第頁2025年高考英語總復習《語法—非謂語動詞》專項測試卷（附答案）學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________非謂語動詞易錯點集錦一．非謂語動詞的形式及意義非謂語動詞主動語態被動語態意義不定式一般式todotobedone不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生或在其后發生不定式進行式tobedoing不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的動作發生在句中謂語動詞的動作之前現在分詞/動名詞一般式doingbeingdone其表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生，或基本上同時發生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的動作先于句中謂語動詞的動作發生過去分詞一般式done與句中主語為邏輯上的被動關系，表完成二．技巧點撥·如何解答非謂語動詞題目分析句子結構，辨別“謂語和非謂語”首先判定所給動詞是否充當句子的謂語，如果是，就用謂語形式；如果句子中并不缺謂語，則用非謂語形式。所以在解題過程中，首先必須明白非謂語動詞雖然與動詞有關，但它們都不是謂語動詞。其次，必須培養識別英語句子謂語的能力，因為命題人經常就一些多義詞、多性(詞性)詞，尤其是熟詞生義設置題目，增加句式結構的復雜性和干擾性，從而導致考生理解失誤，不能正確地劃分句子主干，繼而造成失分。[例1]Astudyoftravelers(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.[分析]conducted本題存在一詞多義、一詞多性的特征，由于不能找到正確的謂語動詞，考生容易誤填wasconducted或wereconducted。因name的常見詞性為名詞，考生會將題干中的“names”誤認為是名詞name的復數形式。其實，在本題中，name為謂語動詞，意為“選定；指定”，因主語“Astudyoftravelers(一項關于游客的研究)”是第三人稱單數，故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式names。找到謂語之后，可輕松推知此處應填非謂語動詞，再由“study”與“conduct”之間是被動關系，可知應填過去分詞作后置定語。2．尋找邏輯主語，確定邏輯主語與所給動詞之間的關系非謂語動詞雖然不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞的特點，其邏輯上的動作執行者就是邏輯主語。分析非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語(邏輯上的動作執行者)之間是主動關系還是被動關系(也就是看其邏輯主語是動作的發出者還是承受者)。如果邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間是主謂關系，則用現在分詞形式。如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是動賓關系，則用過去分詞形式。但是當含有被動意義時，如果非謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發生，則用動詞不定式的被動式；如果非謂語動詞表示的動作正在進行，則用現在分詞形式的被動式。[例2]Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.[分析]returned句意：生產廠商定期來收集因質量問題而被退回到我們商店的相機。句中已有謂語動詞comes，因此設空處應為非謂語動詞形式；且動詞return與其邏輯主語thecameras之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語，故填returned。3．分析所給動詞表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作發生的先后順序非謂語動詞所發生的時間是一個相對時間，即相對應謂語動詞的動作發生的時間而言。非謂語動詞的形式不同，所指時間的含義也不同。根據非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的動作發生的先后順序確定用一般式還是完成式。如tohavedone,havingdone表示該動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前；tobedoing,doing表示該動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。[例3](work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.[分析]Havingworked考生容易誤認為在句首設題，應填towork表示目的。然而，本題考查的是非謂語動詞與謂語動詞存在時間先后關系時的用法。并且句中的主語Steve與work之間為主動關系，因此應用現在分詞的完成式havingdone。三．非謂語動詞作主語和表語的易錯點1.不定式作主語時，一般表示具體某一次的動作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。注意：不定式作表語時：①表示預定要發生的動作；②當主語是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等詞時，常用不定式作表語；③主語為what引導的名詞性從句時，表語多用不定式。Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbettertoremainsilent.Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis(to)improvemyEnglish.(如果前面有實義動詞do的形式，作表語的不定式常省略to)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或習慣性的動作。也可用it作形式主語，動名詞作真正的主語放在句末。動名詞作表語時相當于名詞，用于解釋主語的內容。常用于動名詞作主語的句型：①It’sawasteoftimedoing...②It’snouse/gooddoing...③Itisuselessdoing...④Thereisnodoing...TravelingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.Ofcourse,enjoyinganicemealwithfriends,whateverweeat,canimpactourspirits.It

