2023年英語專業八級考試備考資料聽力部分講座（Mini-lecture）1.題目：TheImportanceofCulturalHeritagePreservationInmodernsociety,culturalheritageservesasabridgethatconnectsthepast,present,andfuture.Itisnotonlyareflectionofanation'shistoryandtraditionsbutalsoasourceofidentityandprideforitspeople.Therearemainlytwotypesofculturalheritage:tangibleandintangible.Tangibleculturalheritageincludeshistoricalbuildings,archaeologicalsites,andworksofart.Thesephysicalobjectsareoftenwell-preservedinmuseumsorprotectedareas.Forexample,theGreatWallinChinaisaremarkabletangibleculturalheritagethatattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.Intangibleculturalheritage,ontheotherhand,consistsoftraditions,performingarts,andoraltraditions.TheChineseSpringFestivalcustomsareaprimeexampleofintangibleculturalheritage.However,culturalheritageisfacingnumerousthreats.Urbanizationhasledtothedestructionofmanyhistoricalbuildingstomakewayfornewconstruction.Pollutioncanalsodamagearchaeologicalsitesandworksofartovertime.Moreover,globalizationhascausedsometraditionalculturestobegraduallyforgottenaspeoplearemoreinfluencedbyWesterncultures.Topreserveculturalheritage,governmentsshouldplayaleadingrole.Theycanenactlawstoprotecthistoricalbuildingsandarchaeologicalsites.Forinstance,Italyhasstrictlawsregardingthepreservationofitsancientruins.Atthesametime,publicawarenessneedstoberaised.Schoolscanincorporateculturalheritageeducationintotheircurriculums,andmuseumscanholdmoreexhibitionstopromoteculturalheritage.Questions:1.Whatdoesculturalheritageconnectinmodernsociety?Answer:Itconnectsthepast,present,andfuture.2.Howmanymaintypesofculturalheritagearementioned?Answer:Two(tangibleandintangible).3.Giveanexampleoftangibleculturalheritage.Answer:TheGreatWallinChina.4.Whatdoesintangibleculturalheritageconsistof?Answer:Traditions,performingarts,andoraltraditions.5.Whatarethethreatstoculturalheritage?Answer:Urbanization,pollution,andglobalization.6.Whoshouldplayaleadingroleinculturalheritagepreservation?Answer:Governments.7.Howcangovernmentspreserveculturalheritage?Answer:Byenactinglawstoprotecthistoricalbuildingsandarchaeologicalsites.8.Giveanexampleofacountrywithstrictlawsforheritagepreservation.Answer:Italy.9.Howcanpublicawarenessaboutculturalheritageberaised?Answer:Schoolscanincorporateculturalheritageeducationintocurriculums,andmuseumscanholdmoreexhibitions.10.Whatisanexampleofintangibleculturalheritagementioned?Answer:TheChineseSpringFestivalcustoms.會話（Conversation/Interview）Conversation:A:Hi,I'minterestedinstudyingabroad.Canyougivemesomeadvice?B:Sure.First,youneedtodecidewhichcountryyouwanttogoto.Differentcountrieshavedifferenteducationalsystemsandcultures.Forexample,theUKhasalong-standingeducationaltraditionwithmanyworld-famousuniversitieslikeOxfordandCambridge.TheUSisalsoapopulardestination,offeringawiderangeofcoursesandaverydiversecampusenvironment.A:Thatsoundsgreat.Buthowaboutthecost?B:Thecostvariesgreatly.IntheUK,tuitionfeesforinternationalstudentscanbequitehigh,especiallyintop-tieruniversities.AndthelivingcostinbigcitieslikeLondonisalsoexpensive.IntheUS,thecostalsodependsonthelocationandthetypeofinstitution.Publicuniversitiesmayberelativelycheaperthanprivateones.A:Whatabouttheapplicationprocess?B:Generally,youneedtoprepareyouracademictranscripts,lettersofrecommendation,andapersonalstatement.Forsomecourses,youmayalsoneedtotakestandardizedtestsliketheTOEFLorIELTSforlanguageproficiencyandtheGREorGMATforgraduate-levelcourses.A:Isee.Thankyouverymuchforyouradvice.B:You'rewelcome.Ihopeyoucanfindtherightplacetostudy.Questions:11.WhatdoesAwanttodo?Answer:Awantstostudyabroad.12.WhichtwocountriesdoesBmentionaspopularstudy-abroaddestinations?Answer:TheUKandtheUS.13.WhatisspecialabouttheUK'seducation?Answer:Ithasalong-standingeducationaltraditionwithmanyworld-famousuniversitieslikeOxfordandCambridge.14.WhatkindofcampusenvironmentdoestheUSoffer?Answer:Averydiversecampusenvironment.15.WhataffectsthecostofstudyingintheUS?Answer:Thelocationandthetypeofinstitution.16.ArepublicuniversitiesintheUSmoreorlessexpensivethanprivateones?Answer:Publicuniversitiesarerelativelycheaperthanprivateones.17.Whatarethegeneralrequirementsfortheapplicationprocess?Answer:Academictranscripts,lettersofrecommendation,andapersonalstatement.18.Whatstandardizedtestsmayberequiredforlanguageproficiency?Answer:TOEFLorIELTS.19.Whatstandardizedtestsmayberequiredforgraduate-levelcourses?Answer:GREorGMAT.20.HowdoesAfeelaboutB'sadvice?Answer:Aisgrateful(asAsays"Thankyouverymuch").閱讀理解部分Passage1:TheDigitalDivideThedigitaldividereferstothegapbetweenindividuals,households,businesses,andgeographicareasatdifferentsocioeconomiclevelsintermsoftheiraccesstoinformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICTs)andtheiruseoftheInternetforawidevarietyofactivities.Inmanydevelopingcountries,alargeportionofthepopulationstilllacksaccesstobasicICTinfrastructuresuchashigh-speedbroadband.Ruralareasareoftenthemostaffected,wherethecostofinstallingbroadbandnetworksishighduetothelowpopulationdensity.Inaddition,thelackofdigitalskillsamongthepopulationintheseareasalsocontributestothedigitaldivide.Ontheotherhand,indevelopedcountries,althoughmostpeoplehaveaccesstotheInternet,thereisstilladivideintermsofthequalityofaccessandthetypesofonlineactivitiestheyengagein.Forexample,low-incomefamiliesmayonlyhaveaccesstoslowandunreliableInternetconnections,whilehigh-incomefamiliescanaffordhigh-speedfiber-opticconnections.Tobridgethedigitaldivide,governmentsandinternationalorganizationsneedtotakeseveralmeasures.Firstly,theyshouldinvestintheexpansionofICTinfrastructure,especiallyinruralandunderdevelopedareas.Secondly,theyshouldprovidedigitalskillstrainingprogramstoimprovethedigitalliteracyofthepopulation.Finally,policiesshouldbemadetoensurethatthecostofInternetaccessisaffordableforall.Questions:21.Whatdoesthedigitaldividereferto?Answer:Thegapbetweenindividuals,households,businesses,andgeographicareasatdifferentsocioeconomiclevelsintermsoftheiraccesstoICTsandtheiruseoftheInternet.22.WhichareasindevelopingcountriesaremostaffectedbythelackofICTinfrastructure?Answer:Ruralareas.23.Whyisitexpensivetoinstallbroadbandnetworksinruralareas?Answer:Duetothelowpopulationdensity.24.Whatelsecontributestothedigitaldivideindevelopingcountries?Answer:Thelackofdigitalskillsamongthepopulation.25.Indevelopedcountries,whatkindofdividestillexists?Answer:Adivideintermsofthequalityofaccessandthetypesofonlineactivities.26.WhatkindofInternetconnectionscanlow-incomefamiliesindevelopedcountriesget?Answer:SlowandunreliableInternetconnections.27.WhatkindofInternetconnectionscanhigh-incomefamiliesindevelopedcountriesafford?Answer:High-speedfiber-opticconnections.28.Whatshouldgovernmentsandinternationalorganizationsdotobridgethedigitaldivide?Answer:InvestintheexpansionofICTinfrastructure,providedigitalskillstrainingprograms,andmakepoliciestoensureaffordableInternetaccess.29.WhyisitimportanttoexpandICTinfrastructureinruralandunderdevelopedareas?Answer:ToreducethedigitaldividebyprovidingaccesstoICTsforthepopulationintheseareas.30.Whatisthepurposeofdigitalskillstrainingprograms?Answer:Toimprovethedigitalliteracyofthepopulation.Passage2:TheFutureofWorkThefutureofworkisbeingshapedbyrapidtechnologicaladvancements,demographicchanges,andglobalization.Automationandartificialintelligence(AI)areexpectedtoreplacemanyroutinejobsinthecomingyears.Forexample,jobsinmanufacturing,dataentry,andsomeadministrativetasksarelikelytobeautomated.However,thesetechnologicalchangesalsocreatenewopportunities.Jobsinthetechnologysector,suchassoftwaredevelopment,dataanalysis,andAIresearch,areontherise.Inaddition,theservicesectorisalsoexpectedtogrow,especiallyinareaslikehealthcare,education,andhospitality.Demographicchanges,suchasanagingpopulationinmanydevelopedcountries,willalsohaveanimpactonthefutureofwork.Therewillbeagreaterdemandforworkersinthehealthcareandelderly-caresectors.Atthesametime,theshrinkingworking-agepopulationmayleadtolaborshortagesinsomeindustries.Globalizationhasmadeiteasierforcompaniestooutsourcejobstocountrieswithlowerlaborcosts.Thishasledtojoblossesinsomehigh-costcountries,butithasalsocreatedopportunitiesforworkersinlow-costcountries.Toprepareforthefutureofwork,individualsneedtoacquirenewskills.Lifelonglearningwillbecomeessentialasworkersneedtoconstantlyupdatetheirskillstokeepupwithtechnologicalchanges.Employersalsoneedtoinvestinemployeetraininganddevelopmenttoensureaskilledworkforce.Questions:31.Whatfactorsareshapingthefutureofwork?Answer:Rapidtechnologicaladvancements,demographicchanges,andglobalization.32.Whatareexpectedtoreplacemanyroutinejobsinthecomingyears?Answer:Automationandartificialintelligence(AI).33.Giveanexampleofasectorwherejobsarelikelytobeautomated.Answer:Manufacturing.34.Whatnewjobopportunitiesarecreatedbytechnologicalchanges?Answer:Jobsinthetechnologysector(softwaredevelopment,dataanalysis,AIresearch)andtheservicesector(healthcare,education,hospitality).35.Howwilldemographicchangesaffectthefutureofwork?Answer:Therewillbeagreaterdemandforworkersinhealthcareandelderly-caresectors,andtheremaybelaborshortagesinsomeindustriesduetotheshrinkingworking-agepopulation.36.Whatimpacthasglobalizationhadonjobs?Answer:Ithasledtojoblossesinsomehigh-costcountriesandcreatedopportunitiesforworkersinlow-costcountries.37.Whyislifelonglearningessentialforworkers?Answer:Toconstantlyupdatetheirskillstokeepupwithtechnologicalchanges.38.Whatshouldemployersdotoprepareforthefutureofwork?Answer:Investinemployeetraininganddevelopmenttoensureaskilledworkforce.39.Nameaservice-sectorareathatisexpectedtogrow.Answer:Healthcare.40.Whatkindofjobsarelikelytobeautomatedaccordingtothepassage?Answer:Routinejobssuchasthoseinmanufacturing,dataentry,andsomeadministrativetasks.語言知識部分41.Theoldmanisalways______hispastexperiencesinthewar.A.recallingB.remindingC.memorizingD.recognizingAnswer:A.“recall”meanstobringbacktothemind,whichisappropriatehereastheoldmanisbringingbackhispastwarexperiences.“remind”usuallyrequiresanobjectandisusedinthestructure“remindsb.ofsth.”;“memorize”focusesontheactoflearningandremembering;“recognize”isaboutidentifyingsomethingorsomeone.42.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtohaveapositive______ontheeconomy.A.affectB.effectC.effortD.affordAnswer:B.“effect”isanoun,and“haveaneffecton”isacommonphrasemeaningtoinfluence.“affect”isaverb;“effort”meansthephysicalormentalenergyusedtodosomething;“afford”meanstobeabletobuyordosomething.43.Shehasa______formusicandcanplayseveralinstrumentsverywell.A.giftB.talentC.abilityD.skillAnswer:B.“talent”emphasizesanaturalabilityoraptitude,especiallyinaparticulararealikemusic.“gift”alsoimpliesanaturalabilitybutismoreoftenusedinamoregeneralorspiritualsense;“ability”isamoregeneraltermforthepowertodosomething;“skill”referstotheabilitytodosomethingwellthroughpractice.44.Theprofessor'sspeechwasso______thatmostofthestudentsfellasleep.A.boringB.boredC.interestingD.interestedAnswer:A.“boring”isusedtodescribesomethingthatcausesboredom,while“bored”isusedtodescribeaperson'sfeeling.“interesting”and“interested”arerelatedtosomethingthatarousesinterest,whichistheoppositeofthesituationdescribed.45.______theheavyrain,thefootballmatchwaspostponed.A.BecauseB.SinceC.AsD.BecauseofAnswer:D.“Becauseof”isfollowedbyanounornounphrase,and“theheavyrain”isanounphrase.“Because”,“Since”,and“As”arefollowedbyclauses.46.Thecompanyisplanningto______itsbusinessoverseas.A.expandB.extendC.spreadD.stretchAnswer:A.“expand”meanstoincreaseinsize,number,orscope,whichissuitableforacompany'sbusinessexpansion.“extend”usuallymeanstomakesomethinglongerorlastlonger;“spread”ismoreaboutthedisseminationofsomething;“stretch”isoftenrelatedtophysicallystretchinganobjectoroneself.47.Theyoungmanshowedgreat______inthefaceofdanger.A.braveryB.courageC.boldnessD.fearlessnessAnswer:B.“courage”isthequalityofbeingbraveandfacingdifficultiesor