GettingtoKnowNewPeopleUnit

1新發(fā)展英語1Title/TopicGettingtoKnowNewPeoplePhoneticsThepronunciationofvowellettersinopensyllablesFunctionalLanguageHowtoexpressthedesiretogettoknowsomeoneormakenewfriendsPlanoftheUnit123Listening

SpeakingCONTENTSSectionAPhoneticsSectionBSentencesandConversationsSectionCPassagesSectionAFunctionalLanguageSectionBDialoguesSectionCSituationalCommunicationListeningPartISectionAPhoneticsListeningPARTIForeachgroupofthefollowingwords,theunderlinedpartofonewordispronounceddifferentlyfromthoseoftheotherwords.Listencarefullyandpickitout.1.A.place B.cake C.grape D.have2.A.give B.like C.bike D.tide3.A.note B.those C.love D.hope4.A.use B.rule C.mule D.cute5.A.compete B.defense C.these D.deleteSectionBSentencesandConversationsListeningPARTIInthissection,youwillhearsomeshortsentencesandconversations.Attheendofeachsentenceorconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhathasbeensaid.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.1. A.Thatmanateherbanana. B.Thatmanishermanager. C.Thatmanmaybehernewboss. D.Thatmanisatthetopofthegroup.ScriptSectionBSentencesandConversationsListeningPARTI2. A.Sheknowsthatman. B.Heisstandingtoherright. C.Shelikesthecolorofthatman’seyes. D.Heisheridealman.ScriptSectionBSentencesandConversationsListeningPARTI3. A.InMicrosoft. B.Inasoapcompany. C.Inasupermarket. D.Inasmallshop.ScriptSectionBSentencesandConversationsListeningPARTI4 A.They’vebeenfriendsforalongtime. B.Theymeteachothersomewhereelsebefore. C.Theydidn’tknoweachotherbefore. D.Theydon’twanttoknoweachother.ScriptSectionBSentencesandConversationsListeningPARTI5. A.4years. B.14years. C.40years. D.44years.ScriptSectionCPassagesListeningPARTIExerciseOne

Inthissection,youwilllistentoashortpassagetwice.Forthefirsttime,listenandgetthemainidea.Andforthesecondtime,fillintheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.Sometimes,whenyouwantto1)

someone,youhavetodosothroughanintroducerwhocanintroducetwoormorepeopletoeachotherorally.Thoughitseems2)

,therearerulestofollow.Firstofall,theintroducershouldbe3)

anddecentbothintheirattitudeandbehavior.Secondly,theintroducershouldmakesurethatthetwosidesare4)

toknoweachotherbeforetheintroductioninordertoavoidembarrassment.Therefore,itisnecessarytogetpeople’s5)

beforehand.

knowsimplepolitewillingapprovalScriptSectionCPassagesListeningPARTIExerciseTwo

Inthisexercise,youwillhearashortpassage.Afterthepassage,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhathasbeensaid.Listencarefullyandwritedowneachquestionwhichwillbespokentwice.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.1.______________________________________________________?A.Throughintroducers. B.Bychance.C.Throughsharedinterests. D.Throughactivities.2.________________________________________________________?A.Throughfriends. B.Bychance.C.Throughself-introduction. D.Throughactivities.HowdostrangersoftengettoknoweachotherWhentherearenointroducers,howdostrangersgettoknoweachotherSectionCPassagesListeningPARTIExerciseTwo

Inthisexercise,youwillhearashortpassage.Afterthepassage,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhathasbeensaid.Listencarefullyandwritedowneachquestionwhichwillbespokentwice.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.3.________________________________________________________?A.Yourhobbies. B.Yourfamily. C.Yourname. D.Yourfriends.Whatshouldyousaytothepersonyouwanttoknowattheverybeginning4.________________________________________________________?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.Howmanyformsofself-introductionarethereSectionCPassagesListeningPARTIExerciseTwo