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withmostmildcomplaints.It’snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.Itisnousefishinginthisriver;therearenoneleft.3.V-ed形式不作主語，作表語時常表示主語的狀態。Thewindowisbroken.Afterthelongjourney,theyareexhausted.四．非謂語動詞作定語時易錯點1.不定式作定語①.不定式作定語通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來的動作。②.序數詞，形容詞最高級，thelast,theonly等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作定語。③.被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常用不定式作定語。常見名詞：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。不定式作定語易錯點：①不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動賓關系，若該不定式是不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞。②不定式作定語時，當句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語時，不定式使用主動式；③當句子的主語不是不定式的邏輯主語且不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動關系時，不定式使用被動式。Theplaytobeproducednextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn’tfindanypapertowriteon.Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么東西要買嗎？(you是buy的執行者)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch．IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我想去北京。你有什么東西要買嗎？(you不是buy的執行者)2.分詞作定語①作定語的及物動詞的分詞形式有：現在分詞、“being＋過去分詞”、過去分詞。當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動關系時，用現在分詞；當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關系且表示正在進行時，用“being＋過去分詞”；當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關系且表完成時，用過去分詞。②作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式為：現在分詞和過去分詞。現在分詞表示動作正在進行；過去分詞只表示動作已完成，不表被動。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswifesayingshehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespentwithhisstudents.Themostcommonerrormadeinhangingpicturesistohangthemtoohigh.Localpeopleinvitedtoattendameetingareverypleasedtosharetheirexperiencesofhospitalservices.五．非謂語動詞作定語的解題思路表示被動、完成用過去分詞(done)；表示主動、進行用現在分詞(doing)；表示被動、進行用beingdone；表示主動、尚未進行用todo；表示被動的動作尚未進行用tobedone。試比較：①Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②Thebridgebuiltin2017wasdesignedbyalocalcompany.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.④Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.六．非謂語動詞作賓語易錯點不定式作賓語Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，常用形式賓語itWethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.V-ing形式作賓語We'reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.Theyonlyallowsmokinginrestrictedareas.七．非謂語動詞作賓語補足語易錯點1.不定式作賓補不定式作賓補時，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關系，不定式表將來、主動。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.2.現在分詞作賓補現在分詞作賓補時，動詞與賓語之間存在主謂關系，且強調正在進行的主動動作。IheardTomsinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.Onthetopofthehill,hecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneys.3.過去分詞作賓補時，動詞與賓語之間存在動賓關系。可接過去分詞作賓補的常見動詞：感官動詞(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役動詞(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。Whentheygotthere,theyfoundthehouseburntdown.ThewaitressaskedtheAmericanhowhelikedhissteakcooked.八．特定動詞后非謂語動詞形式易錯點1.只接不定式作賓語的動詞：決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish；refuse,manage，care,pretend；offer,promise,choose,plan；agree,ask/beg,helpThepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughandcomprehensivereviewofthecase.Soonthevillagerscouldn'taffordtobuyfoodforthemselves.Imanagedtogetalltheironingdonethismorning.Ipromisetocomeforalongvisit.2.只接動名詞作賓語的動詞及短語：consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon；admit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate；forbid/avoid,imagine,risk；can’thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想避免錯過繼續練，否認完成就欣賞禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準避免Thereisnodoubtthattheeventwillattractmorevisitorstoenjoyvisitingthiswonderfulcity.Ialwaysimagineflyinglikeabird.Iavoidworkinginplaceswhicharetoopublic.3.不定式在特定的動詞后作賓補的動詞(短語)advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon等。