山東省聊城市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末考試

英語試題

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Americaisoneofthebesttravellingoptionsforeveryone.HeretheGoodHotelGuideshares

someofthetopAmericanhotelsfortravelerstochoosefrom.

TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort

Ifyouwantaquiet,stress-freegetaway,TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResortmightbe

justtheplace.SittingrightontheshoresoftheAtlanticOcean,thishotelisadestinationuntoitself.

Meanwhile,staffgoesoutoftheirwaytoattendtotheirguests'needs.However,ifyouarehopingto

exploreurbanareas,bewarnedthishotelislocatedapproximately25milessouthofthecity.

ThePeninsulaChicago

Travelersdescribetheguestroomsascomfortablethankstotheirmoderntechietouches,likea

bedsideremotecommandstationthatcontrolsthelights,televisionandroomtemperatures.During

yourstay,guestsrecommendmakingtimefor（hetastyCantonesedishesservedintheShanghai

Terracerestaurant.However,formanytravelers,itwasThePeninsulaChicago'sfriendlyservice

staffthatconvincedthemtostayhereagain.

SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX

Locatedjust1312feetfromLosAngelesInternationalAirport,thishoteloffersfree24-hour

airportshuttles,easyaccesstothecitycenter.Withnearbymotorways,Hollywoodisjust12miles

awayfromSonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX.Couplesinparticularlikethelocation—theyratedit

8.5foratwo-persontripbecauseofitsconvenienceandthewelcomingstaff.

SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel

Thismodemhotelprovidesfree24-hourdedicatedshuttleservicetoLosAngelesInternational

AirportJust3minutes'driveaway.Guestscanrelaxintheoutdoorheatedpool.Recentguestsgive

thecourteousandprofessionalstaffhighpraise.Coupleslikethelocationbeit——theyratedit8.7for

atwo-persontrip.

1.Ifyouwanttorelieveyourtension,whichhotelwouldyouliketochoose?

A.SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX.

B.TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort.

C.ThePeninsulaChicago.

D.SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel.

2.Whichhotelisthemostfavorabletocouples?

A.TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort.

B.ThePeninsulaChicago.

C.SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX.

D.SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel.

3.Whatdothefourhotelshaveincommon?

A.Theyofferconvenientaccesstothedowntownarea.

B.Theyhavequalitycustomerservice.

C.Theyarepopularamongcouples.

D.Theyarelocatedneartheairport.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章推薦了幾家美國頂級酒店供旅行者選擇。

K答案』LB2.C3.B

【1題詳析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort部分中“Ifyouwantaquiet,

stress-freegetaway,TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResortmightbejusttheplace.（如果你想

要一個(gè)安靜，無壓力的度假，在基亞瓦島高爾夫度假村的避難所可能只是一個(gè)地方）”可知，

如果你想緩解你的壓力，TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort是最佳選擇。故選B項(xiàng)。

【2題詳析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX部分中**Couplesinparticularlikethe

location—theyratedit8.5foratwo-persontripbecauseofitsconvenienceandthewelcoming

staff.（情侶們特別喜歡這里的地理位置——他們給兩人旅行打了8.5分，因?yàn)檫@里很方便，

工作人員也很熱情）”可知，對情侶來說，SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX最有利。故選C

項(xiàng)。

【3題詳析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort部分中wMeanwhile,staffgoes

outoftheirwaytoattendtotheirguests'needs.（與此同時(shí)，工作人員會(huì)不遺余力地滿足客人的

需求）"、ThePeninsulaChicago部分中“However,formanytravelers,itwasThePeninsula

Chicago'sfriendlyservicestaffthatconvincedthemtostayhereagain.（然而，對于許多游客來說，

是芝加哥半島酒店友好的服務(wù)人員說服他們再次入?。?、SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX

部分中“becauseofitsconvenienceandthewelcomingstaff.（因?yàn)樗谋憷蜔崆榈墓ぷ魅藛T）”

和SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel部分中“Recentguestsgivethecourteousand

professionalstaffhighpraise.（最近的客人對我們彬彬有禮和專業(yè)的工作人員給予了很高的評

價(jià)）”可知，四家酒店的共同點(diǎn)是他們都有優(yōu)質(zhì)的客戶服務(wù)。故選B項(xiàng)。

B

ThisstoryispartofNature's10,anannuallistproducedbytheworld'sleadingsciencejournal

Nature,exploringindividualswhocontributedtothekeydevelopmentsinscience.Onthe2023list

published,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity-ChatGPT,forthefirsttime.

ChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhancescientificsearchengines

andidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,whoworksonAIformedical

researchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.Models（rainedinsimilarwayson

scientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,perhapsbydesigningnew

moleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.

Butwhyincludeacomputerprograminalistofpeoplewhohaveshapedsciencein2023?

ChatGPTisnotaperson.Butactually,itandothergenerativeartificial-intelligence（AI）programs

arechanginghowscientistswork.TheyhavealsorekindleddebatesaboutthelimitsofAI,the

natureothumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthetwo.1hafswhy

thisyear'sNature's10hasanon-humanaddition.

Interestingly,Nature'slistalsoincludesoneofitscreators.IlyaSutskever,thechiefscientist

andcofbunderofOpenAI,theorganizationthatcreatedChatGPT,isoneofthemindsatthe

forefrontofgenerativeartificialintelligence.Hesawthiscompanyasanopportunitytodevelop

generalartificialintelligencethatcouldoutperformhumansanddevelopitsownconsciousness.

Sutskeverbelievesthatartificialintelligence'spotentialistoogreatfbrmodelstobeavailable

toanyonewhowantstousethem,andhewasamongthefirsttorealize（hatthesystemsthat

scientistslikehismentor,GeoffreyHinton,hadbeguntodevelopwouldbegintoshowtheiractual

capabilitiesascomputingpowerincreased.Inrecentmonths,hedevotedhiseffortstowardcreating

amethodtodirectandcontrolartificialintelligencesystemsthataremoreintelligentthanhumans.

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutNature's10accordingtothepassage?

A.Nature's10iscelebratingthedevelopmentofsciencetechnology.

B.OnlyhumanbeingswereelectedasNature's10before.

C.Nature's10wasstartedin2023forthefirsttime.

D.Itwasawardedbythelocalgovernmentyearly.

5.Whatisthesecondparagraphabout?

A.Experts'opinionsonChatGPT.

B.HowchatGPTfunctions.

C.TheapplicationofchatGPTinscienceresearch.

D.ThepromotionofChatGPT.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrekindledinparagraph3mean?

A.Settled.B.Restarted.

C.Participated.D.Launched.

7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeIlyaSutskever'sattitudetowardsChatGPT?

A.Confidentandcautious.B.Proudandconcerned.

C.Objectiveanddoubtful.D.Enthusiasticandwarning.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了《自然》雜志將ChatGPT選入“自然10強(qiáng)”

并分析了原因。文章同時(shí)介紹ChatGPT的創(chuàng)造者之一伊利亞?蘇茨克維爾對ChatGPT的看法。

K答案W4.B5.C6.B7.A

【4題詳析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Onihe2023listpublished,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity

-ChatGPT,forthefirstlime.（在公布的2023年名單中，該雜志首次納入了一個(gè)非人類實(shí)體

-ChatGPT）”可知，在此之前，只有人類能被選為“自然10強(qiáng)”。故選B項(xiàng)。

【5題詳析】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中uChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhance

scientificsearchenginesandidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,who

worksonAIformedicalresearchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.Models

trainedinsimilarwaysonscientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,

perhapsbydesigningnewmoleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.（馬薩諸塞州波士頓

的哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院從事人工智能醫(yī)學(xué)研究的MarinkaZitnik說，ChatGPT和相關(guān)軟件可以幫助集