Inthisexercise,youwillhearashortpassage.Afterthepassage,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhathasbeensaid.Listencarefullyandwritedowneachquestionwhichwillbespokentwice.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.5.________________________________________________________?A.Whenwehavedifferentjobs.B.Whenwehavedifferentsocialstatus.C.Whenwearefromdifferentcountries.D.Whenwehavedifferenthobbies.Whenshouldweusetheformalformofself-introductionScriptSpeakingPartIISectionAFunctionalLanguageSpeakingPARTIIListmoreexpressionsyouhavelearnedfromtheabovesections.Howtoexpressthatyouwanttoknowsomeone:Ireallywanttoknow/meet...Doyouknow...?I’dliketoknow/meet...HowcanIgettoknow...?Canyoudomeafavortointroduce...tome?Wouldyoumindintroducing...tome?IhopeIcan...Canyouintroduce...?_________________________________Howtoreplytoormakeanintroductionforsomeone:Inthatcase,letmeintroduceyoutohim.Iknowhim.MaybeIcandotheintroductionforyou.OK!Letmehelpyou.OK!I’mgladthatIcanhelpyou.Really?ThenIcanhelpyou.ItmaybeagoodideathatImaketheintroductionforyou.Yes,Iknow...Doyouwantmetodotheintroductionforyou?Sorry,Idon’tknowhim.________________________________SectionAFunctionalLanguageSpeakingPARTIIListmoreexpressionsyouhavelearnedfromtheabovesections.Howtogreetpeoplewhenyouareintroduced:Nicetomeetyou.I’m...I’mgladtomeetyou,...Howdoyoudo?Hi/Hello!Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.I’mdelighted/happytomeetyou.Hi,there.Hownicetomeetyou!Howtointroduceyourselfandgettoknownewpeople:Hello,I’m...Thisismybusinesscard(名片).TomBlack!Nicetomeetyou.MayIknowyourname?Mynameis...Excuseme,butaren’tyou...Havewemetsomewherebefore?I’m...MayIintroducemyself?Howdoyoudo?I’mHansonSmith.I’mDavidAnderson.Idon’tbelieveI’vehadthepleasure...TobecontinuedSectionAFunctionalLanguageSpeakingPARTIIListmoreexpressionsyouhavelearnedfromtheabovesections.Howtogreetpeoplewhenyouareintroduced:I’veheardsomuchaboutyou....hastoldmeallaboutyou.I’vebeenwantingtomeetyouforsometime.I’mdelightedtomakeyouracquaintance.It’saprivilegetoknowyou.

Howtointroduceyourselfandgettoknownewpeople:Firstletmeintroducemyself.I’mPeterWhite,productionmanager.MynameisDavid.Iworkinthemarketingdepartment.

SectionBDialoguesSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,therearethreeincompletedialogues.ForeachdialoguetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthedialogue.1.—Hello,Tom.