Ican'tdecidewhichtobuy.Wedon'tknowhowtoputitintopractice.Mumforbadthemtoplayballinthepublicgarden.He'dmanagedtopersuadeDadtobuyacarforhim.Howcouldyouallowhimtodosomethinglikethat?want,need,require作“需要”講時，后接V-ing形式，主動形式表達被動含義；（若用不定式則用tobedone）與此用法相同的動詞還有deserve(值得)Mycarneedswashing/tobewashed.Thehousewantspainting/tobepainted.Yourhairneedscutting/tobecut.以下詞可接不定式，也可接V-ing形式，意義基本相同：prefer,like,love,start,begin,hate,intend等Iprefergoingtothecinematonight.Iprefertogotothecinematonight.Iintendtorewritethestoryforyoungerchildren.Iintendrewritingthestoryforyoungerchildren.6.接“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”作賓語。在動詞learn,decide,know,wonder,show,teach,tell,understand,explain,advise,findout等詞后作賓語。Pleaseshowushowtodothat.Ican’tdecidewhattobuy.Wedon’tknowhowtoputitintopractice.7.接不定式與動名詞作賓語意義不同的動詞①trytodo盡力做……trydoing試著去做……②meantodo打算做……meandoing意味著……③regrettodo遺憾要去做……regretdoing后悔做過……④remembertodo記得去做……rememberdoing記得做過……⑤forgettodo忘記去做……forgetdoing忘記做了……⑥can'thelp(to)do不能幫忙做某事can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事Lifeisn’tamatch.It’sajourney.Ifyouspendthatjourneyalwaystryingtoimpressothers,you’rewastingyourlife.Itriedreadingthetextwithoutconsultingmydictionary.Ididn'tmeantobotheryou.Whathesaidmeansgoingtherebyair.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingyourclassroom.IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.IrememberedtolockthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.I'mverybusynow,soIcan'thelp(to)cleantheroom.Thegirlcouldn'thelpcryingwhenshesawhermotheragain.8.V-ing形式還可以充當介詞的賓語動詞作介詞的賓語時，要用動名詞形式，不能用動詞不定式。由“動詞＋介詞”構成的短語，其后跟動名詞作賓語，常見的有：be/getusedto(習慣于)feellike(想要)insiston(堅持)objectto(反對)getdownto(開始認真做某事)devote...to...(致力于……)stickto(堅持)giveup(放棄)等此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.；havefun(in)doingsth.等句型中也用動名詞作賓語。Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingyourclassroom.Heenteredthechemistrylabwithoutbeingpermitted.Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlybydescribingvarioussounds.Just

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九．非謂語動詞作狀語易錯點不定式作狀語1.作目的狀語，可用soasto/inorderto替換，但soasto一般不可置于句首，意為“為了；想要”。DuringtheMid－AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogethertoshareameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.2.結果狀語，常用于下列結構中：onlytodo(表示意想不到的結果)enoughtodo(足夠做……)too...todo...(太……而不能……)；so/such...asto...(如此…以至于…)等。Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.Idrovetotheparkinglotonlytofinditwasfullyparkedwithallkindsofvehicles.Hewassoexcitedastobeunabletospeak.Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.Thecasewastooheavytobecarriedbyachild.3.原因狀語常用在“主語＋系動詞＋形容詞＋todo”結構中。Iwassurprisedtofindhimhere.They

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areleaving.現在分詞作狀語分詞作狀語時，可以表時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、伴隨狀況等。為了強調，還可與while,when,once,if,unless等連用。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常要與句子的主語保持一致。現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的主動關系。1.表示原因，一般式表示動作與句子謂語動詞同時發生；完成式表示動作早于主句動作發生。Standingonthetopofthemountain,Ifeltrelaxed.Havingbeentoldthemeetingwascancelled,Iwenthomeafterwork.2.表示時間，其動作在句子謂語動作之前、之后或同時發生。Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithMary.Havingfinishedhishomework,Tomwenttoplaybasketball.3.表示方式或伴隨情況，常跟在句子后。Atthebelloftheclass,hecamerunningintotheclassroom.4.表示結果，跟在句后。Theplanecrashed,killingallthepeopleonboard.5.表示條件，置于句首或句末。Workinghard,you'llsucceedoneday.6.表示讓步，置于句首或句末。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的被動關系。1.表示時間Whenaskedherfurtherplans,shesaidthatshewantedtobeanurse.2.