LESSON1SCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHSUNIT12INNOVATIONLEARNINGOBJECTIVESToreadandtalkaboutimportantinventionsanddiscoveriesofthe20thcentury;Toreadforgeneralunderstanding;Toreadforspecificinformationtounderstandwordsincontext;Tounderstandandlearnwordsandexpressionsincontext;Tocomparepersonalopinionswiththeideasofothers;Towriteasummaryofanimportantdiscoveryorinvention;Tolearnandpractiseusingadjectives.KEYPOINTSANDDIFFICULTPOINTSToanswerthecomprehensionquestions;Tothinkaboutimportantinventionsanddiscoveriesofthe20thcentury;Tomatchthediscoveriesorinventionswithhowtheycameabout;Tostrugglewithcomplicatedsentencestructures;Tothinkcriticallyandexpressopinionsfreely;Tocomparepersonalopinionswiththeideasofothers.Whataretheirinventionsordiscoveries?EckertandMauchlyfirstcomputer(1946)TimBerners-LeeWorldWideWeb(1990)AlexanderFlemingpenicillin(1929)AlbertEinsteinE=mc2theory(1905)LEADINGINREADANDEXPLOREWriteT(true),F(false)orNI(noinformation)inbrackets.()1.Itisnoteasytochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury.()2.Anatomisthesmallestparticleofmatter.()3.Einsteinwasatworkwhenhethoughtoftheequation“E=mc2”.()4.Einsteinparticipatedintheprogrammethatdevelopedthenuclearbomb.()5.Einsteinobservedchangesintime,sizeandmass.TFFNITREADANDEXPLOREWriteT(true),F(false)orNI(noinformation)inbrackets.()6.Fleminghadbeenstudyingbacteriainhislaboratorywhenthediscoveryhappened.()7.Flemingdevelopedtheprocessofmakingpenicillin.()8.Thefirstcomputerprojectfailedtomeetitsoriginalgoal.()9.Thefirstcomputerwasextremelydifficulttoprogramme.()10.Computerscouldnotconnecttoeachotherbefore1990.FNITNIFREADANDEXPLOREReadthepassage.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.What’sthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.Peoplehavemadeamazingdiscoveriesinmedicine,communicationandtransport.B.Itishardtochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury.C.Scientistshavefoundhowtosplittheatom.D.Theworldhaschangedcompletely.√READANDEXPLOREReadthepassage.Answerthefollowingquestions.2.Whatmakesithardtosingleoutthemostimportantdiscovery?A.Allthediscoveriesarenotkeptonrecord.B.Therearetoomanyimportantadvancesinourlife.C.Thediscoverieshavehadlittleeffectonthequalityofhumanlife.D.Theworldhaschangedcompletelyandourknowledgeoftheworldislimited.√READANDEXPLOREReadthepassage.Answerthefollowingquestions.3.Howisthispartofthepassagedeveloped?A.Byanalyzingthecausesandeffects.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bylistingsomeexamples.D.Bytheorderofimportance.√READANDEXPLOREReadthepassage.Answerthefollowingquestions.4.Whatdoes“E=mc2”leadpeopletobelieve?A.Wecantraveltoouterspaceatgreatspead.B.Somethinginnaturecankilldeadlybacteria.C.Asmallpieceofmasscanproducehugeamountsofenergy.D.Thesmallestparticleinnatureremainsundiscovered.√READANDEXPLOREReadthepassage.Answerthefollowingquestions.5.Whatwasthefirstcomputeroriginallydesignedtodo?A.Tomakepeoplearoundtheworldconnected.B.Todelivermedicalmessagesmoreefficiently.C.TogetanadvantageoverothersintheColdWar.D.TohelptheUSNavysolvetheirmilitaryproblem.√READANDEXPLOREReadthepassage.Answerthefollowingquestions.6.HowisPara.6organized?A.Inorderoftime.B.Inorderofspace.C.Inorderofpreference.D.Inorderofcharacter.7.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Education. B.History.C.Science. D.Entertainment.√√READANDEXPLOREReadPart1andtellwhatinventions/discoveriesarementionedinthispart.AmazingdiscoveriesmedicinecommunicationstransportotherknowledgeREADANDEXPLOREDoyouknowthechangeincommunication?READANDEXPLOREAlthoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportantdiscovery,itispossibletosingleoutafewpioneersofthe20thcentury.Herearesomeofthem.WhatfunctiondoesPara.2playinthetext?TransitionItservesasaconnectionlinkbetweentheprecedingandthefollowing.READANDEXPLOREThishugemachinewastheworld’sfirstcomputer,butitwasnothinglikeourcomputerstoday.