—Sorry,Idon’tknowhim.A.Doyouknowanybodyhere?B.Canyouintroducemetothatman?C.DoyouthinkMaryknowsthatman?D.Whowouldyouliketoknow?SectionBDialoguesSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,therearethreeincompletedialogues.ForeachdialoguetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthedialogue.—M:Haven’twemetsomewhere?—W:(1)—M:Aren’tyouCathyGrant?—W:No,myname’sPat.PatBlack.—M:(2)A.(1)Yes,Idon’tthinkso. (2)I’msorry.Iwaspositivewe’dmetbefore.B.(1)No,Idon’tthinkso. (2)That’sallright.C.(1)No,Idon’tthinkso. (2)I’msorry.Iwaspositivewe’dmetbefore.D.(1)Youmadeamistake. (2)That’sallright.2.SectionBDialoguesSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,therearethreeincompletedialogues.ForeachdialoguetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthedialogue.—M:(1)—W:Yes,Ithinkwedo.—M:(2)—W:Hi.I’mAnnWilliams.I’minmarketing.A.(1)Hi!Don’tweworkinthesamebuilding?(2)I’mPeterJames.I’minaccounting.B.(1)Weworkinthesamebuilding. (2)I’mPeterJames.C.(1)Hi!Don’tweworkinthesamebuilding? (2)I’minaccounting.D.(1)Doyouworkinthisbuilding? (2)AreyouGraceWang?3.SectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,youwilllearntousetheaboveexpressionsforstatingyourwishtoknowsomeoneorthefactthatyouonceknewsomeone.Yourclassmate,Jenny,needssomeinformationaboutIBMbecauseshewantstoapplyforajobthere.SheknowsthatyourfriendMaryisworkinginIBM.SosheasksyoutointroducehertoMary.Howdoyoureplytoherrequest?你的同學(xué)珍妮想應(yīng)聘到IBM工作。她想認(rèn)識(shí)你在IBM工作的朋友瑪麗，以獲得一些相關(guān)信息。你該如何回復(fù)她的請(qǐng)求呢？Jenny:Youknow,IwanttoapplyforajobinIBM.DidyousayyourfriendMarywasworkingthere?Canyouintroducemetoher?It’llreallyhelp.Yourreply:Phase1:Workinpairsandgiveexpressionsforthefollowingsituations.ExampleSectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,youwilllearntousetheaboveexpressionsforstatingyourwishtoknowsomeoneorthefactthatyouonceknewsomeone.Suggestedexpressions:1OK!Letmeintroduceyoutoher.2OK!I’mgladthatIcanhelpyou.Phase1:Workinpairsandgiveexpressionsforthefollowingsituations.SectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,youwilllearntousetheaboveexpressionsforstatingyourwishtoknowsomeoneorthefactthatyouonceknewsomeone.1.Thelecturerinaseminarisveryknowledgeable.Andyourfriendwantsverymuchtogettoknowhim.Ithappensthatyouknowthelecturer.Howdoyourespondtohisrequest?

研討會(huì)上的演講者知識(shí)淵博，你的朋友很想認(rèn)識(shí)他。碰巧你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)演講者，你應(yīng)該

如何答復(fù)你朋友呢？Yourfriend:Thatlecturerisreallyknowledgeable.IwishIcouldmeethim.Yourreply:Phase1:Workinpairsandgiveexpressionsforthefollowingsituations.Oh,that’sJackBrown,myroommateintheuniversity.MaybeIcandotheintroduction

foryou.SectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,youwilllearntousetheaboveexpressionsforstatingyourwishtoknowsomeoneorthefactthatyouonceknewsomeone.2.Ataparty,youhavebroughtacolleague,whomyourfriendwantstoknow.Howdoyoureplytohis/herrequest?

在一次宴會(huì)上，你帶來了一個(gè)同事。你的朋友想認(rèn)識(shí)她，你該如何回答？Yourfriend:Hey!Canyouintroducemetothegirlwhocameherewithyou?Sheissolovely.Yourreply:Phase1:Workinpairsandgiveexpressionsforthefollowingsituations.YoumeanMary?Noproblem.ComewithmeandIwillintroduceyoutoher.SectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,youwilllearntousetheaboveexpressionsforstatingyourwishtoknowsomeoneorthefactthatyouonceknewsomeone.StudentAexpressesthewishtoknowthefollowingpeopleandStudentBgivesappropriatereplies.Remembertousethefunctionalexpressionsyou’velearned.Phase2:Workinpairsanddothefollowingexercises.1.ExampleStudentAwantstoknow:awomanwithapairofglassesA學(xué)生想認(rèn)識(shí)：戴著眼鏡的女士SectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,youwilllearntousetheaboveexpressionsforstatingyourwishtoknowsomeoneorthefactthatyouonceknewsomeone.Suggestedexpressions:1A:Iwouldliketogettoknowthewomanwithapairofglasses.Yousee?Thatbeautifulone!B:Thatwomanwasmyclassmateinhighschool.MaybeIcanintroduceyoutoher.Followme!2