表示原因Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.3.表示條件Iftakenaccordingtothedirections,themedicinehasnosideeffect.4.表示結果Thegirlmetwithanaccident,woundedinthehead..5表示讓步Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinfindingajob.6表示方式或伴隨Theoldmangotoffthebed,supportedbyhisson.獨立成分作狀語有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。generallyspeaking(tobegeneral)一般來說honestly/roughly/strictlyspeaking老實說/大體說/嚴格說franklyspeaking/tobefrank坦白說judgingfrom/by根據……來判斷oconsideration/account考慮到……considering/seeing/given...考慮到……totellthetruth/tobehonest說實話comparedwith/by與……相比tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是十．獨立主格結構易錯點非謂語動詞本身有動詞的特性，其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時，用獨立主格結構表示。獨立主格結構作狀語1.名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語/現在分詞/過去分詞/不定式(主動表被動)Weatherpermitting,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.2.with/without＋名詞/代詞＋賓語補足語(現在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語)Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisegoingon.十一．非謂語動詞的常用結構have/getsth.doneYou'dbetterhave/getyourcarchecked.makesb./sth.doneThat'saspecialwaytomakemyselfunderstood.make/have/letsb.dosth.Theteachermade/had/letusfinishthehomework.getsb.todosth.Youshouldgetyourparentstohelpyou.find/catchsb.doingsth.Hewasfound/caughtstealingintheshop.findsth.doneHefoundhisroombrokeninto.感官動詞（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth.+doingsth.Isawhimworkinginthegarden.感官動詞（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth.+doneDidyouseethebridgewashedawaybytheflood?感官動詞（feel,hear,see，notice等）＋sb./sth.+dosth.Inoticedmyteacherentertheclassroom.beworthdoingsth.(主動形式表示被動意義）Thefilmiswellworthseeing.bebusy/occupieddoingsth.I'mbusywritingabook.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.Theyspentthreemonths(in)learningFrench.havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)doingsth.Wehavenodifficulty(in)findinghishouse.Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.Thereisnopoint(in)waitingforhimanylonger.havenochoicebuttodosth.Wehavenochoicebuttoturnback.can/coulddonothingbutdosth.Theywereallsotiredthattheycoulddonothingbutyawn.getdowntodoingsth.I'mgoingtogetdowntostudyingEnglishthisterm.高考英語語法【非謂語動詞】易錯點對點訓練30題I.高考真題診斷·單句語法填空1.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially（design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.2.Scientistshaverespondedby（note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集）aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺）thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.3.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive（perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.4.EarthDay,（mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.5.Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously（face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords"Beyourself".II.精選典題非謂語動詞專題對點訓練·單句語法填空6.ShefailedthisEnglishexaminationagain.Thisisbecauseshesometimeshastrouble(pay)attentiontoherstudy.7.Tohissurprise,Jackfoundhisson(dress)asSantaClausonChristmasEve.8.(compare)withthetraditionaltrademode,theydon’thavetospendmoneyinrentingahouse.However,therearestillsomedisadvantagestoonlineshopping.9.Anotherstudent,a15-year-oldgirlfromGuangdong,wasafraidofexams.Shewouldgetveryupsetwiththeexampaper(lie)infrontofher.10.Failing(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.11.Long(consider)amasterpieceofChineseliterature,thenovelisgenerallyacknowledgedtobethepeakofChinesefiction.12.Once(build),Xiong’anNewAreawillreducetheburdenofBeijingheavily.13.Itisverydifficultforparentstodecidewhether(have)asecondchildornot.14.ThevisitorstoBritainmayfindthemostmarvellousplace(enjoy)thelocalcultureisinatraditionalpub.15.TheYangtzeRiver，(know)inChinaastheChangJiangisthelongestriverinAsiaandthelongestintheworldtoflowentirelywithinonecountry.III.