美國文學(1)殖民地時期文學TableofContentsTableofContentsIntroductionBriefOutlineofAmericanLiteratureChapterIColonialPeriod

IntroductionAmericanLiterature

AmericanliteratureistheliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbyAmericancitizens.Canonofliteratureconcurrenceofciritcspersistentinfluencefrequentreferencetoanauthororworkwildspreadassignmentideology,politicalinterestandvalueofeliteclassHistoricalOverviewColonialPeriod(1607-1765)殖民時期Enlightenment&theWarofIndependence(1765-1800)啟蒙時期RomanticPeriod（1800-1865）浪漫主義時期RealisticPeriod(1865-1918)現實主義時期Modernism(1918-1945)現代主義時期ContemporaryLiterature(1945-)當代文學ColonialPeriod(1607-1775)ChapterOne主要內容:Generalbackground,majorwritersandtheirworks重點難點:AmericanPuritanismanditsinfluenceonAmericanLiteratureI.HistoricalIntroduction1earlyhistory:1)AmericawasfirstdiscoveredbyColumbusattheendofthe15thcentury.2)In1607,CaptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean(Jamestown,Virginia)3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent“NewEngland”.(Plymouth,Massachusetts)2.people:Indianswerenativeinhabitants.NowAmericansaremainlyimmigrantsmostlyfromEurope,esp.fromEngland.大家學習辛苦了，還是要堅持繼續保持安靜TheColonizationTheGreatDiscoveryoftheNewLandin1492byColumbusHenryVII,KingofEngland,establishedin1497aclaimtothecontinentaldomain.QueenElizabethcametothethroneofEnglandin1558,begantotakeaseriousinterestintherealestateintheNewWorld.Underherencouragement,manymerchantsandsailorshadbeguntheirexploringjourneysintotheNewLand.Amongthem,therewasapersonnamedCaptainJohnSmith.thefoundingofJamestowninVirginiain1607.3.

WhatisthePuritan?(p7-9)PuritanisEnglishprotestant.TheyregardedthereformationoftheChurchunderElizabethasincomplete,andcalledforitsfurther“purification”fromwhattheyconsideredtobeunscriptural

andcorruptformsandceremoniesretainedfromtheunreformedchurch.3.

WhatisthePuritanism?(p7-9)PuritanismisareligiousandpoliticalmovementthatdevelopedinEnglandaboutthemiddleofthe16thcenturyandlaterspreadinfluenceintotheNewEnglandinAmerica.

The17thcenturyAmericanPuritansincludedtwoparts:

onepartofthemwerethecreatorsofthePlymouth(普利茅斯)colony,called“Separatists”.

TheotherpartwastheEnglishmenintheMassachusettsBayColony.ThoughtheycamelaterthanthoseofPlymouthcolony,theywerericherandbetter-educated.TheirBeliefsTheyregardedthemselvesaschosenpeopleofGod.Theyembracedhardships,industryandfrugality.Theyfavoredadisciplined,hard,somber,asceticandharshlife.Theyopposedartsandpleasure.Theysuspectjoyandlaughterassymptomsofsin.MainDoctrinesofAmericanPuritanismthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandatonement.StrongSenseofMission:PuritansdreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderandworkedwithahopetobuildaGardenofEdeninAmerica.Thisshowsthattheyareindeedidealists.Puritanismencouragedpeopletostruggleintheircareer.Ifone’sbusinesswasbooming,itprovedthathehadgainedgod’sprovidence.Puritansstressedhardwork,thrift,pietyandsobriety.Inpeople’sdailylife,religiousactivitieswereamatteroffirstimportance.Theirlivesweredisciplinedandhard.WhydidPuritanscometoAmerica?