A:IwonderifIcouldmeetthewomanwithapairofglasses.B:Iknowher.ItmaybeagoodideathatIdotheintroductionforyou.Phase2:Workinpairsanddothefollowingexercises.SectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,youwilllearntousetheaboveexpressionsforstatingyourwishtoknowsomeoneorthefactthatyouonceknewsomeone.StudentAwantstoknow:(1)agirlinred 一個(gè)穿紅色衣服的女孩(2)aladywithadoginherarms 一位抱著只狗的女士(3)amanwearingablueT-shirt 一位身穿藍(lán)色T恤的男士Phase2:Workinpairsanddothefollowingexercises.SectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTII(1)agirlinredA:Whoisthatgirlinred?Imighthavemethersomewhere.Canyouintroducemetoher?B:Sheismyclassmateandyoumusthaveseenherwhenyoucametomyclassroom.Ifyouwanttomeether,comewithme!I’llintroduceyoutoher.(2)aladywithadoginherarmsA:Lookatthatlady.Iwonderwhosheis.B:Oh,that’smyformerclassmate.Sheisapolicewoman.Canyoubelieveit?(3)amanwearingablueT-shirtA:IwonderwhetheryoucouldintroducemetothatmanwearingablueT-shirt.B:OK,letmehelpyou.IonceinvitedhimtomypartyandI’msureheremembersme.SectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,youwilllearntousetheaboveexpressionsforstatingyourwishtoknowsomeoneorthefactthatyouonceknewsomeone.2StudentAintroduceshimself/herselftoStudentB,andStudentBshouldrespondtotheintroductionandtrytomakeacompletedialogue.Thefollowingframeworkmaybeused:A:Idon’tbelievewehavemetbefore./Arewestudyinginthesameclass?...B:A:I’m/Mynameis...B:Phase2:Workinpairsanddothefollowingexercises.SectionCSituationalCommunicationSpeakingPARTIIInthissection,youwilllearntousetheaboveexpressionsforstatingyourwishtoknowsomeoneorthefactthatyouonceknewsomeone.STEP①Astateshis/herwishtogettoknowBinthegroup.STEP②AfindsCinthegrouptohelpintroducehim/hertotheB.STEP③Cmakestheintroduction.Phase3:Workingroupsofthreefollowingthedirectionsbelow.ScriptsSectionBSentencesandConversationsScriptsW:Iwonderwhothatmaninthemanager’sofficeis.Maybehe’sthenewtopbananaofourgroup.Q:Whatdoesshemean?1.BackSectionBSentencesandConversationsScriptsW:IwishIcouldgettoknowthatmanwithbeautifulblueeyes;heseemstobemyMr.Right.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.

BackSectionBSentencesandConversationsScriptsM:Hi,pleaseallowmetointroducemyself.I’mThomasJohnsonfromMicrosoft.W:Nicetomeetyou.I’mMichelleWhitefromIBM.Q:WheredoesThomasJohnsonwork?3.BackSectionBSentencesandConversationsScriptsM:Say,Idon’tthinkwe’vemet,havewe?W:No,Idon’tthinkso.Myname’sMarySmith.Q:Whatcanweknowfromthisconversation?4.

