第1頁/共1頁2024學年第二學期高三第二次模擬考試英語（考試時間105分鐘,滿分115分。請將答案填涂在答題紙上）I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BabyHippo(河馬)inThailandGetsOfficialSongforWorldwideFansAbabyhippoinThailandbecamefamousearlierthisyearwhenzooworkerspublishedimagesandvideosofheronline.Nowthepygmyhippo(侏儒河馬),namedMooDeng,hasanofficialsongandvideoreleased_____1_____severallanguagesforherfansworldwide.MooDenglivesatKhaoKheowOpenZoo,southeastoftheThaicapital,Bangkok.ZooworkerAtthaponNundee_____2_____(post)sweetmomentsoftheanimal'slifeforthepastfewmonths.Duringthattime,thehippohasreceivedwidespreadattentiononsocialmedia.Fansoftheanimalhaveexpressed_____3_____theyenjoywatchingthepink-cheekedbabyactivelyinteractwithhermotherandotherzooworkers.MooDeng—whichmeans“bouncypork”inThai—isakindofmeatball.Thename,chosenbyfansonsocialmedia,issimilarto_____4_____ofhertwobrothers:MooToon(stewed(燉制的)pork)andMooWaan(sweetpork).MooDeng’spopularityhasspreadinternationallyandshehasgainedtheattentionofsomeprofessionalsportsteams.Fanssayhernamefitsherlivelypersonality.MooDenglikesto“deng”orbounce,andherbouncingbehaviorhasledtocountlessinternetmemes(表情包).Thewidespreadpublicityledawell-knownThaicomposer_____5_____(write)aspecialsongforMooDeng.Thelively50-secondsong,called,naturally,Moodeng,_____6_____(release)byoneofThailand’sbiggestrecordingcompanies.GMMMusiclastweek.Amusicvideo_____7_____goesalongwiththesongshowsthebabyhippobouncingaround,playingwithherkeeper,orspendingtimewithhermother,Jona.MooDengisnowfourmonthsold.Officialsestimatedthebabyhippohasbroughtinabout3,000to5,000visitorsadayonaverage_____8_____itbecamepopularonline.Thezoohasbeensellingclothes,beddingandotherproductsbasedonMooDeng.Thezoo’sdirector,NarongwitChodchoi,saidtheadditionalearningsfromMooDengwillhelpthezoo’s_____9_____(breed)programsformanyendangeredanimals,likethepygmyhippo,whichisthreatenedbyillegalhuntingandlossofhabitat.PygmyhipposarenativetoWostAfrica,butexpertssaythereareonly2,000-3,000ofthem______10______(leave)inthewild.AllfourversionsoftheMooDengsongareavailableonline.【答案】1.in2.hasbeenposting##hasposted3.how##that4.those5.towrite6.wasreleased7.that##which8.since9.breeding10.left【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了泰國一只侏儒河馬MooDeng因其可愛的形象在網絡上走紅，隨后獲得了廣泛的關注。【1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：如今，名為MooDeng的侏儒河馬已經擁有了一首官方歌曲及視頻，該作品以多種語言發布，供全球粉絲欣賞。“in+語言”表示“用某種語言”，此處inseverallanguages表示“用幾種語言”。故填in。【2題詳解】考查動詞時態。句意：過去幾個月里，動物園工作人員阿塔蓬·農迪（AtthaponNundee）一直在發布這只動物生活中的溫馨瞬間。根據時間狀語“forthepastfewmonths”可知，動作從過去開始持續到現在，且有可能繼續下去，所以可以用現在完成進行時，表示一直在做某事；也可以用現在完成時，強調過去的動作對現在造成的影響，即發布了動物生活的甜蜜時刻，使河馬受到了廣泛關注。主語為ZooworkerAtthaponNundee，助動詞用has。故填hasbeenposting/hasposted。【3題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：這只動物的粉絲們表示，他們非常喜歡看這只臉頰粉嫩的寶寶與她的媽媽和其他動物園工作人員積極互動。空處引導賓語從句，結構完整，意思也完整，所以可以用連接詞that引導；也可以用how，表示“他們是多么喜歡看……”，強調喜歡的程度，故填how/that。【4題詳解】考查代詞。句意：這個名字是由社交媒體上的粉絲們選出的，與她兩個兄弟的名字風格相似：MooToon（燉豬肉）和MooWaan（甜豬肉）。這里是在比較MooDeng的名字和她兩個兄弟的名字，thename是單數，而她兩個兄弟的名字是復數，所以用those指代“thenames”，避免重復，故填those。