2025年1月普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.Lookforajob. B.Movetoanewplace. C.Rearrangethefurniture.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whatarealltheseboxesfor?M:I’mlookingforanewapartment.W:Why?M:Well,justforachange.Andtherentistoohigh.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anewbook. B.Amorningpaper. C.AnAfricanteacher.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Wow,Jennifergothernewbookpublishedlastmonth.Ilearneditfromthemorningpapertoday.M:Yes,Iknow,it’sbasedonherteachingexperienceinAfricalastyear.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?A.Regretful. B.Anxious. C.Confused.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Jim.HaveyouseenBob?M:Notsinceheleftmyofficeanhourago.Why?W:He’ssupposedtobeattheairportnowtopickupMrAnderson,buthe’snowheretobefound.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inapolicestation. C.Inacar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Slowdownabit,John,keepitunder65wedon’twanttobepulledoverbythepolice.M:Okay.Ijustwantedtogettotheservicestationsooner.I’mkindofhungry.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthemangoingtodotomorrow?APaythebill. B.Checkthemailbox. C.Fixthegascooker.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Ifoundthegasbillinthemailbox.M:Howmuchisit?W:Aboutahundredandfifty?Oh,itwasduelastFriday.M:Don’tworry,I’lltakecareofittomorrow.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.WhatdoesStevethinkofhistraining?A.Disappointing. B.Acceptable. C.Excellent.7.HowlongdoesStevetraineachday?A.Threehours. B.Fivehours. C.Tenhours.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,Steve,howisyourtraininggoing?M:Great.MycoachhasareallygoodswimprogramformeandIthinkI’minfirstclasscondition.W:Doyouhavetogetupveryearly?M:Well,Idon’tliketrainingearlyinthemorning,soIstartat10.W:Isee.Whataboutlunchthen?M:Idon’thavelunch.Lunchmakesmesleepy.Itrainallthroughthedayuntilthree.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.WhatdoesMarksayaboutlivedrawing?A.It’senjoyable. B.It’sstressful. C.It’screative.9.WhatisthenewthingthatMarkwantstodrawon?A.Magazines. B.Diaries. C.Maps.10.WheredoMark’sinspirationscomefrom?A.Hisdreams. B.Hisparents. C.Histravels.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodeveningeveryone,I’mFionawithustonightisMark,afamouslocalartist.Thanksforjoiningus.Mark.M:ThankyouFiona.W:Haveyoudonelivedrawingbefore?Istheremorepressuretodrawinfrontofanaudience?M:Yes,Ihavedonelivedrawingbefore.It’salwaysfun.Ioftendrawpicturesinpubsandpeoplealwayscomeoverforalookandachat.W:Iknowthatyou’vedrawnpicturesonmanythings,includingmapsandthecoversofbooksandmagazines.What’ssomethingyouhaven’tdrawnonyetbutreallywantto?M:I’dliketodrawonpersonaldiariespeoplehavekeptovertheyearsanddrawtheowneronit.W:Fantastic.Couldyoualsotelluswhereyourinspirationscomefrom?M:MostarefromthepeopleI’vemetandtalkedtowhenIwastravelling.Ialwaysdreamedoftravelingaroundtheworldandcreatingaseriesofdrawingsaboutdifferentcitiesintheworld.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Whatpositionisthemaninterestedin?A.Windowcleaner. B.Shopassistant. C.Fitnesscoach.12.Whatwillbeprovidedforthejob?A.Acompanycar. B.Asmartphone. C.Avideorecorder.13.Whatisneededtodothejob?A.Computerskills. B.Physicalstrength. C.Workexperience.【答案】11.A12.A13.B【解析】【原文】W:Hellomissuscar’scommercialcleaning.MayIhelpyou?M:Yes,I’mcallingtoaskaboutthecleanerposition.Isitstillavailable?W:Yes,itis.WemainlyworkwithsmallstoresintheareaandthejobistocleanthestorefrontWindows.M:Iknowyousaidthatinthead.DoIneedworkexperience?W:No,weofferonthejob.Paidtrainingasacompanycarisprovided.Youmusthaveadriver’slicenseandagooddrivingrecord.Youalsoneedtohaveasmartphoneforcommunication.M:Surething.CanIaskaboutthepay?W:Certainly,it’stentotwelvedollarsperhourplustips.M:OKdoyouhaveotherrequirements?W:Ouremployeesmustbedependableandbeabletoliftheavythingsandstandlonghoursatatime.M:Noproblem.W:Good.Canyoucometomorrowafternoonattwoforaninterview?M:OK.