精選典題非謂語動詞專題對點訓練·單句改錯16.Ialsonoticedthattheyalwaysseemedtodresswell,andalwayshadtheirhairandmake-updo.17.Asweallknow,wecanmeetwithvariouschallengesinourlife.Facingwithchallenges,whatshouldwedo？18.Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.19.Iamwritingtokeepyouinformingofsomethingabouttheseveresituationthattheyarefacedwithpresently.20.Asforme,IamlookingforwardtospendthisprecioustimewithmyfamilybeforeIleaveformycollege.IV.精選典題非謂語動詞專題對點訓練·短文語法填空Doyoulike21.________(travel)?22.________(stay)healthywhile23.________(travel)canhelptoensureyourtripisahappyandenjoyableone.Herearethetipsyouneed24.________(make)yourtripmucheasier.Makesureyouhavegota25.________(sign)passportandvisa.Also,beforeyougo,fillintheemergencyinformationpageofyourpassport!Maketwocopiesofyourpassportidentificationpage.Thiswillhelpalotifyourpassportis26.________(steal).Leaveonecopyathomewithfriendsorrelatives.Carrytheotherwithyouinaseparateplacefromyourpassport.Readthepublicannouncementsortravelwarningsforthecountriesyouplan27.________(visit).Getyourself28.________(inform)oflocallawsandcustomsofthecountriestowhichyouaretravelling.Leaveacopyofyouritinerary(旅行日程)withfamilyorfriendsathomesothatyoucanbe29.________(contact)incaseofanemergency.Donotacceptpackages30.________(give)fromstrangers.Donotcarrytoomuchmoneyorunnecessarycreditcards.Ifyoumakeenoughpreparations,youwillsucceed.Haveagoodtime!參考答案專題八非謂語動詞易錯點集錦一．非謂語動詞的形式及意義非謂語動詞主動語態被動語態意義不定式一般式todotobedone不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生或在其后發生不定式進行式tobedoing不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的動作發生在句中謂語動詞的動作之前現在分詞/動名詞一般式doingbeingdone其表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生，或基本上同時發生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的動作先于句中謂語動詞的動作發生過去分詞一般式done與句中主語為邏輯上的被動關系，表完成二．技巧點撥·如何解答非謂語動詞題目分析句子結構，辨別“謂語和非謂語”首先判定所給動詞是否充當句子的謂語，如果是，就用謂語形式；如果句子中并不缺謂語，則用非謂語形式。所以在解題過程中，首先必須明白非謂語動詞雖然與動詞有關，但它們都不是謂語動詞。其次，必須培養識別英語句子謂語的能力，因為命題人經常就一些多義詞、多性(詞性)詞，尤其是熟詞生義設置題目，增加句式結構的復雜性和干擾性，從而導致考生理解失誤，不能正確地劃分句子主干，繼而造成失分。[例1]Astudyoftravelers(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.[分析]conducted本題存在一詞多義、一詞多性的特征，由于不能找到正確的謂語動詞，考生容易誤填wasconducted或wereconducted。因name的常見詞性為名詞，考生會將題干中的“names”誤認為是名詞name的復數形式。其實，在本題中，name為謂語動詞，意為“選定；指定”，因主語“Astudyoftravelers(一項關于游客的研究)”是第三人稱單數，故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式names。找到謂語之后，可輕松推知此處應填非謂語動詞，再由“study”與“conduct”之間是被動關系，可知應填過去分詞作后置定語。2．尋找邏輯主語，確定邏輯主語與所給動詞之間的關系非謂語動詞雖然不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞的特點，其邏輯上的動作執行者就是邏輯主語。分析非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語(邏輯上的動作執行者)之間是主動關系還是被動關系(也就是看其邏輯主語是動作的發出者還是承受者)。如果邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間是主謂關系，則用現在分詞形式。如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是動賓關系，則用過去分詞形式。但是當含有被動意義時，如果非謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發生，則用動詞不定式的被動式；如果非謂語動詞表示的動作正在進行，則用現在分詞形式的被動式。[例2]Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.[分析]returned句意：生產廠商定期來收集因質量問題而被退回到我們商店的相機。句中已有謂語動詞comes，因此設空處應為非謂語動詞形式；且動詞return與其邏輯主語thecameras之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語，故填returned。3．分析所給動詞表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作發生的先后順序非謂語動詞所發生的時間是一個相對時間，即相對應謂語動詞的動作發生的時間而言。