【5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：廣泛的宣傳促使一位著名的泰國作曲家為MooDeng創作了一首特別的歌曲。leadsb.todosth.是固定短語，意為“導致某人做某事；使某人做某事”。故填towrite。【6題詳解】考查動詞時態語態。句意：這首活潑的50秒歌曲，自然而然地被命名為《Moodeng》，由泰國最大的唱片公司之一發行。句子主語Thelively50-secondsong與release之間是被動關系，即這首歌被發布，且根據時間狀語“lastweek”可知，動作發生在過去，所以用一般過去時的被動語態was/were+過去分詞，主語是單數。故填wasreleased。【7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：與這首歌配套的音樂視頻展示了小河馬蹦蹦跳跳、與飼養員玩耍或與媽媽Jona相處的溫馨畫面。空處引導定語從句，先行詞Amusicvideo，指物，需用關系代詞which/that引導。故填which/that。【8題詳解】考查連詞。句意：官員們估計，自從這只小河馬在網絡上走紅以來，平均每天吸引了約3000至5000名游客前來參觀。表示“自從……以來”應用since引導時間狀語從句。故填since。【9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：動物園園長納隆威特·喬喬伊表示，MooDeng帶來的額外收入將幫助動物園開展許多瀕危動物的繁殖計劃，比如侏儒河馬就面臨著非法狩獵和棲息地喪失的威脅。空處需填形容詞作定語，修飾名詞programs。故填breeding。【10題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：侏儒河馬原產于西非，但專家表示，野外現存的侏儒河馬數量僅剩2000至3000頭。空處需填非謂語動詞作后置定語，only2,000-3,000ofthem和leave為邏輯動賓關系，需用過去分詞形式。故填left。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.cultivateB.dependenceC.generatingD.insufficientE.learnableF.predictorG.quittingH.restrictionI.underlyingJ.widespreadK.windTheImportanceofWillpowerNomatterwhatyourgoalsareinlife,willpowerisofgreatimportance.Willpowerisalsoofcriticalimportanceforbehavioralchange.Whetheryou’re___11___abadhabit,tryingtogetinshape,orstrugglingwithprocrastination(拖延癥),you’llneedwillpower.Ofcourse,I’mallaboutusingstrategiestoreduceour___12___onwillpower,butyoucannotremovetheneedforwillpowerentirely.Asteady,disciplineduseofwillpowermightseemlikea(n)___13___ofpersonalfreedom,butitisnot.If___14___willpowerleavesyouaslavetobadhabitsandaddictions,thenyou’renotreallyfree.Ifyoucan’tgatherthewillpowertoovercomeprocrastinationandearnabetterlifeforyourself,thenyou’renotreallyfree.To___15___truefreedom,you’llneedwillpower.Importantly,researchhasshownthatself-controlis___16___.Whenresearchersteachpeoplewithpoorself-controlthestrategiesusedbythosewithhighself-control,thepoorself-controlsubjectsimprove.Willpowerisnotfixed;itcanbedevelopedthroughstrategyandpractice.Peoplewholearntomasterwillpowerbecomeactiveagentsinlife,anddiscoverthattheyareresponse-ableineverysituation.Andthisappliestotheirbehaviorsaswellastheiremotions.WalterMischeldescribedself-controlas“the‘mastertalent’___17___emotionalintelligence,essentialforconstructingasatisfyinglife.”It’shardtofindanyonewhosaysthatwillpowerdoesn’tmatter.Yet,despitethe___18___agreementabouthowimportantwillpoweris,thereisverylittleagreementinthescientificcommunityabouthowwillpoweractuallyworks.WalterMischelisthemanbehindthefamous“marshmallow(棉花軟糖)test”andtheauthorofabookbythesamename.Hisresearchappearedtoshowthatyoungchildrenwithhighself-control___19___updoingbetterashighschoolersandadults,butmorerecentresearchhasprovedthisfindingwrong,showingthatthewillpowerlevelsofyoungchildrenarenotagood____20____oflatersuccess.Thismakessensebecausetheprefrontalcortex—theareaofthebrainresponsibleforwillpower—ispoorlydevelopedinyoungchildrenanddoesn’tfinishdevelopinguntilearlyadulthood.【答案】11.G12.B13.H14.D15.A16.Ε17.Ι18.J19.K20.F【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了意志力的重要性，包括其在行為改變、培養真正自由以及情緒智力等方面的作用。【11題詳解】考查動詞。句意：無論你是在戒除一個壞習慣、努力保持健康的體型，還是在與拖延癥作斗爭，你都需要意志力。分析句子成分可知，空處考查動詞形式擔當謂語動詞；根據空后的“abadhabit”以及下文“tryingtogetinshape,orstrugglingwithprocrastination(拖延癥)”可推測，空處意為“戒除壞習慣、改掉壞習慣”；選項G“quitting”意為“戒除”，與此相符。故選G。【12題詳解】考查名詞。句意：當然，我完全支持運用各種策略來減少我們對意志力的依賴，但你無法完全消除對意志力的需求。分析句子成分可知，空處考查名詞形式擔當不能有；根據下文“butyoucannotremovetheneedforwillpowerentirely”可推測，空處意為“依賴”。選項B“dependence”，名詞，意為“依賴”，符合句意。故選B。【13題詳解】考查名詞。句意：始終如一地、有紀律地運用意志力，這可能看起來像是對個人自由的一種限制，但實際上并非如此。分析句子成分可知，空處考查名詞形式擔當賓語；根據上文“Asteady,disciplineduseofwillpower”可推測，始終如一地、有紀律地運用意志力看起來是對個人自由的限制。選項H“restriction”，名詞，意為“限制”，符合句意。故選H。【14題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：如果意志力不足讓你成為壞習慣和成癮行為的奴隸，那么你并不是真正的自由。分析句子成分可知，空處考查形容詞形式修飾名詞“willpower”；根據下文“aslavetobadhabitsandaddictions”可推測，空處指的是“不充足的”。選項D“insufficient”，意為“不充足的”符合句意。故選D。【15題詳解】考查動詞。句意：要培養真正的自由，你需要意志力。分析句子成分可知，空處考查動詞原形；根據下文“you’llneedwillpower.”可推測，空處意為“培養、養成”；選項A“cultivate”，動詞原形，意為“培養”，符合句意。故選A。【16題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：重要的是，研究表明自我控制是可以學習的。分析句子成分可知，空處考查形容詞形式擔當表語；根據下文“Willpowerisnotfixed;itcanbedevelopedthroughstrategyandpractice.”可知，意志力是可以習得的。選項E“learnable”，意為“可學習的”，符合句意。故選E。【17題詳解】考查動詞。句意：WalterMischel將自我控制描述為“構成情商的‘核心才能’，對于構建令人滿意的生活至關重要”。分析句子成分可知，空處考查動詞的非謂語動詞形式；根據空前“the‘mastertalent”和空后“emotionalintelligence”可推測，空處意為“構成”。選項I“underlying”，意為“是……的基礎”，符合句意。故選I。【18題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：然而，盡管人們普遍認同意志力的重要性，但在科學界，對于意志力究竟是如何起作用的，卻很少達成共識。分析句子成分可知，空處考查形容詞形式修飾名詞；根據下文“thereisverylittleagreementinthescientificcommunityabouthowwillpoweractuallyworks.”中的“little”可推測，空處的意思與此相反。選項J“widespread”，意為“普遍的”，符合句意。故選J。【19題詳解】考查動詞。句意：他的研究似乎表明，自我控制能力強的幼兒在成為高中生和成年人后往往表現得更好，但最近的研究證明這一發現是錯誤的，研究表明幼兒的意志力水平并不能很好地預測他們日后的成功。分析句子成分可知，空處考查動詞形式擔當謂語動詞；根據下文“butmorerecentresearchhasprovedthisfindingwrong,showingthatthewillpowerlevelsofyoungchildrenarenotagood___10___oflatersuccess.”可推測，他的研究結果和下文不同，也就是說自我控制能力強的幼兒在成為高中生和成年人后往往表現得更好。選項K“wind”，構成短語“windup”，意為“提升”，符合句意。故選K。【20題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他的研究似乎表明，自我控制能力強的幼兒在成為高中生和成年人后往往表現得更好，但最近的研究證明這一發現是錯誤的，研究表明幼兒的意志力水平并不能很好地預測他們日后的成功。分析句子成分可知，空處考查名詞形式；根據上一句“Hisresearchappearedtoshowthatyoungchildrenwithhighself-control___9___updoingbetterashighschoolersandadults”以及“but”可知，幼兒的意志力水平并不能很好地預測他們日后的成功。選項F“predictor”，意為“預測”，符合句意。故選F。II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thedaughters,butnotthesons,ofwomenwhogivebirthatage30orolderaremorelikelytoexperiencesymptomsofdepressionasyoungadults,accordingtoresearchpublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Tearne,adoctoralstudentattheUniversityofWesternAustraliaandleadauthorofthestudy,andhercolleaguesanalyzeddatafromtheWesternAustralianPregnancyCohortStudy.Pregnant(懷孕的)womenwereselectedintothisstudy,andprovidedpsychological___21___.Theiroffspring(子女)thenunderwentpsychological___22___atvariousagesoverthenext23years.Inthisstudy,theresearchers___23___self-reportedlevelsofvarioussymptomsofdepression,anxietyandstressfrom1,200oftheoffspringatage20andcomparedthemwiththeageofthemotherandfatheratthetimethechildrenwereborn.Daughterswhosemotherswereoverage30atthetimeof___24___hadsignificantlyhigherlevelsofstress,depressionandanxietycomparedwithdaughterswhosemotherswereunderage30.However,thefathers'ageatthatparticulartimehadnoeffect,andtherewasnoeffectfoundfor___25___.Whiletheexactcauseofthisrelationshipisnotclear,Tearnesaidshesuspectsitisnotnecessarily___26___.