學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精英語北師版必修4Unit12CultureShockCommunicationWorkshop＆CultureCorner一、對話有正式和非正式之分。下列提供了三組日常對話，請判斷各組中哪些是正式用語，哪些是非正式用語1．GreetingsABSamplesentenceSampleresponseSamplesentenceSampleresponseHey./Hi.Hey。/Hi.Hello,Mr.Smith.Hello。Howareyou？I’mfine./Allright.Hello，doctor。Hello.Howarethings？Prettygood。Goodmorning。How’sitgoing？OK./Notbad。FORMAL：______INFORMAL:______2．IntroductionsABSamplesentenceSampleresponseSamplesentenceSampleresponseDr。White,I'dliketointroduceyoutoRachel。It'sapleasuretomeetyou./Pleasedtomeetyou。Ann，thisisJim。He’sinmyclass。Hi，Jim.Nicetomeetyou。Hi。Myname’sJohn.I'mDave。Nicetomeetyou.FORMAL：______INFORMAL：______3．Good。byesABSamplesentenceSampleresponseSamplesentenceSampleresponseItwasnicemeetingyou.Itwasnicemeetingyoutoo.Nicemeetingyou。Youtoo.Takeiteasy。Itwasnicetoseeyou。Sametoyou。Takecare。I'moff.OK，bye.FORMAL：______INFORMAL：______答案：1。FORMAL：BINFORMAL:A2．FORMAL：AINFORMAL:B3．FORMAL：AINFORMAL：B二、從CommunicationWorkshop＆CultureCorner中找出下列短語并翻譯1．helpsb。out______________________________________________________________2．lookforwardto__________________________________________________________3．agreewith______________________________________________________________4．asenseof______________________________________________________________5．fromanearlyage________________________________________________________6．belongto______________________________________________________________7．returnto_______________________________________________________________8．beassociatedwith_______________________________________________________9．tellof_________________________________________________________________10．on...occasion__________________________________________________________11．bringanendto_________________________________________________________12．becomesensitiveto_____________________________________________________答案：1.幫助某人擺脫困境2.期盼3.同意4。一種……感5.從幼年起6.屬于7.返回8.與……有關9.講述10.在……場合11.使結束12.變得對……敏感三、閱讀Aborigines—theNativeAustralians,根據其內容把下列句子補充完整1．Aborigineshadnosenseoflandownership，buttheywerewellawareof____________.2．Theplacesforburyingdeathswere______and______.3．Therewasnocommon______amongthe600tribes。4.____________recordedtheearlyhistoryofAborigines。5．ThetraditionalAboriginalwayoflifewasgradually______bythewhitepeople。6．Nowadays,“new”Australianshavebecomemore______abouttheAborigines’situation。答案:1.tribalboundaries2.particular；sacred3.dialect4.Rockpaintings5。destroyed6.concerned1.考點：additionn．相加，增加物Notetheadditionofaweblinkatthebottomofthereport。請注意報道底部附加的網頁鏈接。They'vejusthadanadditiontothefamily。他們家里剛剛又添了一口人。Themuseum'scollectionincludesseveralnewadditions.這個博物館新增了幾件藏品.1）inaddition另外Inaddition，doinghomeworkisaverygoodandeffectivewayoflearning.另外，做家庭作業是一種非常好且有效的學習方法。