BackSectionBSentencesandConversationsScriptsM:Doyouknowwhothatknowledgeablemanis?IwonderifImighthavetheopportunitytomeethim.W:Oh,that’sJackWhite.Iknowhim.He’saprofessorwhohasbeenteachingforfourteenyearsintheUniversityofHongKong.Icanintroduceyoutohim.Q:HowlonghasJackWhitebeenteachingintheUniversityofHongKong?5.BackSectionCPassagesScriptsSometimes,whenyouwanttoknowsomeone,youhavetodosothroughanintroducerwhocanintroducetwoormorepeopletoeachotherorally.Thoughitseemssimple,therearerulestofollow.Firstofall,theintroducershouldbepoliteanddecentbothintheirattitudeandbehavior.Secondly,theintroducershouldmakesurethatthetwosidesarewillingtoknoweachotherbeforetheintroductioninordertoavoidembarrassment.Therefore,itisnecessarytogetpeople’sapprovalbeforehand.ExerciseOneBackSectionCPassagesScriptsWhenapersonwantstoknowsomeone,heoftendoessothroughothers’introduction,butinsomecircumstances,therearenointroducers,andthenself-introduction,whichcanbeverysimple,becomesnecessary.Youonlyhavetowalkuptotheoneyouwanttomeet,say“Hello!”tohimpolitely,tellhimyournameandintroduceyourselfbriefly.Thentheoneyouarespeakingtowillusuallyreacttoyourintroductioninapoliteway.Ofcourse,thereareformalandinformalformsofself-introduction.Whichoneshallwechoose?Itdepends.Ifthetwohavedifferentsocialstatus,theformalformshouldbeused.ExerciseTwoBackWordListPhrases&ExpressionsProperNames1Apleasantplacetoplacetheplanisaplacewheretheplanispleasedtobeplaced.2Asheatethecakesonhisplate,thegreedyapesaidasheate,thegreenergreengrapesare,thekeenerkeenapesaretohavegreengrapecakes,they’regreat!3LittleMikelefthisbikelikeTideatSpike’s.TongueTwistersTHEENDEnglishLanguageUnit2新發(fā)展英語1StudyFocus1.LearnaboutthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.2.Enlargeourvocabularyforexpressingdifferencesandsimilarities.3.Learntousethestructure“Thetruthisthat…”.4.ReviewtheknowledgeofSimpleSentence(簡單句)andCompoundSentence(并列句).5.ThinkaboutabadhabitinusingtheEnglishlanguage.

CONTENTS

IntensiveReadingSkillsBuildingFastReadingPartⅠPartⅡPartⅢPartⅠIntensiveReadingPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehension1.Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartners.

（1）DoyouthinkthatalltheEnglish-speakersspeakthesamelanguage?

（2）DoyouspeakBritishorAmericanEnglish?Aretheythesamelanguage?PartⅠ2.Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyandworkoutthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsandexpressions..(1)HepickedupalittleFrenchwhenhewastravelinginFrance.(2)Heisamanofprinciple(原則)andalwaysstickstowhathethinksisright.(3)Asthemonitorofhisclass,helaiddowntherulesofself-studyinclass.(4)HisfirstattemptatEnglishcompositionwaspoorandsoheisreallyafraidofwritinginEnglishnow.Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionPartⅠCulturalNotesNewWords

andPhrasesDetailedLearning

盧迪·林尼斯，愛爾蘭人，主修歷史和英語文學(xué)，自1998年以來，一直在中國工作和生活，曾在北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)過中文，擔(dān)任過英語教師、語言顧問、翻譯和雜志編輯等。目前任“中國旅游”（Synotrip）深圳城市經(jīng)理，兼任語言學(xué)習(xí)期刊《雙語時(shí)代》（BilingualTime）編輯。RudiLynesPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningBritishorAmericanEnglish?1.AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishexhibitdifferences,particularlyincolloquial

speech.Inprint,thedifferencesarenotgreat.Thecentralvocabularyisthesameinboth.ALondonerwhoreadsTheTimeswillfindnospecialdifficultyifhefliestheAtlanticandpicksup

