個體差異和相對職業應付

Individual-Difference

VariablesandCareer-RelatedCoping

DEBUSEROTONDO

DepartmentofManagement

SalisburyStateUniversityTheJournalofSocialPsychologyVol.139No.4,August1999引言組織精簡和重組的影響生涯平臺人力資源的主要挑戰研究主題TheeffectsofdownsizingandrestructuringAcareerplateauThemajorhuman-resourcechallengeMyresearchcenter應付職業平臺

CopingWithaCareerPlateau介紹相對生涯應付策略個體差異變量假設IntroductionCareer-RelatedCopingStrategiesIndividual-DifferenceVariableHypothesis介紹職業壓力已經做過的研究應付是什么？常用模式CareerStressTheresearchbeingdoneWhatisCopingThepatternrecognizedbyElsassandRaslton相對生涯應付策略

Career-RelatedCopingStrategies積極策略問題中心情感中心消極策略PositiveStrategiesproblem-focusedemotionfocusednegative問題中心

problem-focused什么是問題中心應付問題中心橫向轉移新工作作為導師成為功能或技術專家在團隊中工作WhatisProblem-focusedCopingProblem-focusedlateraltransfersnewjobdutiesMentorsTechnicalexpertsWorkonspecialprojectsorteams情感中心

emotionfocused什么是情感中心情感中心社會支持事業重估WhatisemotionfocusedEmotionfocusedsocialsupportingreappraisal消極策略

negativestrategies情感中心消極策略抱怨組織和管理者降低工作質量和數量使用酒精和藥品離開AllemotionfocusedNegativestrategiesblamingtheorganizationReducingthequalityorquantityofthetheirworkUseofalcoholordrugsLeavetheorganization個體差異變量

Individual-DifferenceVariables成就感工作態度消極情感年齡工齡性別種族NeedforachievementJobinvolvementNegativeaffectivityAgeTenureGenderRace假設

hypothesis假設1成就感假設2工作態度假設3消極情感假設4年齡和工齡Hypothesis1needforachievementHypothesis2jobinvolvementHypotheses3negativeaffectivityHypotheses4ageandtenure假設1

hypothesis1什么是成就感成就感與積極策略正相關，與消極策略負相關。NeedforachievementHighneedforachievementwillbeassociatedwiththeuseofpositivestrategiesandnegativelyassociatedwiththeuseofnegativestrategies假設2

hypothesis2工作態度工作態度與積極策略正相關，與消極策略負相關JobinvolvementHighjobinvolvementwillbepositivelyassociatedwiththeuseofpositivestrategiesandnegativelyassociatedwiththeuseofnegativestrategies假設3

hypothesis3消極情感消極情感與積極策略負相關，與消極策略負相關。Negativeaffectivity(NA)NAwillbenegativelyassociatedwiththeuseofpositivestrategiesandpositivelyassociatedwiththeuseofnegativestrategies假設4

hypothesis4年齡和工齡雇員的年齡和工齡與積極政策正相關，與消極政策負相關。AgeandtenureEmployageandtenurewillbepositivelyassociatedwiththepositivestrategiesandnegativelyassociatedwiththenegativestrategies總結目標SummaryThegoalofmyresearch方法

Method參與者測量分析方法

回歸分析ParticipantsMeasuresRegressionanalysis參與者

participants水處理設備公司450-224-120Perceptionmeasures我想我處于生涯平臺性別，種族比例Water-treatmentfacility450-224-120PerceptionmeasuresIbelieveIhavereachedacareerplateauTheproportionofgenderandrace測量

measure成就感工作態度消極情感年齡和工齡個體差異和應付策略NeedforachievementJobinvolvementNegativeaffectivityAgeandtenureCopingstrategies成就感

needforachievement量表5個問題，7維樣題

我采取適度冒險，并且總是瞄準工作以備進步。相關系數A5-itemscaleA7-pointLiken-typescaleofagreementAsampleitemItakemoderaterisksandstickmyneckoutatworktogetahead.Coefficientalpha工作態度

jobinvolvement量表3個問題，7維樣題我以工作為生命。相關系數3-itemscale7-pointagreementscaleAsampleitemIlive,eat,andbreathemyjob.Coefficientalpha消極情感

negativeaffectivity量表21個問題，7維樣題一次尷尬經歷可以讓我焦慮好幾天。相關系數21-itemscale7-pointagreementscaleAsampleexamAfteranembarrassingexperience,Iworriedaboutitfordays.Coefficientalpha年齡和工齡

ageandtenure年齡從22歲到65歲工齡從一年到25年AgeFrom22to65yearsTenureFrom1to25years應付策略

copingstrategies四維量表完全不同意到完全同意樣題A4-pointscaleFromnottrueatalltocompletelytrueSampleitems樣題

sampleitems我做橫向轉移我向同事，朋友，家人訴說工作進展。我決定不再那么看重晉升的事情。Ihavetakenalateraltransfer.Ihavetalkedwithfriendsaboutmycareerprogress.Ihavedecidedtomakepromotionlessofapriorityinmylife結果

results表一表明了在該研究中所有變量的相關系數。Table1representsthecorrelationbetweenallofthevariablesinthisstudy.表二表明個體差異與積極策略之間的關系。Table2containstheresultsoftheregressionanalyses,testingtheassociationsbetweentheindividual-differencevariablesandthe7positivecopingstrategies.表三表明個體差異與消極策略之間的關系。Table3presentsthesameanalysesforthe6negativecopingstrategies.總結

假設1得到了強烈支持，成就感高的人，明顯使用積極策略多余消極策略。Hypothesis1receivedgoodsupportinthatneedforachievementwassignificantlyassociatedwiththeuseofmorepositiveandlessnegativestrategies.假設2在工作態度方面得到了比較模糊的支持。Hypothesis2receivedverymarginalsupportinthatjobinvolvement.假設3在消極情感方面的到了較好的支持，消極情感高的人更多的使用消極策略而不是積極策略。(除了更多的使用對工作的重估）Negativeaffectivewasassociatedwithlessuseofpositivestrategiesandgreateruseofnegativestrategies(theexceptionbeinggreateruseofreappraisal).對于假設4的有限支持年齡和工齡Ifoundlimitedsupportforhypothesis4.Ageandtenure

討論成就感結論作用討論工作態度不是一個非常有用的變量兩個情感因素作用討論Notausefulpersonalityvariableinthecontextofthecopingstrategies.Thetwosstrategiesareemotionfocusedinnature.討論消極情感有用變量建議關于重估策略BeusefuldataSuggestionThevalueofreappraisalasapositivecopingstrategiesmaybeinquestionforplateauedemployees.討論年齡和工齡原因結果討論謝謝PPT制作：趙樹賢9、春去春又回，新桃換舊符。在那桃花盛開的地方，在這醉人芬芳的季節，愿你生活像春天一樣陽光，心情像桃花一樣美麗，日子像桃子一樣甜蜜。4月-254月-25Wednesday,April9,202510、人的志向通常和他們的能力成正比例。23:10:3423:10:3423:104/9/202511:10:34PM11、夫學須志也，才須學也，非學無以廣才，非志無以成學。4月-2523:10:3423:10Apr-2509-Apr-2512、越是無能的人，越喜歡挑剔別人的錯兒。23:10:3423:10:3423:10We