一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法二、虛擬語氣在從句中的用法三、虛擬語氣的其他用法虛擬語氣要點一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法01所假設的條件與事實相反，或實現的可能性較小，分為三種情況：1.表示與現在或客觀事實相反，從句謂語：did/were；主句謂語：would/could/might/shoulddo。If

I

were

rich,

I

would

buy

anything

you

wanted.我要是有錢，你想要什么我就給你買什么。If

you

didn’t

stay

up

late

so

often,

you

wouldn’t

feel

so

sleepyby

day.如果不是經常睡得太晚，你白天不會這么困。一、if引導的非真實條件句2.

表示與將來事實相反，從句謂語：did/were或should

do或wereto

do；主句謂語：would/could/might/should

do。If

I

wereto

doit,

I

would

doit

better.要是我來做這件事，我會做得更好。If

she

should

come

tomorrow,

I

would

tell

her

the

news.如果她明天來，我會告訴她這個消息。一、if引導的非真實條件句3.表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語：had

done；主句謂語：

would/could/might/shouldhave

done。If

you

had

worked

harder

at

school,

you

would

have

got

a

better

job.如果上學時你更用功一些，你本可以找到一份更好的工作。If

the

earthquake

had

occurred

in

the

daytime,

there

would

havebeen

fewer

deaths.要是地震發生在白天，那么死亡的人數會少一些。一、if引導的非真實條件句（3）I

didn’t

see

your

boss

at

the

meeting.

If

he

had

come,

I

would

havetold

him

the

news.我沒有看見你的老板出席會議。要是他來了，我就告訴他消息了。If

I

hadn’t

driven

the

car

yesterday,

I

would

have

avoided

the

accident.如果昨天我沒有開車，就可以避免車禍的。He

might

not

have

been

killed

in

the

traffic

accident

yesterday

if

he

had

fastened

the

seat

belt.如果昨天他系安全帶了，就不會在交通事故中喪生。一、if引導的非真實條件句注：在非真實條件句中如果有were、had、should，可以將if省略，把were、had、should提到主語前。If

he

had

taken

his

lawyer’s

advice,

he

would

have

saved

himself

a

greatdeal

of

trouble.=Had

he

taken

his

lawyer’s

advice,

he

would

have

saved

himself

a

greatdeal

of

trouble.要是他聽從了律師的建議，就會給自己省去不少麻煩。一、if引導的非真實條件句如果從句和主句表示的時間不一致，動詞的形式可按各自實際時態表示。If

we

hadn’t

got

everything

ready

by

now,

we

should

be

having

a

terribletime

tomorrow.要是到現在還沒有準備就緒，明天日子就難過了。（從句虛擬過去，主句虛擬將來）If

I

were

you,

I

would

have

accepted

their

offer

then.如果我是你，當時就會接受他們的提議。（從句虛擬現在，主句虛擬過去）二、錯綜虛擬語氣3.

If

he

had

had

the

operation

two

years

ago,

he

would

be

in

better

healthnow.要是他兩年前做了手術，現在健康狀況會好些。（從句虛擬過去，主句虛擬現在）二、錯綜虛擬語氣有些句子雖然沒有條件從句，但意思和條件句相差不多，這種句子有時候會用虛擬語氣，這種情況稱為含蓄虛擬語氣。I

told

youwe

should

havedone

it

myway.我跟你說過我們原本應該用我的方法來做這事。She

could

have

donebetter.

她做得不夠好。I

might

have

given

you

more

help,

but

I

was

too

busy.我本可以給你更多的幫助，但我太忙了。三、含蓄虛擬語氣二、虛擬語氣在從句中的用法021.在表示愿望的動詞wish后的賓語從句中。用過去時，表示與現在事實相反。例：I

wish

I

couldhelp

him.我希望我能幫他。（事實上我不能）用過去完成時，表示與過去事實相反。例：He

didn’t

go

to

the

party,

but

he

did

wish

he

had

been

there.

他沒去參加晚會，但是他確實希望他能去。用would/could+動詞原形，表示與將來事實相反。例：I

wishyou

couldcomealong

tomorrow.但愿你明天能一起來。一、用于賓語從句2.

在具有愿望、請求、要求、想法、建議、命令等主觀意向的動詞后的賓語從句中。在具有愿望、請求、要求、想法、建議、命令等主觀意向的動詞后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞形式：should（用于所有人稱）+動詞原形，或直接用動詞原形。（1）The

teacher

insisted

that

he

(should)

learn

the

vocabulary

by

heart.老師堅持他應該用心學習詞匯。（2）I

suggested

that

a

meeting

(should)

be

held

at

once.我建議立即開會。一、用于賓語從句類似的動詞有：advise（勸告）；desire（希望）；demand（要求）；request（要求）；suggest（建議）；propose（建議）；

recommend（推薦）；insist（堅持）；require（要求）；

command（命令）；maintain（認為）；prefer（寧愿）；order（命令）；allow（允許）；ask（要求）；arrange（安排）等。一、用于賓語從句3.