思廣益，增強(qiáng)科學(xué)搜索引擎，并識別文獻(xiàn)中的研究空白。Zitnik補(bǔ)充說，以類似的方式對科

學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練的模型可以幫助是立指導(dǎo)研究的人工智能系統(tǒng)，也許可以通過設(shè)計(jì)新分子或

模擬細(xì)胞行為來實(shí)現(xiàn)）”可知，本段主要討論了ChatGPT和其他生成式人工智能程序如何改

變科學(xué)家的工作方式，并提到了ChatGPT在指導(dǎo)研究和增強(qiáng)科學(xué)搜索引擎方面的潛在可能。

由此可知，第二段介紹了ChatGPT在科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用。故選C項(xiàng)。

【6題詳析】

詞句猜測題。前綴re-表示“重新；再”；結(jié)合常識和劃線詞后“debatesaboutthelimitsofAI,

thenatureofhumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthelwo（關(guān)于人

工智能的局限性、人類智能的本質(zhì)以及如何最好地規(guī)范兩者之間的互動(dòng)的辯論）”可知，關(guān)

于人工智能的這些話題的辯論并不是新事物，以前就已經(jīng)有過很多相關(guān)的辯論，由此推知，

ChatGPT的出現(xiàn)只是重新引發(fā)了相關(guān)辯論。故劃線詞rekindled與restarted“重新開始”意思

接近。故選B項(xiàng)。

【7題詳析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中"Hesawthiscompanyasanopportunitytodevelopgeneralartificial

intelligencethatcouldoutperformhumansanddevelopitsownconsciousness.（他認(rèn)為這家公司是

開發(fā)通用人工智能的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，它可以超越人類，發(fā)展自己的意識）”和最后一段中“hewas

amongthefirsttorealizethatthesystemsthatscientistslikehismentor,GeoffreyHinton,hadbegun

todevelopwouldbegintoshowtheiractualcapabilitiesascomputingpowerincreased.（他是最早

意識到，隨著計(jì)算能力的提高，像他的導(dǎo)師杰弗里?辛頓這樣的科學(xué)家開始開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)將開

始顯示其實(shí)際能力的人之一）”可推知，UyaSutskever認(rèn)為人_E智能會(huì)超越人類，發(fā)展自己

的意識，對其能力充滿信心（confident）；根據(jù)最后一段中“Sutskeverbelievesthatartificial

intelligence'spotentialistoogreatformodelstobeavailabletoanyonewhowantstouse

them（Sutskever認(rèn)為，人工智能的潛力太大，任何想要使用它們的人都無法獲得模型）”和

“Inrecentmonths,hedevotedhiseffortstowardcreatingamethodtodirectandcontrolartificial

intelligencesystemsthataremoreintelligentthanhumans.（最近幾個(gè)月,他致力于創(chuàng)造一種方法

來指導(dǎo)和控制比人類更聰明的人工智能系統(tǒng)）”可推知，UyaSutskever對人工智能的運(yùn)用非

常誣慎（cautious）,希望創(chuàng)造一種方法來指導(dǎo)和控制比人類更聰明的人工智能。故選A項(xiàng)。

C

TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentrehasrecently“rediscovered“anancientsharkskeleton

thathasbeensittinginthemuseum'scollectionfornearly50years.Couldthissharkbeapartofa

newlydiscoveredancientsharkspecies?

Thisfossil'soriginaldiscoverywasin1975onafarmjustwestofMorden,Manitoba.The

skeletonwasbroughtintothemuseumandwasforgottenwithintheever-growingfossilcollection.

Theskeletonwashiddeninthecollectionsroomforover40yearsandthecenterjustrecentlyfound

thefossilinitsstoragearoundeightyearsago.

AdolfbCuertara,thedirectoroftheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentre,explainedthat"It'sa

veryspecialsharkfbrmanyreasons.Ifshighlypossiblethatwearetalkingaboutanewspecies.”

Althoughthesharkhasnotbeengivenascientificnameyet,themuseumhasunofficiallynamedthe

skeleton,uDaven,inhonorofthefarmeronwhoselandtheskeletonwasfound.