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpart?Itmeansthattheworld’sfirstcomputeriscompletelydifferentfromtheoneweusetoday.READANDEXPLOREReadPart3andtell:Whydidthesepioneersdoscientificresearch?Whatisthesignificanceofpioneers’breakthroughs?Thesepioneersofthe20thcenturywerealldedicatedtoimprovingthequalityofhumanlifeonEarth.Humanlifeonthisplanethasbeentransformedintoa"globalvillage",withallthedifferentcountrieslinkedinthechainofcommon60interests.Thereisnodoubtaboutit.Withoutthebreakthroughsofthesepioneersinscienceandtechnology,whetherluckyorplanned,theworldasweknowittodaywouldbeacompletelydifferentplace.READANDEXPLOREReadthelastparagraphandcompletetheconclusion.Thesepioneerswerealldedicatedtoimproving_____________________________onEarth.Thankstothebreakthroughsofthesepioneersin____________________________,wecanenjoyamodernlifetoday.thequalityofhumanlifescienceandtechnologyGroupWorkThinkandshare.READANDEXPLORE1.Whichdiscoveryorinventionmentionedinthetexthasbeenthemostimportantsofar?Why?Example1:IthinktheinventionofWorldWideWebhasbeenthemostimportantsofar,becauseitisofgreatpracticalsignificanceformostpeople.Lifewithoutitisunimaginable.GroupWorkThinkandshare.READANDEXPLORE1.Whichdiscoveryorinventionmentionedinthetexthasbeenthemostimportantsofar?Why?Example2:Ithinkpenicillinhasbeenthemostimportantdiscoverysofarbecauseithassavedmillionsoflivesaroundtheworld.Forexample,inWWII,manysoldiersgotwounded.Penicillinwasusefulinkeepingwoundsfromgettinginfectedandhelpingtospeedthehealingprocessofthosewoundsthatdidbecomeinfected.GroupWorkThinkandshare.READANDEXPLORE2.Whichdiscoveryorinventionwillmostinfluencethefuture?Why?Example1:IthinkE=mc2willmostinfluencethefuture.Becausewiththedecreasesinnaturalresources,energyproblemhasbecomemoreseriousthanever.E=mc2providestheoreticalbasisforfutureresearch.GroupWorkThinkandshare.READANDEXPLORE2.Whichdiscoveryorinventionwillmostinfluencethefuture?Why?Example2:Inmyopinion,theInternetwillmostinfluencethefuture.WithoutInternet,wemightnotimmediatelyhaveaccesstothelatestnewsormaterials.Forexample,intheeducationalfield,peoplesharelessonsandothereducationalresourcesontheInternet,whichmakesitpossibleforstudentsinremoteareastogeteducated,andpromotesfaireducationaswell.GroupWorkThinkandshare.Line12:Although...Herearesomeofthem.Line15:Oneofthe20thcentury'spremierscientistswas...Line24:...anotherimportantfinding...Line34:...whenFleming'sdiscoverywas...Line49:Withthedevelopmentofcomputers...Line57:Thesepioneers... READANDEXPLORE3.Howdidthewriterconnecttheparagraphs?Circlethesignalwordsorphrases. Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsbelow.Ireallydon'tknowwhatIwanttodowhenIleaveschool.Mydadisacomputerengineerworkingontheimprovementofthe1._________________oftheNavy's2._______________.Iwouldliketofollowinhisfootsteps,butthenI'dhavetositinaccuracymissilesREADANDEXPLOREorbitmissileenablelaunchaccuracyscientificmicroscopeinventorbiologistCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsbelow.frontofacomputerallday.Mymumisa3.________________,butitseemstomethatallshedoesislookingatbacteriathrougha4.___________________.Allthatstuffabout5.___________________findingsthatsavepeople'slivesisprettyinteresting,butIthinkImightbemoreinterestedinstudyingmedicine.Butthenagain,myuncleisascientistandheisbiologistmicroscopeREADANDEXPLOREscientificCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsbelow.alwaystalkingabout6.________________satellitesinto7.___________.Ifindthisveryexciting.IknowwhatIwanttobe!Icouldbean8._______________!Icouldcomeupwithhundredsofinventionsthatwill9.____________peopletolivebetterlives.But...Idon'tthinkthere'sauniversitycourseforinventors.MaybeIshouldjustfindoutwhatIreallylikefirst.launchingorbitREADANDEXPLOREinventorenableVOCABULARY1.efficientlyefficientadj.效率高的theefficientuseofenergy能源的有效利用fuel-efficientcars節能汽車

efficiencyn.效率withefficiency高效地練習：Wecanarrangetime______________andknowhowlongasingletaskwilltake.efficientlyVOCABULARY2.proposeproposetodo/doing

打算做某事;打算proposeatoast敬酒；舉杯proposaln.提議；建議make/submit/accept/rejectaproposal提出/提交/接受/拒絕一項提議練習：Heresolutely______________investinginthepropertymarket.proposesVOCABULARY3.figureoutaleading/key/centralfigure領軍/關鍵/核心人物

keepone’sfigure保持身材

atallfigureinahat一個戴帽子的高個子人影

afive-sidedfigure五邊形

練習：Ihave___________________theprocedureofcomplaint.figuredoutVOCABULARY4.rangefromrangefromAtoB包括從A到B之間的各類事