在表愿望的would

rather（寧愿）、would

sooner（寧可）及wouldas

soon（寧愿）后的賓語從句中。在表愿望的would

rather（寧愿）、would

sooner寧可）及would

as

soon（寧愿）后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用過去式表示對現在或將來的愿望，用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反的愿望。I’drather

you

hadleft

yesterday.我寧愿你昨天已經離開了。He

wouldratherI

went

now.他寧愿我現在就走。一、用于賓語從句1.某些表示愿望、請求、建議、命令等意義的形容詞之后的主語從句中。動詞形式為：should+動詞原形或直接用動詞原形。It

is

suggested

that

parents

(should)

spend

more

time

with

their

children

alone.建議父母應該花更多的時間和孩子獨處。Itis

required

thatI

give

evidence.要求我提供證據。二、用于主語從句It

is/was

important/necessary/appropriate/proper/imperative/essential/vital,

etc.that…中。動詞形式為：should+動詞原形或直接用動詞原形。例：It

is

important

that

we

(should)

learn

English

well.學好英語很重要。It

is/was

amazing/odd/ridiculous/surprising/unthinkable/natural,

etc.that…中。動詞形式為：should+動詞原形或直接用動詞原形。例：It’s

ridiculous

that

he

(should)

not

know

who

his

supervisor

is.可笑的是他的導師是誰他都不知道。二、用于主語從句在表示“建議、請求、命令、提議、要求”等之意的名詞，例：suggestion（建議）、proposal（提議）、instruction（指示）、advice、order、request、recommendation（建議）、requirement、stipulation（規定、合同）、insistence（堅持）等，

其后的表語從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，

should可以省略。My

order

is

that

nobody

be

able

to

leave

here

from

now

on.我下令無論任何人從現在起不能離開這兒。My

request

is

that

leaders

should

pay

more

attention

to

the

project.我要求領導們對這個項目多一點關注。三、用于表語從句在表示“建議、請求、命令、提議、要求”等之意的名詞，例：suggestion、proposal、instruction、advice、order、request、recommendation等構成的同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，謂語動

詞用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。例：He

made

a

suggestion

that

we

(should)

cancel

the

activity.

他建議我們取消這項活動。四、用于同位語從句1.

在as

if、as

though引導的方式狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，動詞用過去時表示與現在事實相反或對現在情況有懷疑；動詞用過去完成時表示與過去想象中的動作或情況不相符合或相反。He

orders/ordered

me

as

if

I

were

his

servant.他對我發號施令，好像我是他的傭人。He

talked

about

Tokyo

as

if

he

had

been

there

himself.他談及東京就好像他自己去過那兒一樣。五、用于狀語從句2.以lest（免得、唯恐）、for

fear

that（以免）或incasethat（假使……，萬一……）引導從句必須用虛擬語氣，謂語用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。Take

the

raincoat

in

case

that

it

(should)

rain.帶上雨衣以防下雨。We

must

hurry

off

lest

we

(should)

miss

the

train.我們得趕快走，否則趕不上火車了。五、用于狀語從句三、虛擬語氣的其他用法031.用于表示祝愿在一些表示祝愿的話語中可使用虛擬語氣（多用動詞原形）。例：1.May

you

be

happy!

祝你幸福！2.Long

live

peace!

和平萬歲！2.用于It’s(high/about)

time(that)…句型在it

is(high/about)

time(該……/是時候……)后的從句中用虛擬語氣，動詞多用過去式(be動詞用were)，表示與事實不一致。例：It’s

hightimeweleft

home.我們早該離家了。It

is

high

time

we

did

something

to

stop

road

accident.我們早該做些什么防止交通事故的發生了。（3）I

think

it’s

high

time

we

took

strict

measures

to

stop

pollution.我認為我們早該采取嚴厲措施減少污染了。3.用于If

only句型If

only感嘆句中，If

only表示“但愿、要是……就好了”，其用法和I

wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩。例：If

onlyshe

hadasked

your

advice!她要是征求你的意見就好了！If

only

he

were

here!他要是在這兒就好了！精題演練041.

I

wish

I

totheplaywith

youlastSunday.A.

did

goC.

had

goneB.

wentD.

have

gone參考答案：C解析：句意“我真希望上星期天和你一起去看戲。”wish后賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，用過去完成時，表示與過去事實相反，故選C。精題演練2.

for

the

timely

investment

from

the

public,

our

company

wouldnot

be

so

prosperous.A.

Were

it

notC.

If

it

was

notB.

Had

it

not

beenD.

Be

it

not參考答案：A解析：句意“如果不是社會各界及時投資，我們的公司不會如此繁榮。”由后面句子中的would

not

be可知此處是對現在的虛擬，對現在的虛擬if條件句用一般過去時，如果是were可把if

省略，把were提到主語的前面。而B：Had

it

not

been是對過去的虛擬，故此處的Wereit

not…可改寫為：If

it

were

notfor

the

timely.

故選A。精題演練3.

It

is

required

that

students

atleasttwoclubsinthe

university.B.

would

attendD.

are

to

attendA.

will

attendC.

attend參考答案：C解析：句意“學校要求學生至少參加兩個社團。”require之后的主語從句中使用虛擬語氣，動詞形式為：should+動詞原形或直接用動詞原形。故選C。精題演練4.

If

only

I

a

doctor.A.

wasC.

isB.

wereD.

am參考答案：B解析：句意“我要是個醫生就好了。”if

only后使用虛擬語氣，

用法與wish基本相同，謂語動詞如果為be動詞，則用were。故選B。精題演練5.

The

professor

acts

as

if

he

a

king

ofgreat

kingdom.A.

isC.

wereB.

wasD.

had

been參考答案：C解析：句意“教授表現得好像他是一個偉大王國的國王。”asif后使用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞如果為be動詞，則用were。故選C。精題演練6.

Had

he

worked

harder,

he

the

exams.A.

must

have

got

throughC.

would

get

throughB.

could

get

throughD.

would

have

got

through參考答案：D解析：句意“如果他再努力一點，他就能通過考試了。”由had

worked可知，與過去事實相反，主句使用情態動詞+have

done的形式，故選D。精題演練7.

The

manager

demanded

that

all

employees

on

time.A.

beC.

to

beB.

areD.

would

be參考答案：A解析：句意“經理要求所有員工準時。”demand后的賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，動詞形式為：should+動詞原形或直接用動詞

原形。故選A。精題演練8.

If

y