“Onehypothesis(假設)isthat___27___mayoccurinthemother-daughterrelationshipbecauseofalargeagedifferencebetweenthetwo,”saidTearne.“Itmaybethata30ormoreyearagedifferencebetweenmotheranddaughterleadstoasignificantdifferenceinthe___28___systems.Thatmaycause___29___intherelationship,leadingtostress,worryandsadnessinthechild,particularlyduringthetransitiontoyoungadulthood.”Anotherpossible____30____maybethatthewomenwhogavebirthoverage30wouldbeintheir50satthetimetheirchildrenwereassessed.Therefore,theyaremorelikelytobeexperiencinghealthproblemsassociatedwith____31____.Thiscouldalsoleadtohigherlevelsof____32____inthechildren,Tearnesaid.Otherstudieshavesuggestedthatdaughtersaremoreaffectedbytheirmother’shealthproblemsthansons.Thiscouldexplainwhythe____33____onlyappearsindaughters,shesaid.“Itisimportanttoremember,too,thatthestudyexaminedsymptomsofdistress,ratherthan____34____diagnosis,”saidMoniqueRobinson,PhD,oftheUniversityofWesternAustralia,anotherauthorofthestudy.“Itcouldbethattheoffspringofoldermothersareatriskforafewmoresymptomsofdepression,anxietyandstress,butthatdoesnotnecessarilymeantheywillexperiencea(n)____35____mentaldisorder.”21.A.association B.adjustment C.support D.information22.A.consultation B.intervention C.assessment D.treatment23.A.lookedat B.wentafter C.respondedto D.persistedin24.A.promotion B.graduation C.marriage D.birth25.A.sons B.mothers C.daughters D.grandchildren26.A.temporary B.biological C.subjective D.psychological27.A.transitions B.difficulties C.interactions D.competitions28.A.value B.blood C.education D.security29.A.mistakes B.limits C.tensions D.distractions30.A.exception B.equivalent C.foundation D.explanation31A.income B.promotion C.aging D.exercising32.A.commitment B.symptoms C.expectations D.consciousness33.A.effect B.struggle C.friction D.imitation34.A.initial B.ultimate C.general D.clinical35.A.rare B.treatable C.diagnosable D.irreversible【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.D25.A26.B27.B28.A29.C30.D31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國心理學會發表的一項研究，研究表明，30歲及以上生育的女性所生的女兒在年輕時更容易出現抑郁癥狀。21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：懷孕的女性被選入這項研究，并提供心理信息。A.association協會；B.adjustment調整；C.support支持；D.information信息。根據上文“Thedaughters,butnotthesons,ofwomenwhogivebirthatage30orolderaremorelikelytoexperiencesymptomsofdepressionasyoungadults”和下文“self-reportedlevelsofvarioussymptomsofdepression,anxietyandstress”可知，這個實驗是有關心理方面的研究，懷孕的女性被提供心理方面的信息。故選D。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來的23年里，她們的子女在不同年齡接受了心理評估。A.consultation咨詢；B.intervention干預；C.assessment評估；D.treatment治療。根據下文“atvariousagesoverthenext23years”和“self-reportedlevelsofvarioussymptomsofdepression,anxietyandstress”可知，她們的子女接受了心理評估。故選C。【23題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在這項研究中，研究人員觀察了1200名子女在20歲時自我報告的抑郁、焦慮和壓力等各種癥狀的程度，并將其與父母在孩子出生時的年齡進行了比較。A.lookedat觀察；B.wentafter追逐；C.respondedto回應；D.persistedin堅持。根據下文“self-reportedlevelsofvarioussymptomsofdepression,anxietyandstress”可知，研究人員觀察了子女自我報告的抑郁、焦慮和壓力等各種癥狀的程度。故選A。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與母親年齡在30歲以下的女兒相比，母親在分娩時年齡超過30歲的女兒在壓力、抑郁和焦慮方面的水平明顯更高。A.promotion提升；B.graduation畢業；C.marriage婚姻；D.birth出生。根據上文“comparedwithdaughterswhosemotherswereunderage30”可知，此處指母親在分娩時年齡超過30歲的女兒。故選D。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，父親的年齡在當時并沒有影響，對兒子也沒有影響。A.sons兒子；B.mothers母親；C.daughters女兒；D.grandchildren孫子。根據上文“Thedaughters,butnotthesons”可知，此處指對兒子沒有影響。故選A。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然這種關系的確切原因尚不清楚，但蒂爾尼表示，她懷疑這不一定是生物學上的原因。A.temporary暫時的；B.biological生物的；C.subjective主觀的；D.psychological心理的。根據下文“Itmaybethata30ormoreyearagedifferencebetweenmotheranddaughterleadstoasignificantdifference”可知，蒂爾尼懷疑這種關系不一定是生物學上的原因。故選B。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：蒂爾尼說：“一個假設是，由于母親和女兒之間的年齡差異較大，母女關系中可能會出現困難。”A.transitions過渡；B.difficulties困難；C.interactions互動；D.competitions比賽。根據下文“leadingtostress,worryandsadnessinthechild”可知，母女關系中可能會出現困難。故選B。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：母親和女兒之間30歲或更大的年齡差異可能會導致價值體系的重大差異。A.value價值；B.blood血液；C.education教育；D.security安全。根據前文“Itmaybethata30ormoreyearagedifferencebetweenmotheranddaughterleadstoasignificantdifference”和下文“leadingtostress,worryandsadnessinthechild”可知，年齡差異會導致價值體系的重大差異，從而給孩子帶來壓力、擔憂和悲傷。故選A。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能會導致關系緊張，導致孩子壓力、擔憂和悲傷，特別是在向年輕成年過渡期間。A.mistakes錯誤；B.limits限制；C.tensions緊張；D.distractions分心。根據下文“leadingtostress,worryandsadnessinthechild”可知，母女關系緊張會導致孩子壓力、擔憂和悲傷。故選C。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：另一個可能的解釋是，30歲以上生育的女性在孩子被評估時已經50多歲了。A.exception例外；B.equivalent等價物；C.foundation基礎；D.explanation解釋。根據下文“maybethatthewomenwhogavebirthoverage30wouldbeintheir50satthetimetheirchildrenwereassessed”可知，此處提供了另一個可能的解釋。故選D。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，她們更有可能出現與衰老相關的健康問題。A.income收入；B.promotion提升；C.aging衰老；D.exercising鍛煉。根據上文“thewomenwhogavebirthoverage30wouldbeintheir50s”可知，50多歲的女性更有可能出現與衰老相關的健康問題。故選C。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：蒂爾尼說，這也可能導致兒童出現更高水平的癥狀。A.commitment承諾；B.symptoms癥狀；C.expectations期望；D.consciousness意識。根據下文“symptomsofdepression,anxietyandstress”和“Otherstudieshavesuggestedthatdaughtersaremoreaffectedbytheirmother’shealthproblemsthansons”可知，此處指兒童出現更高水平的癥狀。故選B。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她說，這可以解釋為什么這種影響只出現在女兒身上。A.effect影響；B.struggle掙扎；C.friction摩擦；D.imitation模仿。根據上文“Daughterswhosemotherswereoverage30atthetimeof___4___hadsignificantlyhigherlevelsofstress,depressionandanxiety”可知，母親年齡對女兒的影響。故選A。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：西澳大利亞大學的另一位研究作者、博士莫妮克·羅賓遜說：“同樣重要的是要記住，這項研究考察的是痛苦的癥狀，而不是臨床診斷。”A.initial最初的；B.ultimate最終的；C.general一般的；D.clinical臨床的。根據上文“symptomsofdistress”可知，此處與臨床診斷形成對比，指的是痛苦的癥狀。故選D。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能是年長母親的后代更容易出現一些抑郁、焦慮和壓力的癥狀，但這并不一定意味著他們會患上可診斷的精神疾病。A.rare稀有的；B.treatable可治療的；C.diagnosable可診斷的；D.irreversible不可逆轉的。根據上文“Itcouldbethattheoffspringofoldermothersareatriskforafewmoresymptomsofdepression,anxietyandstress,but

”可知，這并不一定意味著他們會患上可診斷的精神疾病。故選C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Why,inaworldwherewetechnicallyproduceenoughfoodtofeedeveryone,domillionsofpeoplegotobedhungryeachnight?Thestatisticsaretragic,andsuchacontradictionshouldhavenoplaceinourmodernworld.TheUN’ssecondsustainabilitygoal,“ZeroHunger,”isanambitiousplantoendhungerintheworldby2030.However,theglobalscaleofthehungerstaggerstheimagination,andit’sgettingworse.AccordingtoWorldVision,asmanyas828millionpeople,or10%oftheglobalpopulation,aresufferingfromfoodinsecurity.Whatarethedrivingforcesbehindthisproblemofhunger?Armedconflictisone.Itforcespeopleawayfromtheirhomes,ruinseconomiesandturnsmillionsofpeopleintorefugees(難民)whobecomereliantonaidandluckfortheirdailyneeds.Extremeweathereventsalsodriveworldhungerbydestroyinghomesandmakingfarmlandunusable.Finally,around30percentoftheworld’sfoodislostorwastedannually.Foodlossoccurswhenfoodisdamagedorspoiledwhilemovingthroughthesupplychain.Foodwastehappenswhenindividuals,supermarketsorrestaurantsbuymorefoodthantheyneedandthrowawaytheunnecessary.Despitetheseterriblefacts,WorldHungerDayisn’tjustaboutbadnews.Foundedin2011bytheHungerProject,WorldHungerDayisalsoaboutcelebratingsolutionsthatwilleliminate(消除)starvation.InAfrica,theHungerProjecthasbeenworkingtoencouragemoresustainableandefficientfarmingmethods.Forexample,bydiversifyingtheircrops,farmerswillhavehealthiersoil.Furthermore,sincefarmersneedaccesstosafe,cleanwater,theHungerProjectteachespeoplehowtomonitor,maintainandrepairwatersystems.TheUNWorldFoodProgrammeaidsfarmersbyhelpingthemconnecttolocaleconomies,improveproductionmethodsandreducecroplosses.And,forchildrenandtheweak,theyprovidespecialnutrient-richfoods.Sowhatcanyoudotohelpeliminateworldhunger?Asidefromtryingtoreduceyourfoodwaste,keepeducatingyourselfandothersabouttheissue.Lookforopportunitiestofeedthehungryinyourowncommunities.Eachstep,eachchoice,andeachvoicecanhelpmakehungerathingofthepast.36.By“staggerstheimagination”inparagraph2,theauthormeans___________.A.hungrypeoplearemoreimaginative B.theseriousnessofhungershockspeopleC.“ZeroHunger”isimpossibletoachieve D.theUNhaspredictedthescaleofhunger37.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecausesofhungeraccordingtothepassage?A.Somelandbecomesunsuitableforfarmingduetoextremeweather.B.Thefoodsupplychaindrivespeopletothrowawayadditionalfood.C.Warsforcerefugeestogiveuptheirhomesandtodestroyfarmland.D.Someareasareunabletoproduceenoughfoodforlackoflabourforce.38.TheUNhasbeendedicatedtotheeliminationofstarvationbyhelping_________.A.investinlocaleconomies B.developnewseedsforfarmersC.increasethevarietyofcrops D.feedthehungryincommunities39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheNewFaceofHunger. B.ClimateChangeandFoodCrisis.C.TheMarchTowardZeroHunger. D.Hunger:Symptoms,Causes,andSolutions.【答案】36.B37.A38.C39.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章探討了全球饑餓問題現狀、原因及解決方案，并呼吁個人和集體行動以消除饑餓。【36題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據上文“TheUN’ssecondsustainabilitygoal,“ZeroHunger,”isanambitiousplantoendhungerintheworldby2030.(聯合國的第二項可持續發展目標“消除饑餓”是一項雄心勃勃的計劃，旨在到2030年終結世界饑餓問題。)”和下文“AccordingtoWorldVision,asmanyas828millionpeople,or10%oftheglobalpopulation,aresufferingfromfoodinsecurity.(據世界宣明會統計，有多達8.28億人，即全球10%的人口，正在遭受糧食不安全的困擾。)”可知，全球饑餓的規模令人震驚，而且情況還在惡化。由此可知，staggerstheimagination意思是“饑餓的嚴重性令人震驚”。故選B。【37題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“Extremeweathereventsalsodriveworldhungerbydestroyinghomesandmakingfarmlandunusable.(極端天氣事件通過摧毀家園和使農田無法使用，也加劇了世界饑餓問題。)”可知，極端天氣導致一些土地變得不適合耕種是饑餓的原因之一。故選A。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“InAfrica,theHungerProjecthasbeenworkingtoencouragemoresustainableandefficientfarmingmethods.Forexample,bydiversifyingtheircrops,farmerswillhavehealthiersoil.Furthermore,sincefarmersneedaccesstosafe,cleanwater,theHungerProjectteachespeoplehowtomonitor,maintainandrepairwatersystems.TheUNWorldFoodProgrammeaidsfarmersbyhelpingthemconnecttolocaleconomies,improveproductionmethodsandreducecroplosses.And,forchildrenandtheweak,theyprovidespecialnutrient-richfoods.(在非洲，饑餓項目組織一直在努力推廣更可持續和高效的農業方法。例如，通過作物多樣化，農民可以使土壤更健康。此外，由于農民需要獲得安全和清潔的用水，饑餓項目組織教人們如何監測、維護和修理水系統。聯合國世界糧食計劃署通過幫助農民與當地經濟建立聯系、改善生產方法和減少作物損失來援助他們。并且，為兒童和體弱者提供特殊的營養豐富食品。)”可知，聯合國一直致力于通過幫助農民增加作物種類來消除饑餓。故選C。【39題詳解】主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了全球饑餓問題的嚴重性和聯合國“零饑餓”的目標，然后分析了饑餓的原因，包括武裝沖突、極端天氣事件和食物浪費等，最后提出了解決饑餓問題的方案和每個人可以為消除饑餓所做的貢獻。由此可知，本文主要講述了全球在邁向零饑餓過程中所面臨的挑戰、原因和解決方案，所以選項C“邁向零饑餓的征程”最能概括文章主旨，作為標題最合適。故選C。（B）Travellingbyrailholdsaromanticandold-fashionedappealthatcan'tbematchedbyflyingordriving.Bytakingtheslowroute,yougettoexperienceandinteractwithanareainacompletelydifferentway.1THEROCKYMOUNTAINEERWhere:Canada,fromVancouvertoBanff,JasperandCalgary.When:InJune,whichisspringtimeintheRockies,completewithbeautifulflowersandplentyofwildlife.Duration:Betweentwoandeightdaystravellingonlyindaylight,stayinginluxurioushotels.Highlights:UnmatchedviewsoftheRockyMountains,incredibleluxuryateverystageofthetrip,traditionalnativestorytelling,wineclassesandnaturalhistoryworkshops.2EASTERNANDORIENTALEXPRESSWhere:FromThailand,throughMalaysia,toSingapore.When:AprilandMay,fortheleastwetweather.Duration:Tripsvaryfromtwotoeightdays.Highlights:You’lltravelthroughtheheartofSoutheastAsia.Fromgoldentemplesandricefieldstobigcities,thisluxurioustrainshowcasesthebestofthecountriesitpassesthrough.3THEGHANWhere:Australia,fromAdelaidetoDarwinviaAliceSprings.When:Goingduringthewetseason(December,January)willallowyoutoseemorewildlifeandtropicalfeaturesinthenorth,thoughpeakseasonisusuallythewinter.Duration:Goingstraightthroughtakes52hours.Thereareget-offpointsfromwhichyoucantaketours.Highlights:GoingthroughAustralia’sRedCentrewithblueskies,redearthandnotmuchelse—anunforgettablybeautifulandpeacefulexperience.4THEROYALSCOTSMANWhere:AroundtheScottishHighlandsorallthewayaroundGreatBritain.When:Warmerweatherandupto20hoursofdaylightinJunemakesittheperfecttimetowatchbirdsflyingovermirror-likelakes,orgoinOctoberforautumncoloursandtheratherspecialdeer-matingseason.Duration:Tripscanbeasshortastwodaysoraslongasseven.Highlights:Possiblythemostexpensivetrainjourneyintheworld.You’llbetreatedlikeamemberofthemonarchy(王室).Superbcuisine,finewinesandcarriages(火車客車廂)thatlooklikeroomsatBalmoralCastleawaitthosewillingtopartwithaminimumof￡2350perpersonforatwo-nighttrip.40.Theaboveinformationismainlyaimedat__________.A.sellingsomepackagetourproductsB.advisingpeopletotravelbyrailforbusinessC.introducingsomegreatrailwayjourneysD.analyzingtheadvantagesoftravellingbytrain41.Ella,who’dliketoexperiencefirst-rateserviceandtasteexcellentfoodonthetrain,ismostlikelytochoose__________.A.TheRockyMountaineer B.EasternandOrientalExpressC.TheGhan D.TheRoyalScotsman42.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthefourroutes?A.Oneoftheroutesrunsinmorethanonecountry.BWinteristherecommendedseasonfortheGhan.C.TheRockyMountaineeronlyfeaturesnaturalviews.D.TheRoyalScotsmanistheshortestofthefourroutes.【答案】40.C41.D42.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四條很棒的鐵路旅行路線。【40題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“Travellingbyrailholdsaromanticandold-fashionedappealthatcan'tbematchedbyflyingordriving.Bytakingtheslowroute,yougettoexperienceandinteractwithanareainacompletelydifferentway.(乘火車旅行有一種浪漫而老式的魅力，這是乘飛機或開車無法比擬的。走慢路線，你可以以一種完全不同的方式體驗和與一個地區互動。)”和接下來的內容分別介紹了四條很棒的鐵路旅行路線，包括它們的地點、時間、時長和亮點等內容可知，這篇短文的主要目的是介紹一些很棒的鐵路旅行。故選C。【41題詳解】細節理解題。根據TheRoyalScotsman部分“Superbcuisine,finewinesandcarriagesthatlooklikeroomsatBalmoralCastleawaitthosewillingtopartwithaminimumof￡2350perpersonforatwo-nighttrip.(對于那些愿意為兩晚之旅支付每人至少2350英鎊的人來說，他們將享受到絕佳的美食、美酒和看起來像巴爾莫勒爾城堡房間的車廂。)”可知，Ella想在火車上體驗一流的服務，品嘗美味的食物，她最有可能選擇皇家蘇格蘭人號列車。故選D。【42題詳解】細節理解題。根據EasternandOrientalExpress部分“Where:FromThailand,throughMalaysia,toSingapore.(地點：從泰國出發，經過馬來西亞，到達新加坡。)”可知，東方快車這條路線跨越多個國家。故選A。（C）Intheearly1900s,Frenchchemist,EdouardBenedictus,inventedshatterproof(防碎的)glassbychance.Butitssignificanceandrelevancedidn’temergeuntilthecarmarketcreatedtheproblemforwhichhehadalreadyfoundtheanswer.Suchmomentsofserendipityrevealtheunpredictablenatureofinnovation.Yet,evenincaseswherechanceplaysarole,asinBenedictus’sstory,thebroaderquestionremains:Aresuchdiscoveriestrulybornofluck,orweretheysomehow“intheair,”waitingfortherightpersontoseizethem?Someargueallthediscoverieswouldhavebeenmadebyotherpeople.Theybelieveifthetimewasripeinconceptualandtechnologicalterms,someonewouldhavegottheresoonerorlater.Thisistheusedandabusedunderstandingoftheoriesthatwere“intheair”.Independently,CharlesDarwinandAlfredR.Wallace(thelatter15yearsbehindDarwin)arrivedatthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection,bothcountingonsimilardata.Thereexistedslightdifferencesinthetheory,butthecoincidencesofthoughtwereastonishing.Thisphenomenon,whichalsoexistsinbiologicalevolution,iscalledconverg