ThecompanyprovidescheapInternetaccess。Inaddition，itmakessharewarefreelyavailable。該公司提供廉價的網絡接入，此外,它還提供免費的共享軟件。2）inadditionto除……之外（還有)Inadditiontoinconvenience，poweroffarecausingmajoreconomiclosses.停電除了帶來不便以外，還會造成經濟損失。Inadditiontohardwork，heattributedhissuccesstogoodopportunities.除了工作努力外，他把他的成功歸功于好的機遇。單項填空1)Mountainclimbingmustbeverytiring。______，youmightfeelsickwiththeairgettingthinner.A．Inaddition B．Inturn C．Inreturn D．Incase選詞填空：inaddition和inadditionto2)____________thenamesonthelist,therearesixotherapplicants。3)____________，therearesixotherapplicants.答案：1）A2）Inadditionto3）Inaddition2。考點：contrastn。差異，對照Therecanbenodifferencewithoutcontrast。有比較才有差別。Whenyoulookattheirnewsystem,oursseemsveryold。fashionedbycontrast.看看他們的新系統,我們的相比之下就顯得太過時了。Thecompanylost$13millionthisyear，incontrastwithaprofitof＄15millionlastyear.同去年1，500萬元的盈利相比，公司今年虧損了1，300萬元。Thecontrastinappearancebetweenthesisterswasstriking。兩姐妹在相貌上有顯著的差別。Thisbusysociallifewasacompletecontrasttohisoldquietlife.這種忙碌的社交生活同他過去平靜的生活截然不同。歸納:與contrast相關的常用搭配：bycontrast相比incontrastwith/to與……相比contrastin在……的差別acontrastto與……截然不同用適當的介詞填空1）Thestocklost60centsashare，______contrasttolastyear，whenitgained21cents。2）Heworeadarksuitandtie，acontrast______thebrightlycoloredshirtsheusuallywears.3）Incontrast______thehotdays，thenightsarebitterlycold。答案:1)in2)to3)to/with3．TherewasnowrittenAboriginallanguageand,infact，mostofthe600tribesspokedifferentdialectsandrarelymetexceptonceremonialoccasions.澳大利亞土著居民沒有書面語言，實際上,600個部落中的大多數說不同的方言，除了在慶典上也很少碰面。考點：rarelyadv。很少地Thecountry’scarindustryissostronglyprotectedthatforeigncarsarerarelyseenthere.該國對汽車工業嚴加保護，外國汽車在那里甚為罕見。Wehaverarelyfoundhiminsuchagoodmood。我們很少看到他情緒那么好。1)rarely表示“幾乎不"。ShewasrarelyrecognizableasthegirlIhadknownatthetimewhenIwasachild.我幾乎認不出她就是我小時候認識的那個女孩兒了。2)含rarely的特殊句式:Herarelytalkedabouthisownwork，didhe？他很少談論自己的工作，是嗎？Rarelydoesthesongohome，sohismothermisseshimsomuch.那個兒子很少回家,所以他的母親很想他。歸納：rarely表示部分否定.在反意疑問句中，若陳述部分含有rarely，否定部分用肯定形式；rarely置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序。按要求改寫句子1）Sheveryrarelycomplains。(反意疑問句)Sheveryrarelycomplains，____________？2）Shewasrarelyseeninpublic.(倒裝句）____________inpublic。答案:1）doesshe2)Rarelywassheseen4．SomeofthemostspectacularandbestpreservedcanbeseenatrockgalleriesinKakaduNationalParkandotherpartsofNorthernAustralia.其中一些最令人震撼和保存最完好的(壁畫）可以在卡卡度國家公園和澳大利亞北部其他地區的巖石藝術館見到.考點:preservevt。保存，保護Wemustpreserveournaturalresources。我們必須保護自然資源。Whatcanwedotopreservethecompanyfromruin？我們怎么做才能保護這家公司免于破產？歸納：常用搭配為preservesb./sth。fromsth.,意為“保護……使免受……”。派生詞：preservationn．保護，維護Thepaintingswereinanexcellentstateofpreservation.這些畫保存完好.單項填空Naturalreservationsaresetto______thewildanimalsandplants。A．raiseB．preserveC．keepD．take答案：B一、CultureShockCultureshockreferstotheanxietyandfeelings(ofsurprise，disorientation，uncertainty，confusion，etc。)