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Whatdoesthemando?A.He’sareceptionist. B.He’sasecretary. C.He’sawaiter.15.Whydoesthemansaysorrytothewoman?A.Heshowedherthewrongway.B.Thereisnoreservationforher.C.Hernamehasbeenmisspelled.16.Whatistheman’sadviceforthewoman?A.Comebacklater. B.Talktothemanager. C.Postponethemeeting.17.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Tidyuparoom. B.Makeaphonecall. C.Goforacoffee.【答案】14.A15.B16.A17.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?W:Yes,I’vegotareservation.MynameisHilaryLangley.M:Justamoment,please.Howdoyouspellyourlastname?W:ALALGLEYLangley.M:Well,I’msorry,butwedon’tseemtohaveareservationforyou.W:Theremustbesomemistake.I’mattendingaconferenceinthecityandmysecretarytoldmethattheconferenceorganizermadethereservationforme.M:Isee.No,I’msorry.Youarenotbookedinhere.W:Well,butcanyoufindmeasingleroomanyway?M:I’mafraidthere’snothingavailableatthemoment.W:Look,Ireallyneedaroomhere.CanItalktoyourmanager?M:Themanagerisawayonbusiness,butwell,Imaybeabletohelpyouifyoucouldwaitandpreparetocheckinaftertwointheafternoon,we’llhavesomeroomsatthattime.W:That’dbeverykindofyou.Couldyougivemeacallwhenyouhavearoomavailable?I’lljustwanderaroundandhavesomecoffee.M:Certainly.Wouldyoupleasegivemeyourphonenumber?W:Sure.Here’smycard.Thanks.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.Whydomanybirdsliveinthecity?A.Theycanobtainfoodeasily.B.Theyenjoyhumancompany.C.Theylosttheirnaturalhabitat.19.WhatdoesChristinafindsurprising?A.Thebirdsarefacingseriousdangers.B.Differentkindsofbirdslivetogether.CSomebirdsareattractedtothepoles.20.WhatisChristina’ssuggestionconcerningthebirds?A.Drivethemaway. B.Feedthemregularly. C.Doresearchonthem.【答案】18.C19.B20.C【解析】【原文】Goodevening.I’mhonoredtohavemyvoiceheardtomakeadifferenceinthelivesofthoselittlebirdsthatshareourcity.MynameisChristina.I’manenthusiasticbirdwatcher.Becausewecutdowntoomanytreesinthenearbyareas,manybirdsnowfindplaceswithinthecitytolive.Themostcommonistheareabehindthelargeadvertisementboardsonthepoles.It’sanaturalchoiceforthebirdsbecausethepolesaresimilartotrees,tallandfarfromdangersontheground.Thesurprisingthingisthattherearelikelymorethanfiveorsixkindsofbirdslivingtogetherateachplace.Whiletryingtolearnmoreaboutthesebirds,Ifindthattherehavenotbeenanyconsistentstudiesormonitoringofthem.Theireatinghabits,adaptationtolifeinthecity,diseases,deathrateandsuchotherinformationarenotavailable.I’dliketosuggestthataprogrammebestartedtostudythesebirds.Itcouldbeconvenienttoemploybirdwatcherstodotheinitialstudies.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AInterlibraryLoan(ILL)providesteachers,studentsandstaffwithaccesstobooksthatarecheckedoutornotownedbyourownlibraries,aswellasdigitizedcopiesofarticlesandbookchaptersfromourcollection.WhoCanBorrow?Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthroughILL.Interlibraryloanisnotavailabletoformerstudents,guestborrowersorfee-cardholders.HowLongDoesItTake?Articlesareusuallyreceivedwithin1-2daysandbooksin5-10days.However,obtainingitemsthatarerare,recentlypublishedorinhighdemandmaytakelonger.Tospeeduptheprocess,pleasemakesuretheinformationyousubmitthroughtheILLRequestFormisaccurate.LengthofLoansLoanperiodsareestablishedbythelendinglibrary.Allduedatesarenotedonthelabel.Borroweditemsaresubjecttorecallbythelendinglibrary.Anyrestrictionsestablishedbythelendinglibrarywillbeindicatedonthelabel.Norenewals(續(xù)借)areallowedforphysicalitemsborrowedthroughILL.Notification/DeliveryOptionsForaphysicalitem,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenitarrives.Itemsarepickedupatoneofourlibraries—theoneyouselectedintheILLRequestForm.Foranarticleorbookchapter,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenitisavailable.Toobtainthearticleorchapter,clickonthelinkprovidedintheemailandlogintoyourILLaccount.Onceinyouraccount,selectElectronicArticlesReceived.InterlibraryLoanFeesLibraryTypeLoanCostArticle/ChapterCostNon-ProfitLibraries$15$10For-ProfitLibraries$20$12InternationalLibraries$25$1521.WhocanusetheILLservice?A.Formerstudents. B.Guestborrowers.C.Retiredteachers. D.Fee-cardholders.22.WhatisaruleforborrowingaprintbookthroughILL?A.Payanextrafeefordelivery. B.Renewitbeforetheduedate.C.Pickitupatthelendinglibrary. D.Returnitwhenitisrecalled.23.Howmuchdoyoupayfortwoarticlesobtainedfromaninternationallibrary?A.