(1)

toreformtheChurchofEngland

(2)tohaveanentirelynewchurch

(3)toescapereligiouspersecution

*God’schosenpeople

*ToseekanewGardenofEden

*Tobuild“CityofGodonearth”II.EarlyAmericanWritersandPoets1.South,Jamestown,Virginia:CaptainJohnSmith---firstAmericanwriter;8worksContributions:hisdescriptionofAmericawerefilledwiththemes,myths,images,scenes,charactersandeventsthatwereafoundationforthenation’sliterature.HeluredthePilgrimsintofleeinghereandcreatingaNewland.2.North,NewEngland,PuritanWritersWilliamBradford:firstgovernorofPlymouth,TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation,simplicity,earnestness,directreporting,readable,moving.JohnWinthrop:firstgovernorofBoston,TheHistoryofNewEngland,

3.TwoPoets:AnneBradstreet,EdwardTaylorJohnSmith(1580-1631)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasanEnglish

soldier,sailor,andauthorHeisrememberedforhisroleinestablishingthefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaatJamestown,Virginia.HewasaleaderoftheVirginia佛吉尼亞州Colony(basedatJamestown)betweenSeptember1608andAugust1609,andledanexplorationalongtheriversofVirginiaandtheChesapeakeBay.切薩皮克灣[ChesapeakeBay]

美國東部大西洋沿岸的海灣。南段在弗吉尼亞，北段在馬里蘭，長311千米，寬5～40千米面積約8,365平方千米。有多條河流注入，其中包括薩斯奎漢納河、帕塔克森特河、波托馬克河和詹姆斯河。詹姆斯敦是海灣區的第一個歐洲人居住區，建于1607年。一年后，J.史密斯船長探測并繪制了海灣及其各河口的地圖。切薩皮克灣的水域有豐富的海洋生物，但到20世紀70年代，周圍地區的開發使得海灣的污染嚴重，捕魚量急遽下降。為了彌補損失政府已采取了各種措施。2.HisliteraryachievementsHeisthefirstAmericanWriter.Hisfirstliteraryworkcomesfrompartofaletterwiththetitle“ATrueRelationofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony”(1608).AMapofVirginia:withaDescriptionoftheCountry(1621)GeneralHistoryofVirginia(1624)波卡洪塔斯[Pocahontas]

波瓦坦族印第安婦女，在弗吉尼亞州的詹姆斯敦善待殖民者，從而維護了英國殖民者與美洲土著之間的和平。為有權勢的波瓦坦人酋長之女。她插手營救了被俘的殖民地創建者J.史密斯。其后她改信了基督教，并與殖民地開拓者J.羅爾夫結婚，進一步確保了雙方的和平。她后來到英國旅行，獲國王接見，但在英國死于天花。WilliamBradford(1590-1657)Bradford'sstatueinPlymouthRockStatePark,Plymouth,MassachusettsWilliamBradford(1590-1657)IntroductiontotheauthorWilliamBradfordwasaleaderoftheSeparatistsettlersofthePlymouthColonyinMassachusetts.HewaselectedthirtytimestobetheGovernorafterJohnCarverdied.Hewasthesecondsignerandprimaryarchitect(建筑師，設計師，締造者)oftheMayflowerCompactinProvincetownHarbor.,thefirstgovernorofPlymouth2.Hisrepresentativework:TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation(1856).JohnWinthrop(1587-1649)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasthefirstgovernorofBoston.HehadbeenalawyerandlordofamanorinEngland.HewaselectedgovernoroftheMassachusettsBayGroupbeforesailingandtheforemost(首要的，最佳的)leaderthroughouttheremaining19years.2.Hismajorworks:Partsofhisjournalwerefirstpublishedin1790.ThecompleteworkwascalledTheHistoryofNewEnglandwhichwaspublishedin1826.Hisworkisnotableforitssimplicityandhonesty,yetitisvaluablehistoricalmaterialsaboutthatperiodAnneBradstreet(1612-1672)1)AnneBradstreet’sWorks

“SomeversesontheBurningofOurHouse”

“TheFleshandtheSpirit”

TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica2)AnneBradstreet’sLife

*ShewasbornandeducatedinEngland.

*Attheageof18,shecametoAmericain1630withherfatherandhusband.

*Shehad8children.

*Shebecameknownasthe“TenthMuse”whoappearedinAmerica.thefirstcollectionpublishedbyEnglishcolonistslivinginAmericaEdwardTaylorIntroductionHewasborninEnglandandattendedHarvardUniversity.Hewasthebestofthepuritanpoetsinthecolonialperiod.HisworkfollowedthestyleandformsoftheleadingEnglishpoetsofthemid-seventeenthcentury,andalthoughTaylorwasnotthebestofthese,heshowedanauthentic(a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的)poeticability.Mostofhisworkstreatedreligiousthemes,withmanypoemsbaseddirectlyonthepsalms.Hiswork:Prepa