Afterthefossilrediscovery,Davewasexhibitedatthefossilcentermuseum.Daveisaround15

feetlongandisoneofthelargestwell-preservedsharkskeletonsintheentireworld.Withinthe

paleontology（古生物學(xué)）world,completesharkfossilsareextremelyrareduetotheirsoftcartilage

（軟骨結(jié)構(gòu)）whichdisintegratesastheyage.Dave'ssharkspeciesarcfilterfeederswithnoteeth,

whoreceivetheirnutritionbyabsorbingitoutofthewater.CuertaraemphasizesDave'suniqueness

byexplaining,4tTheshapeofthejawsandtheskullandthekindofstructuresthatithas,becausethe

preservationisreallyamazing,istellingusthatitisprobablygoingtobeanewspecies.The

problemisnowwcneedscientificpapersandscientificresearchandthispaperisunderway.”

TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreishopefulthatmorescientificresearchwillprovide

moreinformationonDave'sancientsharkspecies.Fornow,Daveiscurrentlyondisplayatthe

CanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreandthemuseumhastheexhibituptodatewiththeircurrent

information.

8.Whereprobablycouldyoufindthisarticle?

A.Sciencetextbookofcollege.

B.Advertisingbrochureofmuseum.

C.Discoverycolumnofmagazine.

D.Bulletinboardofanimalworld.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disintegrates“meaninthefourthparagraph?

A.Dieaway.B.Breakdown.

C.Buildup.D.Liedown.

10.WhatevidencemadescientistsbelieveDaveisanewsharkspecies?

A.Thestructureofskullandjaw.

B.Thepreservationofjawandtheskull.

C.Theuniquenessofnoteethstructure.

D.Theraresoftcartilage.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.CanadianFossilDiscoveryCentredisplaysDaveancientsharkspecies.

B.Dave'ssharkspeciesisanewspeciesofancientshark.

C.CanadianMuseumrediscoversanewancientsharkspecies.

D.Dave'ssharkskeletonisinhonorofthefarmerwhorediscoveredit.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心最近重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具古

老的鯊魚骨架，該骨架在博物館的收藏中已經(jīng)存放了近50年。這可能是一種新發(fā)現(xiàn)的古老

鯊魚物種，目前尚未正式命名，但博物館暫時(shí)以“戴夫”為其非正式名稱。

K答案78.C9.B10.B1LC

【8題詳析】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中"TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentrehasrecently

“rediscovered“anancientsharkskeletonthathasbeensittinginthemuseum'scollectionfor

nearly50years.（加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心最近“重新發(fā)現(xiàn)”了一具在博物館收藏了近50年的占

代鯊魚骨架）”和最后一段中“TT.eCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreishopefulthatmore

scientificresearchwillprovidemoreinformationonDave'sancientsharkspecies.Fornow,Dave

iscurrentlyondisplayattheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreandthemuseumhastheexhibitup

todatewiththeircurrentinformalioi.（加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心希望更多的科學(xué)研究能提供更多關(guān)

于戴夫古鯊魚物種的信息。目前，戴夫目前正在加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心展出，博物館的展品與

他們目前的信息同步）”可知，本文介紹了加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心對其館藏“古鯊魚骨架”的

再發(fā)現(xiàn)，并說明了其意義。由此推知，本文可能出自雜志中的發(fā)現(xiàn)欄目。故選C項(xiàng)。

【9題詳析】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句"Withinthepaleontology（古生物學(xué)）world,completeshark

fossilsareextremelyrareduetotheirsoftcartilage（軟骨結(jié)構(gòu)）whichdisintegratesastheyage.（在

古生物學(xué)界，完整的鯊魚化石極其罕見，因?yàn)樗鼈兊能浌菚?huì)隨著年齡的增長而disimegraies）”