feltwhenpeoplehavetooperatewithinadifferentandunknownculturalorsocialenvironment，suchasaforeigncountry.Itgrowsoutofthedifficultiesinabsorbingthenewculture，causingdifficultyinknowingwhatisappropriateandwhatisnot.Thisisoftencombinedwithadislikefororevendisgust（反感）withcertainaspectsofthenewordifferentculture.Theshock(ofmovingtoaforeigncountry）oftenconsistsofdistinctphases，thoughnoteveryonepassesthroughthesephasesandnoteveryoneisinthenewculturelongenoughtopassthroughallthree：HoneymoonPhase—Duringthisperiodthedifferencesbetweentheoldandnewcultureareseeninaromanticlight,wonderfulandnew.Forexample,inmovingtoanewcountry，anindividualmightlovethenewfoods,thepaceofthelife,thepeople'shabits，thebuildingsandsoon。Duringthefirstfewweeksmostpeoplearefascinatedbythenewculture。Theyassociatewiththenationalsthatspeaktheirlanguageandarepolitetotheforeigners.Thisperiodisfullofobservationsandnewdiscoveries.Likemanyhoneymoonsthisstageeventuallyends。NegotiationPhase—Aftersometime(usuallyweeks），differencesbetweentheoldandnewculturebecomeapparentandmaycreateanxiety.Onemaylongforfoodthewayitispreparedinone’snativecountry，mayfindthepaceoflifetoofastorslow，mayfindthepeople'shabitsannoying,disgusting，andirritatingetc.Thisphaseisoftenmarkedbymoodswingscausedbyminorissuesorwithoutapparentreasons。Thisiswhereexcitementturnstodisappointmentandmoreandmoredifferencesstarttooccur。Depressionisnotuncommon.AdjustmentPhase—Again，aftersometime（usually6～12months）,onegrowsaccustomedtothenewcultureanddevelopsroutines.Oneknowswhattoexpectinmostsituationsandthehostcountrynolongerfeelsallthatnew。Onebecomesconcernedwithbasiclivingagain，andthingsbecomemore“normal”．Onestartstodevelopproblem。solvingskillsfordealingwiththeculture，andbeginstoaccepttheculturewithapositiveattitude.Theculturebeginstomakesense,andnegativereactionsandresponsestotheculturearereduced.Reachingthisstagerequiresaconstructiveresponsetocultureshockwitheffectivemeansofadaption.二、英國的國民性格英國人保守、冷漠、謙虛、幽默、不喜歡夸夸其談，更不喜歡別人打聽自己的私事。談論天氣是英國人永恒的話題。英國人不喜歡大聲喧嘩,也忌諱眾人面前相互耳語，與他人談話，也注意保持一段距離.英國人注重禮節，“Please”和“Thankyou”是最常用語，“Ladyfirst”是人人知的行為準則。人們互相約會要提前一周左右，一般先用電話聯系好.英國人對自己的時間習慣于有條理的安排,隨便打亂和改變計劃、輕易辭掉約會，是對人的不尊敬和失禮.英國人喜歡明碼標價，不喜歡討價還價。到英國人家里做客，早到是被認為不禮貌的,準時赴約、餐后1小時告別是最好的方式.赴約時，別忘了帶一些小禮物送給女主人。吃飯時，嘴里盡量別出聲響，刀叉盡量輕拿輕放，不要勸酒,也不要不停地與人交談。英國人有付小費的習慣，對餐廳的侍者和出租車司機應按賬單的1/8~1/10付小費；行李員的小費標準為每件行李50~75便士；理發師的小費標準為2鎊。很多英國人都相信13日又恰是星期五的話，是個不吉利的日子。英國人不習慣過多的感情外露，更不善于做淺薄的調笑、打趣，但可以成為快樂的伙伴.三、澳大利亞的風土人情澳大利亞人既有西方人的爽朗,又有東方人的矜持。他們興趣廣泛，喜歡體育運動,如沖浪、帆板、賽馬、釣魚、地滾球、澳式足球(Australianrulesfootball)、橄欖球（Rugby）及游泳等,并且都有眾多的熱衷者。土著人居住在澳大利亞的土著人(也稱原住民),仍然堅守著自己的風俗習慣。他們以狩獵為生，“飛去來器"(回旋鏢)（boomerang)是他們獨特的狩獵武器。他們大多仍居住在用樹枝和泥土搭成的窩棚里，圍一塊布或用袋鼠皮蔽體,并喜歡文身或在身上涂抹各種顏色。平時僅在頰、肩和胸部涂上一些黃白顏色，節慶儀式或節日歌舞時彩繪全身。文身多為粗線條，有的像雨點，有的似波紋，對經過成年禮的