TheNewYorkTimes.The“slant”(oremphasis)ofthenewswillnaturallybedifferent,butthelanguagehereadsisbasicallythesame.Pre-readingPreparation1.美式英語和英式英語有一些不同之處，特別是在口語中。在書面語中二者的差異并不大。它們的核心詞匯是相同的。一個(gè)讀《泰晤士報(bào)》的倫敦人，在飛越大西洋時(shí)能毫不費(fèi)力地隨手翻閱《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》。報(bào)紙上的新聞?dòng)^點(diǎn)（或重點(diǎn)）自然是各不相同，但他讀到的語言基本上是相同的。TranslationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning2.ForthosewhosefirstlanguageisnotEnglishthereare,however,somepuzzlingdifferences.Themostobviousisspelling.Inthedaysbeforeprint,communicationwashandwritingandeverymanspeltashechose.Printingchangedallthat;bythe18thcenturythegreatEnglishDictionary(1755)ofDr.Johnsonlaiddownastandardsetofspellingsthathasalteredlittletothepresentday.Translation2.但是對(duì)于那些母語不是英文的人來說，就會(huì)有一些令人迷惑的差異了。最明顯的是拼寫。在印刷技術(shù)出現(xiàn)之前，文字交流是靠手書寫的，每一個(gè)人都可以按自己的選擇拼寫。印刷技術(shù)完全改變了這一情況；到了18世紀(jì)，約翰遜博士的杰作《英語詞典》（1755）制定了一套拼寫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而且至今幾乎沒變。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning3.Thisspellingisnoteasy.Itispartlyphonetic,butonlypartly,andithasmanymaddeninginconsistencies.EvennativespeakersfindithardandchildrenwhospeaktheirnativeEnglishfluentlytakeyearstolearnhowtospelltheirownlanguage.Evenwell-educatedpeopleinBritainandAmericahavetoconsultthedictionarymoreoftenthantheygenerallyadmit!Translation3.這種拼寫并不簡單。它部分是根據(jù)發(fā)音而成，但僅僅是部分而已，而且有一些令人抓狂的矛盾之處。甚至以英語為母語的人也覺得它很難，連那些說一口流利英語的孩子們也要花好幾年的時(shí)間才能學(xué)會(huì)拼寫他們的母語。在英國和美國，甚至那些受過良好教育的人也不得不經(jīng)常查閱詞典，而且其頻率比他們通常承認(rèn)的要高得多。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning4.Therehavebeenmanyattemptsto“reform”Englishspelling.ThemostimportantspellingreformerwasanAmericanNoahWebster,whoin1828producedafranklynationalisticdictionary:AnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Mr.Websteraddedsomethousandsof“American”wordsthatwereunknowntoDr.Johnsonandhemountedanall-outassaultonthe“traditional”Englishwayofspelling.Translation4.曾出現(xiàn)過許多次“改革”英文拼寫的嘗試。最重要的拼寫改革家當(dāng)數(shù)美國的諾亞·韋伯斯特，他在1828年編纂了一本帶有不加掩飾的國家主義色彩的詞典——《美國英語詞典》。韋伯斯特先生增加了數(shù)以千計(jì)的“美語詞匯”，這些詞匯并不為約翰遜博士所知。而且，他還竭力攻擊“傳統(tǒng)”的英式拼寫。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning5.Why,heasked,shouldwespell“thumb”whenwedonotpronouncetheletter“b”?ButeventheAmericansofhistimeignoredhimanditremains“thumb”tothisdayinmoderneditionsofWebster.Translation5.他曾說：thumb（拇指）中的b不發(fā)音，為什么我們卻拼寫成thumb？但是，甚至他那個(gè)時(shí)代的美國人都對(duì)他不予理睬，所以直到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)代版的《韋伯斯特詞典》還是將“拇指”拼寫成thumb。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning6.However,Mr.Websterwastriumphantinotherwords.His“reformedspelling”ofEnglishin“-our”wordshaswontheday,“favor”,“l(fā)abor”,“honor”,replacingtheEnglish“favour”,“l(fā)abour”,“honour”.Similarly,AmericanEnglishspellswordslike“centre”,“theatre”,“calibre”as“center”,“theater”,and“caliber”.Translation6.然而，韋伯斯特先生卻成功地改革了其他的一些詞匯。他在-our的拼寫改革上就取得了成功。favor，labor，honor替代了（以前）英式英語中的favour，labour，honour。同樣，美式英語把諸如centre，theatre，calibre拼寫成center，theater，caliber。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning7.OneoftheotherwaysinwhichAmericanspellingdiffersfromtheBritishisinthetreatmentoftheletter“l(fā)”inthemiddleofaword.ThedifferenceisclearlyvisibleinAmericanExpresschecks.IftheyareissuedinUKpoundstheybearthetitle“Traveller’sCheque”;ifinUSdollars“Traveler’sCheck”.Fortunatelyatraderwillaccepteither!Ifthemoneyisgoodwhyworryaboutspelling?Translation7.美式拼寫與英式拼寫的另一個(gè)不同之處是在處理單詞中的字母l的問題上。這種不同在美國捷運(yùn)公司的支票上顯而易見。如果是以英國英鎊發(fā)行，那么它們就叫Traveller’sCheque,如果是以美國美元發(fā)行，那就是Traveler’sCheck。幸運(yùn)的是，商人會(huì)接受兩者中的任何一種！如果錢沒錯(cuò)，為什么要在乎它的拼寫呢？Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning8.Invocabularytherearealsonumerousdifferences.TheBritishtakea“l(fā)ift”totheupperfloorsofabuilding,theAmericansan“elevator”;Britishmotorcarshavea“bonnet”anda“boot”andareprotectedby“bumpers”,Americancarshavea“hood”anda“trunk”andareprotectedby“fenders”;Britishpassengerstravelinrailway“carriages”,Americansinrailway“cars”.Translation8.（美式英語和英式英語）在詞匯方面也有很多不同之處。英國人乘lift（電梯）到一棟建筑的高層，而美國人則乘elevator（電梯）；英國的機(jī)動(dòng)車有一個(gè)bonnet（引擎罩）和一個(gè)boot（行李箱）并且受bumpers（保險(xiǎn)杠）的保護(hù)；而美國汽車則有一個(gè)hood（引擎罩）和一個(gè)trunk（行李箱），并受fenders（保險(xiǎn)杠）的保護(hù)；英國乘客在鐵路上的carriages（車廂）中旅行，而美國人則乘坐在鐵路上的cars（車廂）里。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning9.AfterMr.Webster,themostinfluentialadvocateoftheseparatenessofAmericanEnglishwasH.L.Mencken,whosebookTheAmericanLanguagewasfirstpublishedin1919.ButtheevenmoreinfluentialmagazineTheNewYorker,firstpublishedin1925,insistedthatcontributors

