英語學科講義完型填空完型填空

知識梳理：完型填空專項訓練考查能力：邏輯推理能力：完形填空對篇章邏輯推理能力的考查主要表現在考生能否根據句中，句間甚至是整篇文章的邏輯關系，比如因果、轉折、并列等關系，選出正確選項。主要包括以下幾個方面：句中邏輯推理能力句間邏輯推理能力篇章邏輯推理能力篇章原詞重現詞匯辨析能力：詞匯辨析能力的考查主要集中在名詞，動詞，形容詞和副詞上，選項往往以同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或拼寫相近容易混淆詞的形式出現。其中，由于篇章中會帶有作者主觀的意識，因此在形容詞或者副詞的考查上會出現感情色彩的辨析。主要包括以下幾個方面：同、近義或者反義辨析詞的感情色彩語法知識掌握能力：語法知識的考查主要體現在某些常見的語法結構和固定句式當中。主要包括以下幾個方面：語法知識運用能力固定短語搭配和句式背景文化知識掌握能力：在完形填空中有時滲著相關的文化背景和生活常識等方面的知識。在做題時，要積極調動自己的跨文化背景和生活常識，巧妙地運用，特別是注意中西文化的差異。背景文化知識掌握能力解題技巧：1)通讀全文，仔細閱讀文章，把握語篇大意，顧及文章的整體性和合理性。2）選項相仿時，切勿主觀臆斷，聯系上下文，選擇最佳答案。3）檢查是否邏輯合理，語法無誤。典題分析：1.聯系上下文，結合語境，定位正確選項。聯系上下文，選擇或填寫正確的詞是完型填空解題最常用的方法之一。在做完型填空時，有些選項的答案從語法角度來講可以說得通，遇到這種情況，我們應該細讀上下文，正確答案會在上下文中得到提示。【經典例題1】WhatdoIrememberaboutmychildhood?Thereweregoodthingsandbadthings.Weusedtolive_________,andmyparentsalwaysgotupearlyinthemorningtofeedthecowsandsheep. A.inatown B.onafarm C.onabusystreet D.inacity【經典例題2】Idashedtothefrontdoorandbanged(大聲敲)onitloudly.“Who’sthere?”Iheard.“It’sBilly!Letmein!”Thevoicebehindthe_________answered,“Billydoesn’tlivehereanymore,heranawayfromhome.”A.house B.tree C.door D.yard2.根據詞匯的辨析和詞組的搭配來解題在選項中設置四個詞性一致、意義相近的詞是完型填空命題時常用的手段之一。在做此類題目時，必須要在特定的語境中選擇最佳、或者也可以推敲一些固定的詞組搭配來進行選項。在做首字母填空時，尤其應注意空格所缺單詞的詞性及固定搭配。【經典例題1】Onthetrain,Tomwaslooking_____1____forhisticketbecausetheconductorwascoming_____2_____tohisticket.1)A.out B.forward C.anywhere D.everywhere2)A.down B.up C.in D.on【經典例題2】AJapanesemanageroncesaidhehimselfandhisworkerswouldallstandwhiletheywerehavingmeetings.Doyou__________whathemeans? A.think B.guess C.know D.understand【經典例題3】“Isn’titaniceday?”“Doyou_____1_____itwillrain?”“Ithinkit’sgoingtorain.”Thesearethecommonwaysof_____2_____conversation.1）A.think B.see C.say D.feel2)A.start B.begin C.talking D.starting【經典例題4】“Youshouldn’twhatpeoplesayaboutwhatyoulooklikebecausewe’renotdifferentfromanyoneelse,Holly,”A.writedown B.agreewith C.passon D.listento3.利用邏輯關系解題利用邏輯關系是完型填空命題設計過程中用得較多的方法之一。解這類題目時需要我們多注意周圍生活常識、行文的脈絡及句子之間的轉承關系。【經典例題1】TheEnglishlanguagehasnowbecomeaninternationallanguagebecauseitiswidelyusedinmostcountiesintheworld._________youwanttodobusinesswithforeigners,youhavetolearnEnglish,formostofthemspeakandwriteEnglish. A.As B.If C.So D.Since【經典例題2】Apairofglovesmaybea_________thing,butitcanmakeabigdifferenceinwinter.A.small B.useful C.helpful D.cheap【經典例題3】Here,mymother_________inherbedroomwindowandwroteinherdiary.A.lay B.play C.stood D.sat【經典例題4】Lisawasoneofthemobile(流動的)children,_____1_____fromhousetohouseinchildhood.Shelongsforasenseof_____2_____,andsowehavecometoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors41for200years.A.passed B.raised C.moved D.sentA.home B.duty C.reality D.relief4.利用語法和句型解題這類題目主要考查學生在一定語境中運用語法知識和識別句型的能力。由于學生對這類選項把握較大，因此這類題型的數量越來越少。【經典例題1】KarlLandsteinerfirstthoughtofnamingbloodtypesin1900.He________fourtypes.A.makebloodintoB.putbloodintoC.keepbloodintoD.storebloodas【經典例題2】Theearthisourhome.Wemusttakecareofit.Lifetodayiseasierthanitwas___________yearsago,butithasbroughtsomenewproblems. A.hundred B.hundredsof C.hundredof D.hundreds【經典例題3】___________itwasgettingdark,shesawasmall,darkwoodenhouse.A.When B.Until C.If D.Because【經典例題4】Youcan’tblameothers___________youstartwithyourself.A.although B.if C.when D.unless強化練習：(基礎篇)B.Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage(選擇最恰當的選項完成短文)(12分)MyhusbandBill,wasdiagnosedwithcancer(癌癥).Overthecourseofsevenmonths,hewentfrombeatingmesillyattennistoneedingmyhelptogotothebathroom.Itwasthebestsevenmonthsofmylife.MaybeIdon’t75meanthat,butitwascertainlythetimewhenIfeltmostalive.Ihadbecomearespectedprofessor,andaresponsiblewife.Duringthosesevenmonths,Icametounderstandthatnothingwould76morethanwhatIhaddonetomyhusband.WhenIcouldn’tsleepatnight,Iprayed(祈禱)toGod.ThenIbeganprayingitdailyevenifIhadnodifficultysleeping,which77mybreathingandcalmedmymind.Duringhislastweek,arelativevisited.Inoticedthatshe’dchangedherappearance,butinafunnyway.Itwasthekindof78Ikepttomyself.Aftersheleft,BillvoicedexactlywhatI’dbeenthinking,inthattruthfulwayhehad,andIfoundmyselflaughingoutinmyheart.Icouldlivewiththisman,evenneedingasmuchcareashedoes,forthenext40years,Ithought.79,hewouldbedeadverysoon.Iwillneveragainhavethathighapurposeinmylife.Iwilltrytobealittlelessunhappy,andalittlemore80forthesmallmomentsinlife.IamabetterpersonforcaringforBill.Itwashislast,bestgifttome.75.A)completely B)hardly C)actually D)carefully76.A)care B)matter C)change D)cost77.A)slowed B)increased C)held D)took78.A)jokes B)friends C)work D)thought79.A)Luckily B)However C)Instead D)Finally80.A)sorry B)excited C)thankful D)worried(2)Mostfilmssetinspaceareusuallyhorrorfilmsandincludealiensintheirstory.Gravity(地心引力)isdifferentandfocusesonthehumandrama75.Thefilm’sspecialeffectsaresoamazingthatitiseasytobelievethatGravityreallywasfilmedinspace.IttookmorethanthreeyearsforaBritishteamtocreatealloftheseeffects.Wefirstmeetthe76outsideoftheirspaceshiponaspacewalk.DrStone,astrong-mindedmotherwhosedaughterdiedinanaccident,isonherfirstjourneyintospaceandisjoinedbyMattKowalski,anexperiencedastronaut.KowalskimakesjokesandtellsstoriesabouthislifetohelpDrStonefeellessnervousaboutbeinginspace.Theastronautsaresoon77thatpiecesofadamagedsatelliteareflyingintheirdirection.Theirspaceshipissoonhitanddestroyed.DrStoneisknockedintospace.Itseemsthatshewilldiethere.Thefastmovingcameraworkandlosing78withtheEarthmakeseverythingevenscarier(恐怖的).79,KowalskisavesDrStoneandtheydecidetogotothenearbyInternationalSpaceStationandseeiftheirescapevehiclecanbeusedtoreturntotheEarth.Onthejourney,theyhavetroubleandareabouttolosetheirlivesinspacetogether.KowalskiallowshimselftofloatawaytosaveDrStone.FromhereDrStoneisaloneandthefilmexploreswhethersheisstrongenoughtostayalive,orwantto.Gravityisapowerfulfilmaboutawoman’sjourneyina(n)80place.Youwillfinditworthwatchingbecauseitisnotonlyinterestingbutalsomoving.75.A)still B)yet C)instead D)perhaps76.A)characters B)directors C)actors D)fans77.A)agreed B)warned C)shown D)telephoned78.A)energy B)patience C)sight D)contact79.A)Finally B)Recently C)Luckily D)Immediately80.A)dark B)lonely C)horrible D)empty(3)Ithappenedonespringmorning.Iwokeupandwentdownstairs.MymumaskedmeifIwantedsomeorangejuice.“Yes,thanks,”Ireplied,butmyvoicehadchanged!Itsoundedverydeep.Iwasquite75,andsowasthedog!Butmymumjustsmiledandsaid,“Oh,that’sjustyourvoicebreaking.”Breaking?Thatdidnotsoundgood!Soatschoolthatday,Iaskedmybiologyteacherwhatwashappening.“Don’tworry.It’s76common!”shesaid.“Soundismadebythemouthastheairis77outthroughthevoicebox,whichisintheneck.Asyougrowolder,thevoiceboxgrowslargerandthicker.Whenyouareateenager,therecanbea78.”“Butmysisterisolderthanme,andhervoiceisstillthesame,”Isaid,alittle79.“Thechangeisbiggerinboys,soyounoticeitmore.Girls’voicesonlychangealittle,soitishardtotellthe80.”NowIlikemynewvoice.Butthedogstillisnotsure!A)excited B)embarrassed C)surprised D)satisfiedA)especially B)probably C)hardly D)completelyA)pushed B)turned C)taken D)pickedA)commonmistake B)suddenchange C)similarexperience D)slowprocessA)angry B)confused C)calm D)frightenedA)truth B)reason C)secret D)difference(4)TheThanksgivingturkeyisthecauseofstressforme.Ihave75itasanenemyonThanksgiving.OvertheyearsIhadtriedjusteverymethodofcookingtheturkey.WhenIjustgotmarriedItriedthetraditionalpanroastingmethod.ButIforgottobuymyturkey76thedaybeforeThanksgiving.AndIboughtabigonebecauseIwantedtobesuretohaveenoughturkeyforeveryone.Unfortunately,itwasn’tthawed(解凍)bythetimeIneededtocookit.Iendedupwithadryturkeyovercookedontheoutsideandrarelydone77.AndIhadlotsandlotsofleftoverturkeybecausenobodylikedit.ThefollowingyearIwasbusywithababy.SoagainIforgottobuymyturkeyintimetogetit78thawed.IhadtobeupmostofthenightbeforeThanksgivingrunningcoldwaterovermyturkeytogetitthawed.TheturkeyendedupturningoutokeybutIwassotiredandsleepybythetimeIserveddinner.ThenextyearIgotamethodofcookingturkeyfromlocalradioinearlyNovember.Iwas79togiveitatry.Makingthatturkeywasliketakingcareofababyfornearlytwodays.Iwassopleasedwiththatturkey.Ithoughtitwasgoingtobethebesttastingturkeyeversinceitwasthemost80Ieverputinmakingturkey.Butthatdidn’thappen.Nobodylikedtheflavouroftheturkey.Idecidednottomakeonethisyear.Butmyfamilythoughtitwasn'tThanksgivingwithoutturkey.TheThanksgivingturkeyhasbeenayearlyjokeatourhouseandwhenIdon’tmakeonethereisnothingtocomplainabout.75.A)visited B)considered C)heard D)told76.A)before B)after C)until D)since77.A)onthesurface B)onthetop C)atthebottom D)inthemiddle78.A)completely B)carefully C)easily D)slowly79.A)afraid B)responsible C)surprised D)ready80.A)money B)work C)power D)water小結：完型填空答題原則：1．首句重讀原則“首句重讀”指首句需重點閱讀。首句很多情況是Topicsentence(主題句)，會透露文章背景和主旨。首句一般不設空，若設空，則需重點讀后面的例子，例子里面會提供線索。現在很多考題都是用后面的例子印證首句。例子關聯原則例子聯合起來都是去證明本文中心的，但例子與例子間有時會有正反對比關系或者平行并列關系。最佳適用原則場景匹配原則5.平行并列原則完形填空文章很多時候是圍繞一個話題展開，每個段落有的時候發展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句設空，除了關注到后面的例子，還可以關注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。類似的如果某段末句設空也可以關注下面一段的末句。課后作業：(提高篇)2020楊浦一模Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage（選擇最恰當的選項完成短文）Haveyouevertriedplayingthekindofvideogamesthatyourparentsplayed?TheMuseumofScienceinManchester,intheUK,hasheldanexhibitionforthelastfewyears,whichinvitesvisitorstodo___50___that.Itoffersthemthechancetoplaygamesfromthelast40years,invarioussessionsthroughouttheday.Thesevideogamesessionshavenowbecomeoneofthemainattractionsofthemuseum.Theyarefullofpeopleeveryday,playingawiderangeofgames.However,visitorsoftenchoosetheonesthey’re___51___.Forparents,forexample,theseareusuallythegamestheyusedtoplayintheirchildhood.There’salsoa(n)___52___purposetothegames.Forinstance,someoldtypesofcomputer,datingback40years,arealsoavailableinthesessions.Theywereoriginallyusedinclassroomstoteachpupilstowritetheirwoncomputerprograms.Andatthetime,ithelpedlotsofyoungpeopletodothat.Now,themuseumisholdingworkshopsthatencouragechildrentolearnsimilarskills--andthey’restillverypopular.Theexhibitionalsoshowshowmuch___53___technologyhasmadeoverthelast40years.Parentscanoftenrememberplayingverysimplegames.Butthegamesthatareplayedtodayaremorecomplex.Theyhavebetterstory-linesandanimation,too.Andtheplayersalsohavetousemuchmorecomplicatedtechniques.____54____,oneserioussideoftheexhibitionisthatorganisersalsowanttoshowthatvideogamingisanimportantindustry,employingmanyskilledpeople.Sotheyhopetheexhibitionwill___55___thismessage.Thatway,peoplewhoenjoygamingwillalsounderstandallthehardwork,talent,imaginationthatgoesintocreatingtheseamazinggames.50.A.especially B.exactly C.directly D.mainly51.A.readyfor B.poorat C.connectedto D.familiarwith52.A.dramatic B.official C.historical D.educational53.A.response B.progress C.knowledge D.impression54.A.However B.Therefore C.Infact D.Inconclusion55.A.link B.check C.share D.record2020嘉定一模B.Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage（選擇最恰當的選項完成短文）Bookshavemagicalpower.Theycontainknowledgeandknowledgemakesourhumanbecomewiserandstronger.Betweentheirpages,readerscanbetransportedtoanywhereimaginableandbecomejustaboutanyone...oranytime.______50______,manychildrenallovertheworlddon’thaveaccesstobooks.Forseveralyearsnow,MariaKeller,ateenagerfromMinneapolis,Minnesota,hasbeentryingtochangethatfact.Whenshewas8yearsold,Mariaalreadylovedreading.Shealsonoticedthatsomeofherclassmatesdidn’treadasmuchasshedid.Whensheaskedhermotherwhythatwas,hermothersaidthattheymightnotbeableto___51___books.Mariahadneverthoughtofthis.Shecouldn’tbelievethatsomechildrendidn’thavebedtimestoriesreadtothem,andshebecame___52___tochangethis.Withhermother’shelp.Mariacreatedanon-profitorganizationwhichisdedicated（致力于）tocollectinganddistributingbookstochildren___53___DuringtheearlystagesofReadIndeed,MariasetthegoalofcollectinganddistributingImillionbooksbythetimeshewas18.Itdidn’ttakelongtoreachthatgoal.Uptillnow,shehascollectedover2.4millionbooksandhasshippedthemtomanystatesandcountriesaroundtheworld.Shesaid,“Icannotlivewithoutbooks.AsIcontinuemymission（使命）.Ihavelearnedthatthenumberofkidswhohavenobooksisinthehundredsofmillions.SoIjustcan’t___54___.evenafterreachingmyoriginalgoalof1millionbooks.”Sherecentlysetanewgoal:todistributedonationstokidsinneedineverystateintheUS,andeverycountryintheworld.Shekeepsrecordsofher___55___onalargemapatthewarehouse（倉庫）whereherbooksarestoredandsorted.50.A.So B.However C.Afterall D.Instead51.A.choose B.afford C.share D.read52.A.excited B.used C.supposed D.determined53.A.insafety B.indanger C.inneed D.introuble54.A.setout B.giveup C.getoff D.takeup55.A.industry B.research C.progress D.study2020徐匯一模B.Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage（選擇最恰當的單詞或詞語完成短文):Couldyouimaginealibrarywhereyouborrowtools,appliancesandsportsgear(用具)?Asastudent,Sabrinacouldseethesimplesolutiontoaproblem—inordertoreducewasteandcreateagoodeffectonourenvironment,perhapsweshouldtrysharingthethingswehave.WhenshearrivedinBrisbanefouryearsago,Sabrinahadnothingwithherbutasuitcasefullofclothesandalaptop.Tostartsett