閱讀題型訓練：猜測詞義題一、總述:

猜測詞義題主要考查文章中出現的詞或詞組的意思。常見的考查方式為要求考生推測出生詞或者詞組的漢語意思、英語近義詞或者詞組的引申義。

在中學階段的英語閱讀考試中,主要考查對文章中生詞的理解。因此,我們在本學期的報紙中將重點向同學們介紹推測生詞含義的方法。

閱讀理解文章中對生詞的考查有的是考查影響文章理解的非常重要的超綱詞匯,還有的是考查一詞多義的單詞在文中的含義。二、方法介紹:

總的來說,推測生詞含義有兩種方法,即通過詞根詞綴和通過上下文來推測。1.通過詞根詞綴推測生詞的含義。

在英語中一個基本詞根加上各種不同的詞綴構成不同詞性或不同詞義的單詞,叫衍生詞。一般前綴改變詞義,后綴改變詞性。例如:(1)前綴表示否定的前綴un-:real真實的→unreal不真實的表示否定的前綴dis-:advantage優勢→disadvantage劣勢意為"再次"的前綴re-:appear出現→reappear再次出現(2)后綴將動詞變成名詞的后綴-er:workv.工作→workern.工人將動詞變成形容詞的后綴-able:drinkv.喝→drinkableadj.能飲用的將名詞變成形容詞的后綴-ous:couragen.勇氣→courageousadj.勇敢的2.通過上下文推測生詞的含義。

常用的通過上下文來推測生詞含義的方法有四種,即同義法、反義法、邏輯法和常識法。(1)同義法:利用定義或解釋來推測生詞的意思。①用動詞be,mean或詞組referto給出前面生詞的含義。例如:Facilityisaplaceusedforaparticularpurposeoractivity,usuallyincludingbuildings.(facility供特定用途的場所)②通過舉例的方法給出生詞的含義。例如:Afteradayofhunting,Haroldwasravenous.Yesterday,forexample,heatetwobowlsofsoup,salad,alargechicken,andapieceofchocolatecakebeforehewasfinallysatisfied.(ravenous饑餓的)③通過生詞后括號內或者破折號后的內容給出生詞的含義。例如:Theyendedinadraw(Tofinishagamewithouteitherteamwinning).(endinadraw雙方打成平手)④通過生詞的同位語或定語給出生詞的含義。例如:He’sadentist,that’stosay,apersonwhosejobistotakecareofpeople’steeth.(dentist牙醫)(2)反義法:通過后面表示轉折意思或者對比關系的詞來推測生詞的意思。在閱讀過程中,如有表示轉折的詞but,though,however等和表示對比關系的詞或表達unlike,differentfrom,onthecontrary等出現,那就表明這些詞語的前后就是兩個完全相反的概念。例如:Heisapunctualboy,buthewaslatethismorning.(punctual守時的)(3)邏輯法:利用句子間的類比、因果、遞進等邏輯關系推測生詞含義的方法。表示類比的詞或表達有thesameas,similarly,inthesameway等；表示因果關系的詞或表達有asaresult,therefore,because,so,consequently,dueto等；表示遞進關系的詞或表達有andthen,even,infact等。例如:TheEnglishclasswasdelayedbecausetheteacherwasill.(delay推遲)(4)常識法:利用科普知識和生活常識推測生詞含義的方法。例如:Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.(根據蛇的生活習性,我們能夠推斷出slither的意思為"爬行"。)三、常見的提問方式:

1.Theunderlinedword"land"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"_______".2.Theexpression"negativepicture"mostprobablymeans"_______".3.Theunderlinedword"victory"inPara-graph5means"________".4.Theword"delay"inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby"________".5.Theword"passionate"inthemiddleofthepassageistheclosestinmeaningto"_______".真題重現:例1:...Formanycenturiesandinallcountries,peoplehavestudiedtheweatherandtriedtomakeweatherforecasting.Ringsaroundthesunareasignofwetweather.Thatmanypeoplefeeltheirjoints(關節)hurtisasignofwetweather.Somebirdsflyhighiffineweatheriscoming,buttheyflynearthegroundifrainyorstormyweatherisontheway.Ifyouseearain-bowduringrainyweather,thisisasignthattheweatherwillbecomeclearandfine.Suchrainbowscomeintheevening...(宿遷市中考題閱讀理解A篇)Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedheretoreplace(取代)theunderlinedphrase"ontheway"?A.awayB.goneC.disappearingD.coming解析:

在本段第四句的前半句我們得知當好天氣來臨的時候,一些鳥會飛得很高。后半句用一個轉折詞表示反義,即壞天氣的時候這些鳥會有怎樣的表現。因此,我們可以推斷出后半句的ontheway和前半句的coming意思是一樣的。因此,正確答案為D。例2:Onedaywhensomegovernmentofficialswererebuildingabarn(谷倉),theyfoundamouseholeinacornerandusedsmoketoforcethemiceinsidetheholetocomeout.Awhilelatertheyindeedsawmicerunningout,oneafteranother.Then,everyonethoughtthatallthemicehadescaped.Butjustastheybegantocleanup,theysawtwomicesqueezing(擠)outatthemouthofthehole.Withsomeefforts,themicefinallygotout.However,itwasstrangethataftertheycameoutofthehole,theydidnotrunawayimmediately.Instead,onechasedaftertheothernearthemouthofthehole.Itseemedthatonewastryingtobite(咬)thetailoftheother.Everyonewaspuzzled,sotheysteppednearertotakealook.Theyrealizedthatoneofthemicewasblindandcouldnotseeanything,andtheotherwastryingtoallowtheblindmousetobiteonhistailsothathecouldpulltheblindonewithhimtoescape.Afterseeingwhathappened,everyonewasspeechlessandlostinthought.Duringthemealtime,thegroupofpeoplesatdowninacircleandstartedtochataboutwhathappenedtothetwomice.OneseriousAmericanofficialsaid,"Ithinktherelationshipbetweenthosetwomicewasthatofkingandguard."Theothersthoughtforawhileandsaid,"Thatwaswhy!"AsmartFrenchsaid,"Ithinktherelationshipbetweenthetwomicewasthatofhusbandandwife."Againtheothersthoughtforawhile,andallfeltitmadesense...(武漢市中考題閱讀理解C篇)"itmadesense"probablymeans_______.A.itwascorrectB.itwasstrangeC.itwasfunnyD.itwassweet

解析:

根據前面兩段的描述,我們可以推測出這兩只老鼠的關系很密切。在第四段一位美國官員猜測它們是皇帝和侍衛的關系,其他官員表示有這種可能。接著,在第五段一位法國官員推測它們是夫妻關系,這也是有可能的。這時,我們就可以猜測出itmadesense和前面的thatwaswhy有相似的意思,即都表示有這種可能。因此,正確答案為A。例3:Ineverylittlegirl’stoybox,theremightbeaBarbieDoll.Barbieis50yearsoldthisyear.Itwasdesignedin1959byanAmericanbusinesswomannamedRuthHandler.SheandherhusbandElliottstartedthetoycompanyMattel.ShenamedthenewdollaftertheirdaughterBarbara.ThefirstBarbieDollappearedatthetoyfair(交易會)inNewYorkonMarch9th,1959.ThisdateisusedasBarbie’sbirth-day.MattelsoldthreehundredthousandBarbieDollsinthefirstyearatapriceofthreedollars.Today,afifty-year-oldBarbieingoodconditionmightcostmorethantwenty-seventhousanddollars.Mattelsays90%ofthegirlsintheUnitedStatesagedfromthreetotenownatleastoneBarbieDoll.Andgirlsagedthreetosixownaverage(平均)ofabouttwelve.WhenMattelcreatedBarbieDollshalfacenturyago,theyneverthoughtthisdollwouldbecomealegend.NowBarbieDollsarefamousallovertheworld.Theyaresoldinonehundredandfiftycountries,andeverysecondthreeBarbieDollsaresoldaroundtheworld.(福州市中考題閱讀理解B篇)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"legend"meaninthepassage?A.傳播B.傳奇C.傳承D.傳述解析:

根據前面幾段的敘述,由BarbieDolls誕生到現在的銷售、購買者的年齡以及它經久不衰的流行度可推知這是個傳奇。因此,正確答案為B。小試牛刀

Youshouldhavemanythingstohaveagoodlife.Motivationisanimportantone.

Whatismotivation?Motivationissomethingthatallowsyoutogoafterandgetwhatyouwantinlife.Youneedmotivationwhenyoudomanythingsinlife.Forexample,ifyouwanttochangeyourcharacter,tostartanewhabitortobe-comeabetterchild,youneedmotivation.

Sohowcanyoudevelopmotivation?Hereareafewthingsthatyoushoulddo:1.Payattentiontoonegoal1atatime.

Youshouldmakesurethatyourshort-te