中“soflcanilage（軟骨結(jié)構(gòu)）”可掛知，因?yàn)轷忯~是軟骨，所以隨著年齡的增長，骨頭會(huì)“分

解“，很難保留下來。劃線詞disintegrates與動(dòng)詞短語Breakdown同義。故選B項(xiàng)。

【10題詳析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theshapeofthejawsandtheskullandthekindofstructuresthatit

has,becausethepreservationisreallyamazing,istellingusthatitisprobablygoingtobeanew

species.（頜骨和頭骨的形狀以及它的結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)楸４娴梅浅ｓ@人地完好，告訴我們它可能是

一個(gè)新物種）”可知，得到保存的頜骨和頭骨讓科學(xué)家相信戴夫是一種新的鯊魚物種。故選

B項(xiàng)。

【11題詳析】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentrehasrecently

“rediscovered“anancientsharkskeletonthathasbeensittinginthemuseum'scollectionfor

nearly50years.（加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心最近“重新發(fā)現(xiàn)”了一具在博物館收藏了近50年的古

代鯊魚骨架）”可知，文章主要介紹了加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心對其館藏“古鯊魚骨架”的再發(fā)

現(xiàn)，它可能是一種新的古老鯊魚物種，所以"CanadianMuseumrediscoversanewancientshark

species.（加拿大博物館重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的古鯊魚物種）”是文章的主要內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Typically,peoplearemorelikelytosharethingsthatcanleadtoanexchangeofsaliva（唾液）,

suchaskissesoranicecreamcone,withfamilymembersorclosefriendsthanwithanacquaintance

oracolleague.Asaresult,itcanbemarkersofa“thickrclationship^^,whichcanhelpbabieswork

outwhoisincloserelationshipswithoneanother,astudysuggests.

AshleyThomas,adevelopmentalpsychologistatMIT,andcolleaguesranexperimentsof

peopleengagingwithpuppets（木偶）.Researchers,ofcourse,can'tknowexactlywhatbabiesarc

thinking.Buttrackingwheretheylookisonewaytogetahint.Theideaisnotthatyoungchildren

mightbeexpectinganadulttocomfortthepuppet,Thomassays.Instead,theresearchersexpected

thattheyoungchildrenwouldlooktowardthepersonthattheyexpecttomovefirstwhenthepuppet

expressesdistress（悲傷）,andthatwouldbethepersonwhohasacloserrelationshipwiththetoy,

shesays.

Forsomeoftheexperiments,theteamshowed8-to10-month-oldbabiesor16-to

18-month-oldtoddlersvideosofawomansharinganorangeslicewithapuppet.Asecondvideo

depictedanotherwomanandthepuppetplayingwithaball.Duringafinalvideothatshowedthe

puppetseeminglycryingwhileseatedbetweenthetwowomen,thekids'eyesweredrawntothe

womanwhohadsharedtheorangeslice—asignthekidsmayhavebeenexpectinghertoreact.

Theteamsawsimilarresultswhenonewomaninteractedwithtwopuppets.Thewomanstuck

herfingerinhermouthandthenonepuppet'smouthtosharehersaliva.Fortheother,shetouched

onlyherforeheadandthenthepuppet'sforehead.Infantsandtoddlersspentmoretimelookingat

thepuppetthathadswappedsalivaafterthewomanshoweddistress.

Thisstudythrowsnewlightonchild'spsychology.Butit'sunclearhowthefindingsrelateto

thedailylivesofyoungchildren.Futureexperimentscouldswitchoutactressesinthestudyfor

familymembersorteacherstobetterunderstandtherolesalivamayplayinhowbabiesandtoddlers

distinguishdifferenttypesofrelationships.

12.Whatcanhelpbabiesfigureoutcloserelationships?

A.Thingsthatcanresultinanexchangeofemotion.

B.Intimateactionsthatsharesaliva.

C.AnicecreamconeintheSweetStop.

D.Behaviorsthatcomfortthepuppet.

13.Howdoresearchersknowwhohasacloserrelationshipwiththepuppe:inbabies,eyes?

A.Byfindingwhatbabiesarethinking.

