2024年二級專業翻譯資格復習資料一、詞匯積累（一）政治經濟類1.“以人民為中心的發展思想”：thepeople-centereddevelopmentphilosophy例句：我們必須堅持以人民為中心的發展思想，不斷提升人民的生活質量。Wemustadheretothepeople-centereddevelopmentphilosophyandcontinuouslyimprovepeople'squalityoflife.2.“經濟高質量發展”：high-qualityeconomicdevelopment例句：推動經濟高質量發展是當前我國經濟工作的重點。Promotinghigh-qualityeconomicdevelopmentisthefocusofChina'scurrenteconomicwork.3.“宏觀經濟政策跨周期調節”：cross-cycleadjustmentofmacroeconomicpolicies例句：實施宏觀經濟政策跨周期調節有助于保持經濟的穩定增長。Implementingcross-cycleadjustmentofmacroeconomicpolicieshelpsmaintainstableeconomicgrowth.4.“共同富裕”：commonprosperity例句：實現共同富裕是社會主義的本質要求。Achievingcommonprosperityisanessentialrequirementofsocialism.5.“數字經濟”：digitaleconomy例句：數字經濟已經成為推動全球經濟增長的新動力。Thedigitaleconomyhasbecomeanewdrivingforceforglobaleconomicgrowth.（二）科技文化類1.“人工智能”：artificialintelligence(AI)例句：人工智能在醫療、交通等領域有著廣泛的應用。Artificialintelligencehasawiderangeofapplicationsinfieldssuchashealthcareandtransportation.2.“大數據”：bigdata例句：大數據分析可以幫助企業更好地了解市場需求。Bigdataanalysiscanhelpenterprisesbetterunderstandmarketdemand.3.“文化軟實力”：culturalsoftpower例句：提升文化軟實力對于增強國家綜合實力至關重要。Enhancingculturalsoftpoweriscrucialforstrengtheningacountry'soverallstrength.4.“非物質文化遺產”：intangibleculturalheritage例句：保護非物質文化遺產是傳承民族文化的重要舉措。Protectingintangibleculturalheritageisanimportantmeasureforinheritingnationalculture.5.“虛擬現實”：virtualreality(VR)例句：虛擬現實技術為用戶帶來了沉浸式的體驗。Virtualrealitytechnologybringsimmersiveexperiencestousers.（三）社會民生類1.“社會保障體系”：socialsecuritysystem例句：完善的社會保障體系可以為人民提供基本的生活保障。Asoundsocialsecuritysystemcanprovidebasiclivingsecurityforthepeople.2.“就業優先政策”：employment-firstpolicy例句：實施就業優先政策有助于緩解就業壓力。Implementingtheemployment-firstpolicyhelpsrelieveemploymentpressure.3.“養老服務”：elderlycareservices例句：隨著老齡化社會的到來，養老服務的需求日益增長。Withthearrivalofanagingsociety,thedemandforelderlycareservicesisincreasingdaybyday.4.“住房保障”：housingsecurity例句：政府應該加大住房保障力度，解決中低收入群體的住房問題。Thegovernmentshouldstrengthenhousingsecuritytosolvethehousingproblemsoflow-andmiddle-incomegroups.5.“公共衛生體系”：publichealthsystem例句：健全的公共衛生體系是應對突發公共衛生事件的關鍵。Asoundpublichealthsystemisthekeytodealingwithpublichealthemergencies.二、語法知識鞏固（一）時態的準確運用1.現在完成時與一般過去時的區別現在完成時強調過去的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或表示從過去持續到現在的動作或狀態；一般過去時只強調過去發生的動作。例1：IhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.（表示從過去開始到現在一直住在北京）例2：IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.（只說明過去某個時間住在北京）2.將來完成時表示在將來某個時間之前已經完成的動作。例：Bytheendofnextmonth,Iwillhavefinishedthisproject.（到下個月底，我將已經完成這個項目）（二）虛擬語氣1.與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣從句用一般過去時（be動詞用were），主句用would/should/could/might+動詞原形。例：IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthisoffer.（如果我是你，我會接受這個提議）2.與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣從句用過去完成時，主句用would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞。例：Ifhehadstudiedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.（如果他學習更努力些，他就會通過考試了）（三）定語從句1.限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的區別限定性定語從句對先行詞起限定作用，不用逗號隔開；非限定性定語從句對先行詞起補充說明作用，用逗號隔開。例1：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（限定性，說明是昨天買的那本書）例2：Mymother,whoisateacher,lovesreading.（非限定性，對媽媽進行補充說明）2.關系代詞和關系副詞的用法關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等；關系副詞有when,where,why等。例1：Themanwho/thathelpedmeismyfriend.（指人，作主語用who/that）例2：TheplacewhereIwasbornisabeautifulvillage.（指地點，用where）三、翻譯技巧提升（一）詞類轉換1.名詞轉動詞原文：Theuseofatomicenergywillrevolutionizethelivesofcominggenerations.譯文：利用原子能將使后代人的生活發生革命性的變化。2.形容詞轉動詞原文：Theyweresuspiciousofhiswords.譯文：他們懷疑他的話。（二）增詞減詞1.增詞原文：Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.譯文：讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，寫作使人準確。（增“使人”）2.減詞原文：Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.譯文：月亮正慢慢從海面升起。（減“the”）（三）語序調整原文：Imetanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.譯文：昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。（英語時間狀語一般在句末，漢語一般在句首）四、翻譯練習（一）漢譯英1.中國致力于推動構建人類命運共同體，為世界和平與發展作出貢獻。Chinaiscommittedtopromotingthebuildingofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindandmakingcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.2.科技創新是推動經濟發展的重要動力。Technologicalinnovationisanimportantdrivingforceforeconomicdevelopment.3.教育是民族振興、社會進步的重要基石。Educationisanimportantcornerstonefornationalrejuvenationandsocialprogress.4.我們應該加強環境保護，共同守護地球家園。WeshouldstrengthenenvironmentalprotectionandjointlysafeguardourplanetEarth.5.文化交流可以增進不同國家和民族之間的相互理解。Culturalexchangescanenhancemutualunderstandingbetweendifferentcountriesandnations.6.這座城市有著悠久的歷史和豐富的文化遺產。Thiscityhasalonghistoryandrichculturalheritage.7.政府采取了一系列措施來應對就業問題。Thegovernmenthastakenaseriesofmeasurestoaddresstheemploymentissue.8.互聯網的發展改變了人們的生活方式。ThedevelopmentoftheInternethaschangedpeople'slifestyles.9.體育鍛煉有助于保持身體健康。Physicalexercisehelpsmaintaingoodhealth.10.隨著全球化的發展，國際合作變得越來越重要。Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,internationalcooperationhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.（二）英譯漢1.Thedevelopmentofnewenergysourcesiscrucialforsustainabledevelopment.新能源的開發對于可持續發展至關重要。2.Theinternationalcommunityshouldworktogethertocombatclimatechange.國際社會應該共同努力應對氣候變化。3.Thecompanyisplanningtoexpanditsbusinessoverseas.這家公司正計劃拓展海外業務。4.Educationisthekeytounlockinghumanpotential.教育是開啟人類潛能的關鍵。5.Therapidgrowthofe-commercehastransformedtheretailindustry.電子商務的快速發展改變了零售業。6.Thegovernmentiscommittedtoimprovingpeople'slivingstandards.政府致力于提高人民的生活水平。7.Theculturaldiversityoftheworldenrichesourlives.世界的文化多樣性豐富了我們的生活。8.Theresearchfindingshaveimportantimplicationsforfuturepolicies.這些研究成果對未來的政策有著重要的啟示。9.Theuseofadvancedtechnologycanimproveproductionefficiency.先進技術的應用可以提高生產效率。10.Thegoalofpovertyreductionhasbeenachievedinmanydevelopingcountries.許多發展中國家已經實現了減貧目標。五、模擬測試題（一）詞匯選擇題1.Theconceptof“________”emphasizestheimportanceofpeople'swell-beingindevelopment.A.people-centereddevelopmentphilosophyB.high-qualityeconomicdevelopmentC.cross-cycleadjustmentofmacroeconomicpoliciesD.commonprosperity答案：A2.________referstotheeconomicformbasedondigitaltechnology.A.ArtificialintelligenceB.BigdataC.DigitaleconomyD.Virtualreality答案：C3.The________isdesignedtoprovidebasiclivingsecurityforthepeople.A.socialsecuritysystemB.employment-firstpolicyC.elderlycareservicesD.housingsecurity答案：A4.________technologycanbringimmersiveexperiencestousers.A.ArtificialintelligenceB.BigdataC.DigitaleconomyD.Virtualreality答案：D5.The________isanimportantmeasureforinheritingnationalculture.A.culturalsoftpowerB.intangibleculturalheritageC.publichealthsystemD.high-qualityeconomicdevelopment答案：B（二）語法選擇題1.IfI________you,I________takethatjob.A.am;willB.were;wouldC.was;wouldD.are;will答案：B2.Bytheendofthisyear,she________thiscourse.A.willfinishB.willhavefinishedC.finishesD.hasfinished答案：B3.Theman________isstandingoverthereismybrother.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.where答案：A4.I________inBeijingfortenyearsbeforeImovedtoShanghai.A.havelivedB.hadlivedC.livedD.wasliving答案：B5.Thereason________hewaslateisthathemissedthebus.A.whyB.whichC.whoD.that答案：A（三）翻譯題1.漢譯英：我們要堅持創新驅動發展，加快科技成果轉化。Weshouldadheretoinnovation-drivendevelopmentandacceleratethetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalachievements.2.英譯漢：Thegovernmenthasimplementedaseriesofpoliciestopromoteeconomicrecovery.政府已經實施了一系列政策來促進經濟復蘇。3.漢譯英：綠色發展是實現可持續發展的必由之路。Greendevelopmentistheonlywaytoachievesustainabledevelopment.4.英譯漢：Thedevelopmentof5Gtechnologywillbring