非謂語動詞的形式不同，所指時間的含義也不同。根據非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的動作發生的先后順序確定用一般式還是完成式。如tohavedone,havingdone表示該動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前；tobedoing,doing表示該動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。[例3](work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.[分析]Havingworked考生容易誤認為在句首設題，應填towork表示目的。然而，本題考查的是非謂語動詞與謂語動詞存在時間先后關系時的用法。并且句中的主語Steve與work之間為主動關系，因此應用現在分詞的完成式havingdone。三．非謂語動詞作主語和表語的易錯點1.不定式作主語時，一般表示具體某一次的動作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。注意：不定式作表語時：①表示預定要發生的動作；②當主語是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等詞時，常用不定式作表語；③主語為what引導的名詞性從句時，表語多用不定式。Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbettertoremainsilent.Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis(to)improvemyEnglish.(如果前面有實義動詞do的形式，作表語的不定式常省略to)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或習慣性的動作。也可用it作形式主語，動名詞作真正的主語放在句末。動名詞作表語時相當于名詞，用于解釋主語的內容。常用于動名詞作主語的句型：①It’sawasteoftimedoing...②It’snouse/gooddoing...③Itisuselessdoing...④Thereisnodoing...TravelingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.Ofcourse,enjoyinganicemealwithfriends,whateverweeat,canimpactourspirits.It

is

a

waste

of

time

goingto

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withmostmildcomplaints.It’snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.Itisnousefishinginthisriver;therearenoneleft.3.V-ed形式不作主語，作表語時常表示主語的狀態。Thewindowisbroken.Afterthelongjourney,theyareexhausted.四．非謂語動詞作定語時易錯點1.不定式作定語①.不定式作定語通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來的動作。②.序數詞，形容詞最高級，thelast,theonly等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作定語。③.被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常用不定式作定語。常見名詞：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。不定式作定語易錯點：①不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動賓關系，若該不定式是不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞。②不定式作定語時，當句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語時，不定式使用主動式；③當句子的主語不是不定式的邏輯主語且不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動關系時，不定式使用被動式。Theplaytobeproducednextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn’tfindanypapertowriteon.Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么東西要買嗎？(you是buy的執行者)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch．IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我想去北京。你有什么東西要買嗎？(you不是buy的執行者)2.分詞作定語①作定語的及物動詞的分詞形式有：現在分詞、“being＋過去分詞”、過去分詞。當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動關系時，用現在分詞；當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關系且表示正在進行時，用“being＋過去分詞”；當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關系且表完成時，用過去分詞。②作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式為：現在分詞和過去分詞。現在分詞表示動作正在進行；過去分詞只表示動作已完成，不表被動。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswifesayingshehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespentwithhisstudents.Themostcommonerrormadeinhangingpicturesistohangthemtoohigh.Localpeopleinvitedtoattendameetingareverypleasedtosharetheirexperiencesofhospitalservices.五．非謂語動詞作定語的解題思路表示被動、完成用過去分詞(done)；表示主動、進行用現在分詞(doing)；表示被動、進行用beingdone；表示主動、尚未進行用todo；表示被動的動作尚未進行用tobedone。試比較：①Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②Thebridgebuiltin2017wasdesignedbyalocalcompany.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.④Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.六．