conformtothestyleoftheH.W.Fowler’sveryBritishModernEnglishUsage.Translation9.在韋伯斯特先生之后，亨利·路易斯·門肯是提倡美式英語獨(dú)立性的最有影響的人物，他所著的《美國語言》于1919年首次出版。但是更有影響力的雜志《紐約客》——1925年首次發(fā)行——卻堅(jiān)持讓投稿者遵循亨利·沃森·福勒的《現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典》中那種帶有明顯英式英語特點(diǎn)的風(fēng)格。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning10.ThetruthisthattherearenumeroussmalldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanusages.Allmajorlanguagesshowthesamekindofregionalvariation.Itisinevitable.Thequestionis:Aretheyimportant?WiththespreadofEnglishasaninternationalmediumtheanswerseemstobe“notvery”.ThevariationsbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishareslightwhensetbesidewhatthetwohaveincommon.ReadersofEnglishanywherecanmovefromtheFinancialTimesorTheEconomist(publishedinEngland)toTimeortheReader’sDigest(publishedinAmerica),wellawarethattheyarereadingthesamelanguage.Translation10.事實(shí)上，英式英語和美式英語在用法上有許多細(xì)微的差異。所有的主要語言都有著同樣的地域性差異，這是不可避免的。但問題是：這些差異很重要嗎？隨著英語作為一種國際媒介被廣泛傳播，答案似乎是“不是很重要”。與它們的共同之處相比，美式英語和英式英語之間的差異只是微乎其微的。任何地方的英文讀者都既能讀《金融時(shí)報(bào)》和《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》（英國出版），也能讀《時(shí)代周刊》和《讀者文摘》（美國出版），并很清楚地知道，他們讀到的是同一種語言。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning11.Whichthentochoose?Usethevariantusedinyourcommunity.Thensticktoit.Donotmixthetwo.Translation11.那么該如何選擇呢？答案是使用你所在區(qū)域使用的語言，然后堅(jiān)持使用下去，不要混用。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning1.exhibit:vt.表現(xiàn)；展現(xiàn)a.Sheexhibitedpleasurebysmiling.她通過微笑表示高興。b.Theyoungmusiciansareeagertoexhibittheirtalent.年輕的音樂家們都極想展現(xiàn)他們的才能。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning2.colloquia