$15. B.$20. C.$24. D.$30.【答案】21.C22.D23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了圖書館間借閱服務(wù)的相關(guān)信息?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthroughILL.(在校學(xué)生、教師（包括退休教師）和工作人員可以通過(guò)ILL請(qǐng)求借閱資料。)”可知，退休老師可以使用圖書館間借閱服務(wù)。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Borroweditemsaresubjecttorecallbythelendinglibrary.(借閱的物品可能會(huì)被借出的圖書館召回。)”可知，通過(guò)ILL借閱紙質(zhì)書的規(guī)則是被借出的圖書館召回。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中“InternationalLibrariesArticle/ChapterCost$15(國(guó)際圖書館文章/章節(jié)費(fèi)用15美元)”可知，從國(guó)際圖書館獲取兩篇文章的費(fèi)用是15×2=30美元。故選D。BWhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.Becauseofthis,I’mcarefulnottoconnectwhatmykidsweighwiththeirworthaspeople.Iencouragemydaughtertomakehealthysnackchoicesandoftendissuade(勸阻)herfromaseconddessert.ButonedaywhenIheardhersaying“IthinkI’mtoofat,”myheartsank.Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionallynegativeimpact.AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere,asparents,sayinglessismore.“Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,butI’mnotconvincedthatfoodisoneofthem,”shesays.“Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren’tnecessarilyhealthy.”Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawell-knownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe“DivisionofResponsibility,”whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,andthekidsthemselvesdecidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookiesthancarrots.Allowingkidstoeatwhattheywantalsoexposesthemtothenaturalconsequencesoftheirdecisions.“Whenyourchildsays,‘Mystomachhurts,’youcansay,‘Wellyouhadalotofsugaryfoodsandyoumightfeelbetterifyoumadesomeotherchoices,’”saysMarkey.“Letthemfeelliketheyhavesomecontroloverit.”I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.“Feedingisalonggame,”saysMarkey.“Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon’teatit,they’reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks.”24.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Sheisupsetbyherkids’weight. B.Sheiscriticalofthewayshewasfed.C.Sheisinterestedinmakingfood. D.Sheisparticularaboutwhatsheeats.25.WhichofthefollowingwouldMarkeydisapproveof?A.Allowingkidstoeatcookiesoccasionally. B.Offeringvariousfoodstokidsatfixedtimes.C.Explainingtokidstherisksoftakingsnacks. D.Talkingwithkidsaboutschoolatmealtimes.26.Whatshouldkidsdoaccordingtothe“DivisionofResponsibility”?A.Makedietdecisionsontheirown. B.Sharetheirfoodwithotherkids.C.Eatupwhatisprovidedforthem. D.Helptheirparentsdothedishes.27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing?A.Costly. B.Complex.C.Workable. D.Contradictory.【答案】24.B25.C26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者自己因童年時(shí)被灌輸飲食觀念而影響了與食物的關(guān)系，心理學(xué)家建議家長(zhǎng)在飲食上少干預(yù)，作者嘗試策略后發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子能做更好的飲食決策。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.‘Youdon’twanttogetfat’wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.(當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我經(jīng)常被告知什么不能吃?！澳悴幌胱兣帧边@句話在我整個(gè)童年時(shí)期不斷重復(fù)。這真的搞砸了我與食物的關(guān)系——這是我花了多年時(shí)間才克服的問(wèn)題)”可知，作者童年時(shí)被灌輸?shù)娘嬍秤^念對(duì)其產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，由此可推斷出，作者對(duì)自己童年時(shí)被喂養(yǎng)的方式持批判態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere,asparents,sayinglessismore.‘Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,butI’mnotconvincedthatfoodisoneofthem,’shesays.‘Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren’tnecessarilyhealthy.’(根據(jù)心理學(xué)教授夏洛特·馬基的說(shuō)法，食物是為數(shù)不多的家長(zhǎng)說(shuō)得少反而更好的話題之一。