非謂語動詞作賓語易錯點不定式作賓語Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，常用形式賓語itWethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.V-ing形式作賓語We'reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.Theyonlyallowsmokinginrestrictedareas.七．非謂語動詞作賓語補足語易錯點1.不定式作賓補不定式作賓補時，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關系，不定式表將來、主動。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.2.現在分詞作賓補現在分詞作賓補時，動詞與賓語之間存在主謂關系，且強調正在進行的主動動作。IheardTomsinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.Onthetopofthehill,hecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneys.3.過去分詞作賓補時，動詞與賓語之間存在動賓關系。可接過去分詞作賓補的常見動詞：感官動詞(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役動詞(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。Whentheygotthere,theyfoundthehouseburntdown.ThewaitressaskedtheAmericanhowhelikedhissteakcooked.八．特定動詞后非謂語動詞形式易錯點1.只接不定式作賓語的動詞：決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish；refuse,manage，care,pretend；offer,promise,choose,plan；agree,ask/beg,helpThepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughandcomprehensivereviewofthecase.Soonthevillagerscouldn'taffordtobuyfoodforthemselves.Imanagedtogetalltheironingdonethismorning.Ipromisetocomeforalongvisit.2.只接動名詞作賓語的動詞及短語：consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon；admit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate；forbid/avoid,imagine,risk；can’thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想避免錯過繼續練，否認完成就欣賞禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準避免Thereisnodoubtthattheeventwillattractmorevisitorstoenjoyvisitingthiswonderfulcity.Ialwaysimagineflyinglikeabird.Iavoidworkinginplaceswhicharetoopublic.3.不定式在特定的動詞后作賓補的動詞(短語)advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon等。Ican'tdecidewhichtobuy.Wedon'tknowhowtoputitintopractice.Mumforbadthemtoplayballinthepublicgarden.He'dmanagedtopersuadeDadtobuyacarforhim.Howcouldyouallowhimtodosomethinglikethat?want,need,require作“需要”講時，后接V-ing形式，主動形式表達被動含義；（若用不定式則用tobedone）與此用法相同的動詞還有deserve(值得)Mycarneedswashing/tobewashed.Thehousewantspainting/tobepainted.Yourhairneedscutting/tobecut.以下詞可接不定式，也可接V-ing形式，意義基本相同：prefer,like,love,start,begin,hate,intend等Iprefergoingtothecinematonight.Iprefertogotothecinematonight.Iintendtorewritethestoryforyoungerchildren.Iintendrewritingthestoryforyoungerchildren.6.接“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”作賓語。在動詞learn,decide,know,wonder,show,teach,tell,understand,explain,advise,findout等詞后作賓語。Pleaseshowushowtodothat.Ican’tdecidewhattobuy.Wedon’tknowhowtoputitintopractice.7.接不定式與動名詞作賓語意義不同的動詞①trytodo盡力做……trydoing試著去做……②meantodo打算做……meandoing意味著……③regrettodo遺憾要去做……regretdoing后悔做過……④remembertodo記得去做……rememberdoing記得做過……⑤forgettodo忘記去做……forgetdoing忘記做了……⑥can'thelp(to)do不能幫忙做某事can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事Lifeisn’tamatch.It’sajourney.Ifyouspendthatjourneyalwaystryingtoimpressothers,you’rewastingyourlife.Itriedreadingthetextwithoutconsultingmydictionary.Ididn'tmeantobotheryou.Whathesaidmeansgoingtherebyair.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingyourclassroom.IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.IrememberedtolockthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.I'mverybusynow,soIcan'thelp(to)cleantheroom.Thegirlcouldn'thelpcryingwhenshesawhermotheragain.8.V-ing形式還可以充當介詞的賓語動詞作介詞的賓語時，要用動名詞形式，不能用動詞不定式。由“動詞＋介詞”構成的短語，其后跟動名詞作賓語，常見的有：be/getusedto(習慣于)feellike(想要)insiston(堅持)objectto(反對)getdownto(開始認真做某事)devote...to...(致力于……)stickto(堅持)giveup(放棄)等此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.；havefun(in)doingsth.等句型中也用動名詞作賓語。Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightsb