專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷88

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共25分。）

Psychologyandsociologyarcbothcategorizedassocialsciences,andbothstudyhuman

behavior.However,psychologyisthestudyofindividualbehavior,whereassociologyis

thestudyofgroupbehavior.Psychologydealswiththepossibleproblemsanindividual

mighthaveinsocialinteractionwithotherindividuals,butthemainconcernofsociology

isthewaysthatdifferentsocietieswithdifferentculturesdealwitheachother.Sociology

asksandtriestoanswerquestionslikethese:whydoesonesocietyprogressrapidlyand

anotheroneremainprimiiiveforcenturies?Whatisthemainreasonforrevolutionina

society?Whatistheroleofreligionorartinasociety?Psychologyasksandtriesto

answerquestionslikethese;whydocsanindividualadapteasilytoachanging

environmentandanotherindividualbecomementallydisturbed?Whatarethecausesof

antisocialbehavior?Whatroledoesreligionorarlplayinanindividual'smentaland

emotionallife?Psychologyandsociologyoftenworktogetherintheirstudyofhuman

behavior.Itisassumedthatbybetterunderstandingindividualmotivationandbehavior,

morewillbelearnedaboutgroupmotivationandbehavior.Thereverseisalsoassumed:

ifscientistscanlearnmoreaboutsocialgroups,theywilllearnmoreaboutindividuals.

1、Whatwouldbeanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

A^PsychologyandSociology

B、IndividualandGroup

C、HumanBehaviorStudy

D^MainConcernsofSocialSciences

標準答案：A

知識點解析：文章第段講了心理學和社會學的定義及區別，第二段重點講社會

學，第三段重點講心理學，最后一段講兩者之間的合作互利。故A對。

2、Whichofthefollowingquestionsistheconcernofpsychology?

A、Whatistheroleofreligionorartinasociety?

B、Whatisthemainreasonforrevolutioninasociety?

C、Whatarethecausesofantisocialbehavior?

D、Whydoesonesocietyprogressmorerapidlythananother?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：文章第三段Psychologyasksandtriestoanswerquestionslike

these：...Whatarethecausesofantisocialbehavior?講的都是心理學所涉獵的內容，

所以選C。A、B、D項所述都是社會學研究的內容。

3、Accordingtotheauthor,.

A、psychologyandsociologybenefitfromeachothersresearch

B>toomuchemphasisonpsychologymaycausesocialproblems

C>thestudyofgroupbehavioristheinterestofpsychologists

D^differentsocietieswithdifferentculturescannotgetalongwell

標準答案：A

知識點解析：由文章的第四段Psychologyandsociologyoftenworktogetherintheir

studyofhumanbehavior…及其后面的內容可知，研究個體對團體的行為研究有利，

而研究團體也對個體的行為研究有利。因此選A。

4、Awordwhichcantaketheplaceof"reverse"inthelastsentenceis.

A、consequence

B、result

C^opposite

D、implication

標準答案：C__

知識點解析：由文章最后一段最后兩句Itisassumedthatbybetterunderstanding

individualmotivationandbehavior,morewillbelearnedaboutgroupmotivationand

behavior.Thereverseisalsoassumed：ifscientistscanlearnmoreaboutsocial

groups?theywilllearnmoreaboutindividuals.可知，這兩句講的是相互對立的兩個

方面，故reverse前后假設的條件和結果正好相反。故C對。

5、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A、Bothpsychologyandsociologystudyhumanbehavior.

BNMentalproblemsshouldbedealtwithbyasociologist.

C、Sociologyisthestudyofgroupbehavior.

D、Psychologypaysmoreattentiontoindividualsthantogroups.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第一段psychologyisthestudyofindividualbehavior,whereas

sociologyisthestudyofgroupbehavior禾HPsychologydealswiththepossibleproblems

anindividualmighthaveinsocialinteractionwithotherindividuals可知A、C、DIE

確,mentalproblem是psychology所研究的對象,故選B。

Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,just

aswcexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheinternal-combustionengine（內燃機）

hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistonsbeingdrive.For

peopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.

Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'simpacton

society.Butthatisnotwhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnota

formofliteracy（讀寫能力）;itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.

Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinct

activities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfree

themselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatall

oughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogramning

asacareer,whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssome

peoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin-making.Learning

howtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprograms

becomemore"user-friendlyLetusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohave

toknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdoesthephrase"learning

touseacomputer'1mean?Itsoundslike"learningtodriveacar",thatis,itsoundsasif

thereissomesetofdefiniteskillsthat,onceacquired,enableonetouseacomputer.In

fact,"learningtouseacomputer"ismuchmorelike"learningtoplayagame,"but

learningtherulesofonegamemaynothelpyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmay

notbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.

Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasily

accomplished.

6、Tobethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould.