B.Bytrackingwherebabiespoint.

C.Byknowingwhotheyoungchildrenlooktoward.

D.Bywatchingwhocometocomfortthepuppet.

14.What'sthepurposeofparagraph4?

A.lbgivesupportingevidencetorthestudyresults.

B.lbshowpotentialapplicationofthestudyfindings.

C.lbmakeabriefconclusionofthestudyresults.

D.Toraiseareasonabledoubtaboutthestudyprocess.

15.What'stheauthor'sattitudetothisnewfinding?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Objective.D.Unclear.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹相關(guān)研究證明人們更傾向于與家人或親密朋友分

享唾液，這在嬰兒看來是“親密關(guān)系”的標(biāo)志。

K答案》12.B13.C14.A15.A

【12題詳析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Typically,peoplearemorelikelytosharethingsthatcanleadtoan

exchangeofsaliva（唾液），suchaskissesoranicecreamcone,withfamilymembersorclose

friendsthanwithanacquaintanceoracolleague.Asaresult,itcanbemarkersofa“thick

relationship^,whichcanhelpbabiesworkoutwhoisincloserelationshipswithoneanother,a

studysuggests.（通常情況下，人們更傾向于與家人或親密的朋友分享可以引起唾液交換的東

西，比如親吻或冰淇淋甜筒，而不是與熟人或同事分享。因此，一項(xiàng)研究表明，這可能是“親

密關(guān)系”的標(biāo)志，可以幫助嬰兒弄清楚誰與另一個(gè)人關(guān)系密切）”可知，分享唾液的親密行

為可以幫助嬰兒弄清楚親密的關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。

【13題詳析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Researchers,ofcourse,can'tknowexactlywhatbabiesare

thinking.Buttrackingwheretheylookisonewaytogetahint.（當(dāng)然，研究人員無法確切知道嬰

兒在想什么。但追蹤他們看的地方是獲得線索的一種方式）”和“Instead,theresearchers

expectedthattheyoungchildrenwouldlooktowardthepersonthattheyexpecttomovefirst

whenthepuppetexpressesdistress（悲傷），andthatwouldbethepersonwhohasacloser

relationshipwiththetoy,shesays.（她說，相反，研究人員預(yù)計(jì)，當(dāng)木偶表現(xiàn)出悲傷時(shí)，年幼

的孩子會(huì)把目光投向他們預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)首先移動(dòng)的人，而這個(gè)人可能是與玩具關(guān)系更密切的人）”

可知，通過觀察孩子們在看誰，研究人員就能知道在嬰兒眼中，誰與木偶關(guān)系更密切。故選

C項(xiàng)。

【14題詳析】

推理判斷題。第四段“Theteamsawsimilarresultswhenonewomaninteractedwithtwo

puppets.1hewomanstuckherfingerinhermouthandthenonepuppefsmouthtosharehersaliva.

Fortheother,shetouchedonlyherforeheadandthenthepuppet'sforehead.Infantsandtoddlers

spentmoretimelookingatthepuppetthathadswappedsalivaafterthewomanshowed

distress.（當(dāng)一名婦女與兩個(gè)木偶互動(dòng)時(shí)，研究小組也看到了類似的結(jié)臭。這個(gè)女人把手指先

伸進(jìn)嘴里，然后伸進(jìn)一個(gè)木偶的嘴里，分享她的唾液。對于另一個(gè)，她只是先觸摸自己的額

頭，然后觸摸木偶的額頭。在女人表現(xiàn)出痛苦后，嬰兒和蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子會(huì)花更多的時(shí)間看

那個(gè)分享唾液的木偶）”中詳細(xì)介紹了另一個(gè)相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)合段首句“Theteamsawsimilar

resultswhenonewomaninteractedwithtwopuppets.（當(dāng)一名婦女與兩個(gè)木偶互動(dòng)時(shí)，研究小組

也看到了類似的結(jié)果）”可知，第四段是為研究結(jié)果提供支持性證據(jù)。故選A項(xiàng)。

【15題詳析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thisstudythrowsnewlightonchild'spsychology.（這項(xiàng)研究對兒童.心理學(xué)

