區的美洲獅

面臨著許多挑戰——繁忙的道路，它們經常被汽車撞到，野火的威脅，有害化學物質和被破壞的棲息地。

一般來說，美洲獅更喜歡避開人類。但在一個擁有1800多萬人口的城市地區，美洲獅生活的自然景點也被

休閑人士大量使用。戶可知說明大洛杉磯地區的美洲獅面臨著被車撞、野火威脅、有害化學物質以及棲息地

被破壞等諸多挑戰，也就是它們受到威脅，故選B。

3.推理判斷題o根據第四段“"Theseresultsarereallyimportantinthattheyshowhowhumansmaybeaffecting

wildlifeinlessobviouswaysthankillingthemwithvehicles,9,SethRiley,astudyco-author,saidinastatement.

“Thestudyalsocontinuestodrivehometheamazingfactthatapopulationoflargefieldpredatorswandersinone

ofthelargesturbanareasintheworld.Thatwouldnotbepossibleifmountainlionsweren'tabletoadjusttohuman

activity."（該研究的合著者SethRiley在一份聲明中說：“這些結果非常重要，因為它們表明，人類可能以比

用車輛殺死野生動物更不明顯的方式影響野生動物。”“這項研究還繼續揭示了一個驚人的事實，即一群大型

野外食肉動物在世界上最大的城市地區之一游蕩。如果美洲獅不能適應人類的活動，這是不可能的。”廠可

推知如果美洲獅不能適應人類活動，它們就不可能在世界上最大的城市地區之一生存，說明美洲獅的適應

能力是它們與人類共存的關鍵。故選C。

4.細節理解題。根據最后——段“Becarefulifyouhavetodriveatnight,whenmountainlionslivinginpopulated

areasaremorelikelytobeactive.（如果你必須在晚上開車，要小心，因為生活在人口密集地區的美洲獅更有

可能活躍。廠可知作者對人類的建議是避免遇到美洲獅。故選C。

Passage3

[2025福建省廈門市高中畢業班第一次質量檢測]

Wildchimpanzeesseemtolearnskillsfromeachotherandthen-muchashumansdo-improveonthose

techniquesfromonegenerationtothenext.

Inparticular,youngfemalesthatmigrate（遷徙）betweengroupsbringtheirculturalknowledgewiththem,

andgroupscancombinenewtechniqueswithexistingonestogetbetteratsearchingforfood.Such"'cumulative

culture“meanssomechimpanzeecommunitiesarebecomingmoretechnologicallyadvanced——althoughvery,

veryslowly.46Ifchimpanzeeshavesomeculturalknowledgethatthecommunitythey'removingintodoesn'thave,

theymaypassiton-justinthesamewaywepassonthegenes（基因）,“saysAndrewWhitenattheUniversityof

StAndrews.4tAndthenthatculturebuildsup.”

Scientistsknewchimpanzeesusedtoolsandpassedontheknowledge,buttheirlackofsignificantinnovation

comparedtohumanspuzzledresearchers.CassandraGunasekaramattheUniversityofZurichsuspectedshemight

beabletoapplygeneticanalysistothepuzzle.Toseeifyoungfemalesbringtheirskillsetsintotheirnewgroups,

sheandhercolleagueslookedatdatapreviouslycollectedbyotherresearchgroupsat35studysitesinAfricaand

includedinformationaboutwhattools,ifany,eachanimalused,aswellastheirgeneticconnectionsoverthepast

15,000years."Thegeneticsgiveusakindoftimemachineintothewayculturehasbeentransmitted（傳播）across

chimpanzees,saysWhiten.

Somechimpanzeesusedcomplextools,fbrexampleadrillingstickandafishingbrushforhunting.The

researchersfoundthechimpanzeeswiththemostadvancedtoolsetswerethreetofivetimesmorelikelytoshare

thesameDNAasthosethatusedsimpletoolsornotoolsatall,eventhoughtheymightlivethousandsof

kilometresaway.Andadvancedtoolusewasalsomorestronglyassociatedwithfemalemigrationcomparedwith

simpleornotooluse.

“Ourinterpretationisthatthesecomplextoolsetsarereallyinventedbyperhapsbuildingonasimplerform

frombefore,andthereforetheyhavetodependontransmissionbyfemalesfromthecommunitiesthatinvented

theminitiallytotheothercommunities,9,saysWhiten."Itshowsthatcomplextoolswouldrelyonsocialexchanges

acrossgroups-whichisverysurprisingandexciting,saysGunasekaram.

1.Whichbestdescribes''cumulativeculture,,inparagraph2?

A.Theimmediateadoptionofadvancedtoolsfbrfood.

B.Thegradualbuild-upofculturalknowledgeovertime.

C.Theindependentinventionoftoolswithoutpriorskills.

D.Thepreservationofculturalknowledgefbrgenerations.

2.HowdidGunasekaram^teamconducttheirresearch?

A.Byobservingchimpanzeesat35studysites.

B.Byanalyzingexistingdataonchimpanzees.

C.Bycomparingchimpanzeesintermsoftheirtooluse.

D.Byinvestigatinggeneticconnectionsofchimpanzees.

3.Whatledtochimpanzees,useofcomplextools?

A.Humaninfluences.B.Food-huntingstrategy.

C.Socialcompetition.D.Cross-groupinteractions.

4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.Thelearninggapsbetweenchimpanzeesandhumans.

B.Theenvironmentalimpactonchimpanzees5behaviors.

C.Thegeneticdiversityofchimpanzeesinthewilderness.

D.Theroleoffemalechimpanzeesinculturaltransmission.

【答案】l.B2.B3.D4,D

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了野生黑猩猩如何學習技能并在一代又一代中改進這些技能，

特別是年輕雌性在群體間遷徙時帶來的文化知識能夠提升技能，從而改進覓食技巧。

1.細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Inparticular,youngfemalesthatmigrate（遷徙）betweengroupsbringtheir

culturalknowledgewiththem,andgroupscancombinenewtechniqueswithexistingonestogetbetteratsearching

forfood.Such'"cumulativeculture“meanssomechimpanzeecommunitiesarebecomingmoretechnologically

advanced—althoughvery,veryslowly.（尤其是遷徙到不同群體的年輕雌性黑猩猩會帶著它們的文化知識，群

體可以將新的技術與現有的技術結合起來，更好地尋找食物。這種“累積文化”意味著一些黑猩猩群體正在變

得更加技術先進——盡管非常非常慢）”可知，“累積文化”是指隨著時間的推移逐漸積累文化知識。故選B。

2.細節理解題。根據文章第三段“sheandhercolleagueslookedatdatapreviouslycollectedbyotherresearch

groups（她和同事分析了先前其他研究小組收集的數據）”可推知，Gunasekaram團隊是通過分析現有的關于黑

猩猩的數據進行研究的。故選B。

3.推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段"Ourinterpretationisthatthesecomplextoolsetsarereallyinventedby

perhapsbuildingonasimplerformfrombefore,andthereforetheyhavetodependontransmissionbyfemales

fromthecommunitiesthatinventedtheminitiallytotheothercommunities（我們的解釋是，這些復雜的工具可能

是在以前的簡單形式的基礎上創造出來的，因此它們必須依賴于最初發明它們的社區的女性向其他社區的

傳播）”可推知，黑猩猩使用復雜工具是因群體間的相互交流所致。故選D。

4.主旨大意題。根據第——段“Wildchimpanzeesseemtolearnskillsfromeachotherandthen——muchashumans

do—improveonthosetechniquesfromonegenerationtothenext.（野生黑猩猩似乎彼止匕學習技能，然后----就

像人類一樣---將這些技術從一代代改進下去）“根據文章第二段“Inparticular,youngfemalesthatmigrate（遷

徙）betweengroupsbringtheirculturalknowledgewiththem,andgroupscancombinenewtechniqueswith

existingonestogetbetteratsearchingforfood.（特別是，遷徙的年輕雌性帶來了文化知識，群體可以將新技術

與現有技術結合起來，更好地尋找食物）”并結合全文內容可知，本文主要講述了雌性黑猩猩在文化傳播中的

角色。故選D。

Passage4

[2025安徽省合肥市高三上學期第一次教學質量檢測]

Itmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatdogsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleasconservationists.For

centuries,theyhavebeenknownasman'sbestfriends.Now,theirunique,abilitiesarebeingmadeuseoftohelp

protectsomeoftheworld'smostthreatenedspecies.

Quickandloyal,dogspossessmanyqualitiesthatmakethemidealforfieldwork,butifstheirextraordinary

senseofsmellthatmakestheminvaluableforconservationwork.Witharound220millionolfactoryreceptors（嗅覺

受體）comparedtojust5millioninhumans,dogscandetectscents（氣味）andanalyzethemwithastonishing

accuracy,devoting40timesmoreoftheirbraintoscentanalysisthanwedo.

Thankstothisincredibleability,somedogsarenowbeingtrainedtosaveat-riskanimalsbysniffing（嗅）out

theirdroppings.AttheUniversityofWashington'sConservationCannesfacility,20speciallytraineddogshave

successfullytrackedkillerwhaledroppings,whichonlyfloatbrieflyontheocean'ssurface.Analyzingthese

samplesenablesscientiststomonitorthehealthofkillerwhalepopulations,whichareundersignificantstressfrom

foodshortages,pollution,andboattraffic.

Beyondtrackinganimaldroppings,conservationdogsarealsotrainedforliveanimaldetection,further

showcasingtheirabilities.Theycanlocaterarespeciesintheirnaturalhabitats.Additionally,theyarenowusedto

tacklethenon-nativespeciesthatthreatenthesurvivalofthelocalwildlife.Dogsalsotakeonotherimportantroles.

Forexample,atKenya5sMombasaport,dogssniffoutillegalwildlifeproductssuchasrhinohornsandivory.

AcrossAfrica,theyworkonthefrontlinesagainstillegalhunting,servingasapowerfulsecurityforceenhancer.

Whiledogsmaynotbetheultimatesolutiontoeveryconservationchallenge,theirincomparableabilities

maketheminvaluablecompanionsinthefighttoprotectourplanet'sbiodiversity.

1.Whyarethefiguresmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

A.Tohighlightthesuperiorityofdogs,senseofsmell.

B.Tosuggesttheamazingaccuracyofdogs'analysis.

C.Torecognizetheimportanceofconservationwork.

D.Toshowdogs5impressiveachievementsinfieldwork.

2.Howdodogshelpprotectkillerwhales?

A.Bytrackingtheirmovements.

B.Bydetectingtheirdroppings.

C.Bymonitoringtheirpopulations.

D.Byanalyzingthecollectedsamples.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph4?

A.WildlifeproductsarepopularinAfricancountries.

B.Non-nativespeciesaffectthesurvivaloflocalwildlife.

C.Dogsareusedtodetectandpreventillegalwildlifetrade.

D.Dogscanaccuratelylocatethenaturalhabitatsofrarespecies.

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toappealtopeopletoprotectbiodiversity.

B.Toreportvariousenvironmentalchallenges.

C.Tointroducedogs5rolesinconservationefforts.

D.Toprovetheconventionalclaimofdogs'qualities.

【答案】LA2.B3.C4.C

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是狗憑借其卓越的嗅覺能力，在保護瀕危物種、打擊非法野

生動物交易等方面發揮重要作用，成為生態保護中的寶貴助手。

1.推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Witharound220millionolfactoryreceptors（嗅覺受體）comparedtojust5

millioninhumans,dogscandetectscents（氣味）andanalyzethemwithastonishingaccuracy,devoting40times

moreoftheirbraintoscentanalysisthanwedo.（狗擁有大約2.2億個嗅覺受體，而人類僅有500萬個，狗能以

驚人的準確性檢測和分析氣味，它們用于氣味分析的大腦部分比人類多出40倍。）”可知，本段使用了具體

的數字來比較狗和人類的嗅覺受體數量以及大腦用于分析氣味的比例，以此突出狗的嗅覺能力遠超人類。

故選A項。

2.細節理解題。根據第三段中的"AttheUniversityofWashington'sConservationCaninesfacility,20specially

traineddogshavesuccessfullytrackedkillerwhaledroppings,whichonlyfloatbrieflyontheocean'ssurface.

Analyzingthesesamplesenablesscientiststomonitorthehealthofkillerwhalepopulations,whichareunder

significantstressfromfoodshortages,pollution,andboattraffic.（在華盛頓大學的保護犬設施，20只特別訓練的

狗己經成功追蹤到了虎鯨的糞便，這些糞便僅在海面上短暫漂浮。分析這些樣本使科學家能夠監測虎鯨種

群的健康狀況，這些種群正因食物短缺、污染和船只交通而承受著巨大的壓力。）”可知，經過特別訓練的狗

可以追蹤到虎鯨的糞便，進而科學家分析這些糞便樣本監測虎鯨種群的健康狀況，由此可知，通過嗅探虎

鯨的糞便幫助保護虎鯨。故選B項。

3.推理判斷題。根據第四段中的"Dogsalsotakeonotherimportantroles.Forexample,atKenya'sMombasaport,

dogssniffoutillegalwildlifeproductssuchasrhinohornsandivory.AcrossAfrica,theyworkonthefrontlines

againstillegalhunting,servingasapowerfulsecurityforceenhance”狗還承擔著其他重要角色。例如，在肯尼

亞的蒙巴薩港，狗嗅探出非法的野生動物產品，如犀牛角和象牙。在整個非洲，它們在打擊非法狩獵的第

一線工作，充當強大的安保力量增強者。）”可知，狗還承擔其他重要的角色，進而在下文中列舉了狗嗅探出

非法的野生動物產品，由此可知，本段舉例說明狗在打擊非法野生動物交易方面的作用。故選C項。

4.推理判斷題。根據首段中的"Itmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatdogsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantrole

asconservationists.（你可能會驚訝地發現，狗作為保護者正發揮著越來越重要的作用。）”以及尾段“Whiledogs

maynotbetheultimatesolutiontoeveryconservationchallenge,theirincomparableabilitiesmaketheminvaluable

companionsinthefighttoprotectourplanet'sbiodiversity.（雖然狗可能不是解決每個保護挑戰的最終方案，但

它們無與倫比的能力使它們成為保護地球生物多樣性斗爭中不可或缺的伙伴。廣以及作者描述的狗在保護工

作中扮演的不同角色，包括追蹤動物排泄物、現場活體探測、定位稀有物種、應對威脅本地野生動物生存

的非本土物種、以及打擊非法狩獵等，由此可知，文章旨在向讀者介紹狗在保護生物多樣性方面所發揮的

重要作用。故選C項。

Passage5

[2025?浙江杭州?一模]

"Growingfruittreesisaverysimplewaytostayinlovewithourworld,9,saysVivianKeh,playwrightand

daughterofimmigrants,holdingabasketofpersimmons（柿子）she9scultivatedtofeelconnectedtoherKorean

ancestors.Kehisjustoneofthe50remarkablesubjectsinnaturalistwriterAmyStewaifsTheTreeCollectors:

TalesofArborealObsession,acollectionofportraitsofpeopletransformedbytheirloveoftrees.

Initially,treesstruckStewartasanoddthingtocollect.Intriguedbythiscommunityofenthusiasts,she

discoverededucators,preservationistsandvisionaries,alldrawntoakindofcurction,motivatedbyreasonsdiverse

astheirprojects.Theyplanttreesinpublicandprivatespacesbothmodestandexpansive,nurturing（培育）their

collectionstohonorbeloveddead,attractwildlife,preserverarespecies9connecttohistory,investinthefuture,

growfoodandcreatebeauty.

Stewardcategorizesthesetreecollectorsaccordingtotheirsenseofpurpose.KennethHoegh,oneofthe

book's"ecologists”,testswhichcold-lovingspeciesmightgrowinawarmingandhistoricallytreelessGreenland.

“Healer“JoeHamiltonplantsloblollypinesonaparceloflandhegotfromhisenslavedancestorswithaneye

towardlong-termsustainableforestrywhichhehopeswillestablishasourceofgenerationalwealthforhisfamily.

ReaganWytsalucyhasaplantorestoretraditionalpeachorchardsonNavajolandasoneofthe'"community

builders^^whoseektobringpeopletogether.

Addingtothebook'scharmareStewarfswatercolor5illustrations——shegivesUsalookateachofher

humansubjectswhilealsocatalogingthemostwonderfulqualitiesoffeaturedtrees,suchasSeussianeucalyptus

seedpodsanddelicatecamelliablossoms.

Afterspendingtimeinthisvariedcommonwealth,you'llundoubtedlyexperienceanintensedesiretorest

undertheshadeofaleafyoak.Butsomethingevendeeperishappeninghere:bycreatingaspaceforpeopletotalk

aboutsomethingtheylove."Howoftendoanyofusgetachancetopourourheartsouttoastranger?^^shewrites.

""Somehow,talkingabouttreesmadeitpossible.^^

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"curation“inparagraph2mean?

A.Connection.B.Collection.C.Treatment.D.Transformation,

2.Whatpurposeofplantingtreesismentionedinparagraph3?

A.Topreserverarespecies.B.Tohonorbeloveddead.

C.Todevelopnewvarieties.D.Tostrengthensocialbonds.

3.Whatdoesthequoteinthelastparagraphsuggestaboutdiscussingtrees?

A.Itinspiresnewideas.B.Itrarelyhappensinpublic.

C.Itallowsdeepemotionalsharing.D.Ithelpsresolveenvironmentalissues.

4.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthebook?

A.Complicated.B.Conventional.C.Inspiring.D.Intense.

【答案】l.B2.D3.C4,C

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了自然主義作家艾米?斯圖爾特的作品建以“

ArborealObsession,該書描繪了50位因對樹木的熱愛而改變的人物。

1.詞句猜測題。由文章第二段“Initially,treesstruckStewartasanoddthingtocollect.Intriguedbythis

communityofenthusiasts,shediscoverededucators,preservationistsandvisionaries,alldrawntoakindofcuration,

motivatedbyreasonsdiverseastheirprojects.（起初,斯圖爾特覺得收集樹木很奇怪。被這個愛好者群體所吸引，

她發現了教育工作者、保護主義者和夢想家，他們都被這一種—所吸引，其動機與他們的項目不同廠可知，

這里curation應指前一句中所提及的收集，所以猜測curation表"收集”的意思。故選B項。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段“，Healer，JoeHamiltonplantsloblollypinesonaparceloflandhegotfromhis

enslavedancestorswithaneyetowardlong-termsustainableforestrywhichhehopeswillestablishasourceof

generationalwealthforhisfamily.ReaganWytsalucyhasaplantorestoretraditionalpeachorchardsonNavajo

landasoneofthe"communitybuilders9whoseektobringpeopletogether.，治療師'喬?漢密爾頓在他從被奴役的

祖先那里獲得的一塊土地上種植火炬松，著眼于長期可持續的林業，他希望這將為他的家庭建立一代人的

財富來源。ReaganWytsalucy計劃恢復納瓦霍土地上的傳統桃園，作為尋求將人們聚集在一起的，社區建設

者，之一可知，第3段提到植樹是可以加強社會聯系的。故選D項。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段"'Howoftendoanyofusgetachancetopourourheartsouttoastranger?9she

writes.°Somehow,talkingabouttreesmadeitpossible」（她寫道：，我們中有多少人有機會向陌生人傾訴心聲？

不知何故，和樹聊天可以使這成為可能。了可知，和樹聊天可允許人們進行深度的情感分享。故選C項。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段"Afterspendingtimeinthisvariedcommonwealth,you,llundoubtedly

experienceanintensedesiretorestundertheshadeofaleafyoak.Butsomethingevendeeperishappeninghere:

bycreatingaspaceforpeopletotalkaboutsomethingtheylove.（在這個多樣化的聯邦度過一段時間后，你無疑

會強烈渴望在綠樹成蔭的橡樹下休息。但這里正在發生更深層次的事情：為人們創造一個談論他們喜歡的

事情的空間）”以及上下文可知，作者認為這本書鼓舞人心，會讓讀者愛上樹以及向往書里的生活。故選C

項。

高頻話題07人與社會一競技/比賽

Passage1

[2025福建省廈門市高中畢業班第一次質量檢測]

AttheParis2024Olympics,sportclimbingfeaturedtwomedaleventsformenandwomen:Speedanda

combinedBoulder&Leadevent.Behindthescenes,thereisacrucialbutoftenunseenfigure-MartinHammerer,

headoftheexperiencedteamresponsiblefortheLeadroutes,whohasbeensettingroutesinternationallysince

2007.

“Theactualdesigntookplaceattheclimbingwall.TheInternationalFederationofSportClimbing(IFSC)

pre-selectedthematerial,whichwethenusedtosettheroutes,9,Hammererexplainedwhenaskedabouthisworkin

Paris."Westartedwiththefinals-whichwasthehighlight-andworkedbackwardtothesemi-finals.After

completingaroute,wephotographedit,removedandstoredtheholdsforlateruse.”

Thefocusfortheroutesettersistoofferachallengingbutalsofaircompetition.Routesforthecombined

Boulder&Leadeventwerecarefullydesignedtoensurethatspecialistsinonedisciplinedidn'thaveanunfair

advantage."Ouraimistoofferabalancedcompetition,9,Hammerersaid."Forthepodiums(領獎臺)，theathletes

havetobereallystronginbothdisciplines.9,

Routesettingreliesheavilyontheteam'screativity.Thestylehaschangedoverthepast15years,with

today?srouteslooserandmoredynamic.ccThematerialsands