TableManners演講者：張望舒，曾子恒制作者：王其梅，楊瑩，曾子恒，毛亞平，徐唯一英語10-1Tableware餐具ChopsticksKnivesandforks

Dinnerknifebutterspreader(奶油刮刀）刀

Fork：saladfork,dinnerfork,dessertfork叉（餐叉分得很細）Goblet:watergoblet,redwinegoblet,whitewinegoblet酒杯Spoon:soupspoonteaspoon勺子Soupbowl碗Serviceordinnerplatebreadandbutterplate餐盤Napkin餐巾ChopsticksareusedtoeatmostkindsofChinesefoods.Holdyourchopstickstowardstheirend,notinthemiddleorthefrontthirdwhendiningwiththem.Whenyouarenotusingyourchopsticks,orhavefinishedeating,laythemdowninfrontofyouwiththetipstoleft.butterspreader(奶油刮刀）餐具擺放(theplaceofthetableware)Informalsettings,allthesilverware,glassware,cups,saucersandthelikeareplacedonthetable,soit’softendifficulttoknowwhichforktousewhenorwhichwaterglassisyours.Asageneralruletothumb,silverwareislinedupintheorderinwhichapersonwillusethem,goingfromtheoutside,in.Forinstance,theforkandknifeusedforthesaladareplacedintheoutermostofthesetting,farthestfromyourplate(withtheexceptionofthespoon).Dessertsilverware,ifnotbroughtoutwiththedessert,areplacedatthetopofyourentréeplate.Glassware,cupandsaucerareplacedtoyourright,whilethenapkin,breadplateandbutterspreadertoyourleft.

餐具的使用（theuseofthetableware)

Rulesonflatware(扁平的餐具，指刀，叉，匙等）Startfromtheoutsideandworkyourwayintowardtheplatesasthemealprogresses.Usually,thebigforkisfortheentree;thebigspoonforthesoup.餐具的使用根據上菜的順序由外向里使用。通常，最大的叉子是用來食用主菜的，最大的湯匙是用來喝湯的。“bd”手勢：吃在你的左手邊，喝在你的右手邊！/Eatbreadisonurleft，drinkisonurright，擺餐具也照此守則Usetheknifebyyourrighthand.andusetheforkbyyourlefthand.Onceautensil(餐具）hasbeenused,itnevergoesbackonthetable.whenyouaretakingbreak,restyourforkandknifeentirelyontheplate.whenyouarefinished,placethemdiagonally（對角地）ontheplate,sidebyside,withthehandles（手柄）at4o"clock.Theknifeblade（刀片）shouldfacethecenteroftheplate,notpointouttowardanotherguest(anancientsignofaggression)任何器具用過之后就要被撤下，不可再回到餐桌上，在用餐的過程中如要休息放下手中的刀叉時，刀叉應對角地（八字型）分別放在餐盤邊上，不可一半在餐盤上一半在餐桌上，而且刀刃要朝向餐盤的中央，不能朝外對著旁邊的客人，這在古代會被看作是一個挑釁的信號。每吃完一道菜后，刀叉要并攏放在盤中，等服務員撤走。TheorderofdishesinChinaThemealusuallybeginswithasetofatleastfourcolddishes,tobefollowedbythemaincoursesofhotmeatandvegetabledishes.Soupthenwillbeservedtobefollowedbystaplefoodrangingfromrice,noodlestodumplings.Ifyouwishtohaveyourricetogowithotherdishes,youshouldsaysoingoodtime,formostoftheChinesechoosetohavethestaplefoodatlastorhavenoneofthematall.TheorderofdishesintheWest.Dinnerstartwithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledanastarter.Afterthestarteryouwillgetabowlofsoup.Then,fishcourse.Thenextdishisthemaincourse,itusuallyisabeefsteak.Avegetablesaladwillbeserved.Thenadeliciousdessertwillappearatthetable.Atlastisacupofteaorcoffee.

startersoupFishcourseMaincoursevegetabledessertcoffeeMannersintheWest1)Whenleavingthetableduringthecourseofyourmeal,putyournapkinonyourchair,notthetable.Noonewantstoseeyourstainednapkin.Andatthecompletionofthemeal,placeitontheleftofyourplate,orifyourplatehasbeencleared,inthecenter.

2)Wheninasituationwhereyouhavetopassfoodorcondimentstoothersatthetable,passittoyourright,orcounterclockwise.Neverdoa“boardinghousereach”acrossthetable.3)Whilecuttingmeat,thecorrectwayistocutapieceandthenswitchyourforktoyourrighthandtopickitup.Thismethodisconsideredthe“American”way.Notswitchingyourforkandusingyourleftiscalledthe“Continental”way,andisdonemostofteninEuropeancountries.ThiswayisgainingacceptanceandIwouldn’tbesurprisedifonedaysoonit’sconsideredacceptableinfinedining.Also,cutmeatapieceatatime.Cuttingtheentiremeatupintopiecesorcutting

morethanoneatatimeistacky

4)

Whenyou’redonewithyourmeal,theproperplacementofthesilverwareistolaythemparalleltoeachotherandacrosstheplatewiththehandlesfacingtheright.Toclarify,theendswouldbefacing10o’clockandfour.Note:Notallwaiterswillknowthisandtheystillmayaskyouifit’sokaytoclearyourplate.Atleastyouappearclassy.

MannersinChina1)SpittingOuttheBonesInChinaitisalsocommonpracticetospitthingsoutonthetableorthefloor.Oftenfoodhassmallpiecesofboneorotherinediblepartsthatneedtoberemovedfromthemouth.Usingchopsticks,ahandoratissueisapolitewayaroundtheproblem.2)TouchingTablesThoughintheWestitissometimesconsideredrudetoputone’selbowsonthediningtable,thisisquiteacceptableinChina,particularlywheneatingnoodles.Youhowevermaywanttoavoidthisinsomerestaurantswherethetableisonlywipedwithanoldclothandtheremaybesomeunseenresiduefromthepreviouspatrons’meals.3)DessertEatingsomethingsweetfordessertisnotaChinesecustom.SweetthingscanbefoundhiddenamongeverythingelseonaChinesemenu.FruitsaladsandcaramelcoveredappleareChinesesweetdishesthatarepopularwithWesterners.4)DrinkingBeerisverypopularinChina,butitisallverysimilarwithnoneofthestrongerordarkervarietiesbrewedintheWest.Theotherpopularalcoholicdrinkisricewine.Beware,thiscanbeverystrong.InChina,drinkingalcoholisstillmainlyamalecustom.Maleguestsareroutinelyofferedalcoholandcigarettesatmealtimes.Justpolitelyrefuseifyoudon’twantthem.Anemptyglassisalwaysrefilled,nomatteraboutproteststhattheguesthashadenough,asamarkofpolitenessorgoodwill.Oftenarefusalhastobegiventhreetimes.SeeChineseGuest