A、trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscience

B、beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo

C、learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskills

D、understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第二段Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowto

programonearetwodistinctactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetent

citizensoflomoirowshouldfreethemselvesfromLheirfearofcomputers.可矢口C正

確。

7、Inthesecondparagraph"violin-making"ismentionedtoshowthat.

A、programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolin

B、oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfields

C、violin-makingrequiresasmanyskillsascomputerprogramming

D、peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon'tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogram

標準答案：D

知識點解析：thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin—making.在這里用autorepair

和violin-making分別指代使用電腦和懂得編程的人。

8、Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause.

A、programsarebecominglesscomplicated

programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousers

C、programmingisbecomingeasierandeasier

D、programsarebecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers

標準答案：B

知識點解析:Learninghowtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierall

thetimeasprogramsbecomemore^user-friendIy^.此題的關鍵是理解“user-friendly”

的意思，“對用戶友好的，容易使用的”。故選B。

9、Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase"learningtouseacomputer"(Para.3)means

learning.

B>leavecoldclimatesduringwinter

C>remaininactivethroughperiodsofcoldweather

D^constructinsulatedhives

標準答案：C

知識點解析：從文中第五句Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernateinwinter,but

thehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.可知昆蟲有冬天冬眠的能力，但是蜜蜂可能已

經失去了這個能力。推斷曾經蜜蜂可能具有這個能力。故選C。

13、Accordingtothepassage,beesdifferfrommosto:hercommunitiesofinsectsin

theirneedto.

A、reproduceinlargenumbers

controlthetemperaturewheretheylive

C、dividetheworkoftheircolonies

D、haveacomplexdefensesystem

標準答案：C

知識點解析：從文中Efficiency,ifnotnecessarily,demandsthattheworkofthe

colonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflaborlendstoenhancetheneedtomaintain

thecolony可知蜜蜂需根據它們工種的不同來進行工作分工，這也是它們與其他昆

蟲的不同之處，故選Cc

14、Accordingtothepassage,thehoneybee'sstingisparticularlyeffectivebecause

it.

A^hasmanypotentialuses

B、cankillseveralvictimsatonce

C、islocatedintherearofthebee'sbody

D^remainswiththebee'svictim

標準答案：D

知識點解析：從文中Thebee'sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademore

effectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim.可知D正確。

15、Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

A、TheCommunalLifeofBees

TheStructureoftheBee

C、TheOrganizationofInsectColonies

D、TheLifeoftheSocialInsects

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據文章最后內容可知，文章闡述的是蜜蜂的群居生活。故A對。

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity（多樣化）istakingplace.It

istakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotof

contactwithtopcorporate（公司的）leaders:noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridof

thoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesareto

competeintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.

Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthe

poolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearcgrowingandatwhere

thepopulationisshifting,corporateAmericaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnot

havetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywillneed.

Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,"Let'sgobackward.Let'sgobackto

thegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy（不拘一格選人才）"，whichwasnever

true——weneverhadameritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.I

recentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubledits

minoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohasbeen

professorthereforalongtime.Andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthe

community,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Nowallofusfeel

thewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewchearthisdebatesisprimarilyin

politicalcirclesandinthemedia—notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.

16、Theword"imperative"（Para.1）mostprobablyreferstosomething.

A^superficial

B>remarkable

C^debatable

D、essential

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據文中具體語言環境可知該詞的意思為“必需的，不可缺少的”，故

選D。

17、Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?

A^Minorities.

B、Politicians.

C^Professors.

D、Managers.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據文中前兩句Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateabout

diversity（多樣化）istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.可知對

多樣化的討論多發生在政界，所以應該是政客談論的較多。故選B。

18、Highcorporaleleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto.

lowertherateofunemployment

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D、satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據文中第一段Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompete

intheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.可知公

司要在市場上更具競爭力就要注意多樣化發展，故C正確。

19、Ilcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A^meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D、minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據文中第二段…whichwasnevertrue-----weneverhada

meritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.及后面的Nowall

ofusfeelthewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.可知選A。

20>Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansociety

by------------.

A^expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B>promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C、trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D、providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據文章意思Americaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities*morewomen?andmore

immigrants.因此D為E確選項。

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesor

centimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofa

millimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwoto

fourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyou

enlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofa

pinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile（1.6

kilometers）tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytosecbacteria.

Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrods

ordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecansee

thatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella（鞭毛）.

Othershaveonlyoneflaoellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthe

water.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,while

otherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthe

bacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toa

bacterium,waterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyare

influencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmolecules（分子）aroundthem.Bacteria

underthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.This

isbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.

Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesarounda

bacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones.Evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethus

constantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

21Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B>Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,ilwouldstillbesmallerthan

apinhead.

C^Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructure

ofabacteriumclearly.

D、Watermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據文中第一段“Rod—shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicrons

long,whileroundedonesa