有了新的認(rèn)識）"和**Futureexperimentscouldswitchoutactressesinthestudyforfamily

membersorteacherstobetterunderstandtherolesalivamayplayinhowbabiesandtoddlers

distinguishdifferenttypesofrelationships.（未來的實(shí)驗(yàn)可能會(huì)把研究中的女演員換成家庭成員

或老師，以更好地理解唾液在嬰幼兒如何區(qū)分不同類型的關(guān)系中可能發(fā)揮的作用）”可推知，

作者肯定這一研究的作用與前景，所以對其持贊成的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余

選項(xiàng)。

NewacademicianstakeagroupphotoafterthecertificateawardingceremonyattheChinese

AcademyofSciences.16Theyaimedtomakegreatercontributionstothedevelopmentof

thenation'sscientificresearchbyencouragingtheyounggenerationandpromotingtheroleof

femalescientists.

AcademicianHuangmadethreecommitmentstohimself—tocontributehisenergyto

scientificresearch;toapplyhisachievementsinthefields;andtoprovidemoreopportunitiesfor

youngpeople."17Byallowingoutstandingyoungpeopletohavesufficientopportunities,

wecanfosteradiversescientificcommunitywithvigorousdebates,“hesaid.

AcademicianJianZhiminadvisedyoungstudentsthatpersistenceisthemostvaluablespiriton

thepathofscientificresearch."18Thisdeterminationandperseveranceareessentialin

scientificresearch,hesaid.

Outofthe59newlyelectedacademiciansthisyear,fiveol（hemarefemalescientists.

AcademicianJinKuijuanmentionedthatwomenhaveuniqueperspectives,andrespectingtherole

ofwomenisofcrucialsignificance.19.

20Forexample,shesaidfundinginstitutionssuchastheNationalNaturalScience

FoundationandtheExcellentYoungScholarsFundhaverelaxedtheiragerestrictions,takinginto

considerationthetimeandenergywomenneedforchildbirthandchildcare.

A.Theyarcmoreresilient（有適應(yīng)力的）,whichcontributestothedevelopmentofscience.

B.Inrecentyears,Jinhasnoticedth?increasingsupportforfemalescientistsinChina.

C.Asacademicians,weneedtosharemoreopportunitieswiththeyoungergeneration.

D.Shehasbothmaleandfemalestudents,whoareirreplaceabletoeachother.

E.The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedattheceremonyonFriday.

F.IhopethehonorIreceivedcaninspiremorefemalestodevelopaninterestinphysics.

G.Toachievesuccessinthefieldofscience,themostimportantthingistopersistwithoriginal

intention.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道中國科學(xué)院新當(dāng)選院士以及他們的科研精神和

對于科研事業(yè)的承諾。

K答案》16.E17.C18.G19.A20.B

【16題詳析】

上文“Newacademicianstakeagroupphotoafterthecertificateawardingceremonyatthe

ChineseAcademyofSciences.（新晉院士在中國科學(xué)院頒證儀式后合影留念。）”描述新晉院

士參力口頒證儀式的場景，結(jié)合常識可知,E項(xiàng)“The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedatthe

ceremonyonFriday.（59位新當(dāng)選的院士在周五的典禮上宣誓就職。）”與上文內(nèi)容相符，說

明頒證儀式的時(shí)間和相關(guān)宣誓程序，下文“Theyaimedtomakegreatercontributionstothe

developmentofthenation'sscientificresearchbyencouragingtheyounggenerationand

promotingtheroleoffemalescientists.（他們旨在是通過鼓勵(lì)年輕一代和提高女科學(xué)家的作用,

為國家的科學(xué)研究的發(fā)展做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。）”說明宣誓相關(guān)內(nèi)容，上下文語意連貫。故選

E項(xiàng)。

【17題詳析】

根據(jù)下文“Byallowingoutstandingyoungpeopletohavesufficientopportunities,wecanfoster

adiversescientificcommunitywithvigorousdebates（讓優(yōu)秀的年輕人有足夠的機(jī)會(huì)，我們可以

培育一個(gè)多元化的科學(xué)界，并進(jìn)行激烈的辯論尸可知，黃院士強(qiáng)調(diào)要給年輕人機(jī)會(huì)，C項(xiàng)

“Asacademicians,weneedtosharemoreopportunitieswiththeyoungergeneration.（作為院士,

我們需要與年輕一代分享更多的機(jī)會(huì)。）”與黃院士觀點(diǎn)一致，句中“Asacademicians,we...”

是黃院士的自稱。故選C項(xiàng)。

【18題詳析】

上文upersistenceisthemostvaluablespiritonthepathofscientificresearch.（堅(jiān)持是科學(xué)研究

道路上最寶貴的精神。）"和下文"Thisdeterminationandperseverancearcessentialin

scientificresearch.（這種決心和毅力在科學(xué)研究中是必不可少的。）”強(qiáng)調(diào)“堅(jiān)持”、“決心”

和“毅力"，G項(xiàng)"Toachievesuccessinthefieldofscience,themostimportantthingisto

persisiwithoriginalintenlion.（要在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得成功，最重要的是堅(jiān)持初心。）”中表達(dá)同樣

的主旨，句中“persistwithoriginalinlenlion”與上下文內(nèi)容相照應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)。

【19題詳析】

上文wAcademicianJinKuijuanmentionedthatwomenhaveuniqueperspectives,andrespecting

theroleofwomenisofcrucialsignificance.（金奎娟院士提到，女性有獨(dú)特的視角，尊重女性

的作用至關(guān)重要。）”提出女性科學(xué)家的重要性，A項(xiàng)“Theyaremoreresilient（有適應(yīng)力的）,

whichcontributestothedevelopmentofscience.（他們適應(yīng)力更強(qiáng)，這有助于科學(xué)的發(fā)展。）”

承接上文，說明女性科學(xué)家的優(yōu)勢，句中指示代詞“They”指代上文中“women”。故選A

項(xiàng)。

【20題詳析】

下文“Forexample,shesaidfundinginstitutionssuchastheNationalNaturalScienceFoundation

andtheExcellentYoungScholarsFundhaverelaxedtheiragerestrictions,takinginto

considerationthetimeandenergywomenneedforchildbirthandchildcare.（例如，她說，國家自

然科學(xué)基金和優(yōu)秀青年學(xué)者基金等資助機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)放寬了年齡限制，考慮到女性生育和照顧孩

子所需的時(shí)間和精力。）”提出相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)在政策上對女性科學(xué)家的支持，是對B項(xiàng)“Inrecent

years,JinhasnoticedtheincreasingsupportforfemalescientistsinChina.（近年來，金注意到中

國對女科學(xué)家的支持越來越多。）”的舉例說明，上下文語意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)。

第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

IhadnotvisitedEtonformanyyears.Whenone-daypassingfromtheFellows,Libraryintothe

Gallery,1caughtsightotthe21otmyschoolfriendDigbyDolbenhangingjustwithout

thedooramongourmost22contemporaries.Iwas23arrestedandasIstood

gazingonit,my24askedmeifIknewwhoitwas.IwasthinkingthatImustbealmostthe

onlypersonwhowouldknowhim.Far25ofmyboyhoodwerecrowding26

uponme:hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth.

Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery27:outstandingdistinctionofbirthor

excellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.28.howcameDolbenthere?Itwas

29hewasapoet;andyethispoemswerenotknown.Theywerecarefully30

byhisfamilyandafewfriends.Indeed,suchofhispoemsascouldhavecometotheeyesofthe

authoritieswhoapprovedofthismemorialwouldnot31it.Therewasanother

32—theportraitbearsitsowncertification.Thoughyoumightnotperhapsunderstand

thepoetinit,youcanseethesoulimmersedindeeptho