“在育兒方面，有很多事情值得深入討論，但我不認(rèn)為食物是其中之一，”她說(shuō)?！斑@只會(huì)給孩子們帶來(lái)一些不必要的擔(dān)憂和不安全感，這并不健康?！?”可知，馬基不贊成家長(zhǎng)和孩子過(guò)多談?wù)撌澄锵嚓P(guān)的話題，而向孩子解釋吃零食的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)屬于談?wù)撌澄锏脑掝}，所以馬基不會(huì)贊成。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawellknownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe‘DivisionofResponsibility,’whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,andthekidsthemselvesdecidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookiesthancarrots.(相反，她建議應(yīng)用營(yíng)養(yǎng)專家中一個(gè)著名的概念，即‘責(zé)任劃分’，在這個(gè)概念中，家長(zhǎng)在固定的時(shí)間為孩子提供各種主要是健康的食物，而孩子自己決定想吃什么和吃多少——即使這意味著偶爾吃的餅干比胡蘿卜多)”可知，根據(jù)“責(zé)任劃分”，孩子應(yīng)該自己做飲食決策。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.(我一直在嘗試這些策略，我發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)我不那么嚴(yán)格限制時(shí)，他們確實(shí)會(huì)做出更好的決策)”可知，孩子們確實(shí)會(huì)做出更好的決策，所以作者會(huì)認(rèn)為自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故選C項(xiàng)。CAnoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularly(模塊化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculptureofodd-lookingseedheads.Ittakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensappearwild,theyarecarefullyplanned,withculturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconceptof“rightplant,rightplace,”theymatchplantsthatenjoythesamesoil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpatternsofgrowth.Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Runningoutof. B.Keepingawayfrom.C.Puttingupwith. D.Takingadvantageof.29.Whywastheideaofmatrixplantingintroduced?A.Tocontrolweedsinlargegardens. B.Tobringinforeignspeciesofplants.C.Toconservesoilandwaterresources. D.Todeveloplow-maintenanceparkland.30.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPietOudolf’sgardens?A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking.C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThefutureofgardeningisWILD. B.NaturetreatsalllivesasEQUALS.C.MatrixgardensneedmoreCARE. D.OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS.【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種新型園藝設(shè)計(jì)方法——矩陣種植?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.(這種被稱為矩陣種植的方法旨在讓大自然在花園中承擔(dān)更多繁重的工作，甚至承擔(dān)一些設(shè)計(jì)工作)”可知，矩陣種植是讓大自然自身承接更多的工作；結(jié)合常識(shí)和劃線詞所在句“Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(Eschewing化肥和電動(dòng)工具，它基于一個(gè)極其簡(jiǎn)單的原則：更像大自然那樣進(jìn)行園藝種植)”中“togardenmorelikenaturedoes”可推知，要像大自然那樣進(jìn)行園藝種植，讓大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和電動(dòng)工具。所以劃線詞“Eschewing”的意思是“避開、遠(yuǎn)離”，與“Keepingawayfrom.”同義。故選B項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.(這個(gè)概念誕生于二戰(zhàn)后，當(dāng)時(shí)德國(guó)城市規(guī)劃者試圖以一種可復(fù)制且需要最少維護(hù)的方式種植大片公園綠地)”可知，引入矩陣種植的想法是為了開發(fā)低維護(hù)成本的公園綠地。故選D項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfourseasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.(荷蘭植物學(xué)家兼設(shè)計(jì)師PietOudolf的花園推廣了這種風(fēng)格，在種植組合中增添了藝術(shù)氣息，同時(shí)玩轉(zhuǎn)色彩和形態(tài)，四季都有看點(diǎn)，還滿足了野生動(dòng)物的需求)”可知，PietOudolf的花園有藝術(shù)氣息，很有品味。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(這種被稱為矩陣種植的方法旨在讓大自然在花園中承擔(dān)更多繁重的工作，甚至承擔(dān)一些設(shè)計(jì)工作。它避開化肥和電動(dòng)工具，基于一個(gè)極其簡(jiǎn)單的原則：更像大自然那樣進(jìn)行園藝種植)”和最后一段中“Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.(隨著人類投入的大幅減少，花園的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可以良好發(fā)展。成熟的矩陣花園不需要我們給予大多數(shù)花園的維持手段：化肥、分株、定期澆水。與傳統(tǒng)花園地塊相比，它們?cè)黾恿颂嘉眨瑴p少了雨水徑流，并顯著改善了棲息地和生物多樣性)”可知，文章主要介紹了矩陣種植這種新型園藝設(shè)計(jì)方法，它讓花園更接近自然、野生的狀態(tài)，未來(lái)園藝可能會(huì)朝著這種更自然、野生的方向發(fā)展。故A項(xiàng)“ThefutureofgardeningisWILD(園藝的未來(lái)是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DAsnewtechnologiestakeonincreasinglyhumanlikequalities,there’sbeenapushtomakethemgenderless.“Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,”saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.YetasMartinhasfoundinherwork,genderisoneofthefundamentalwayspeopleformconnectionswithobjects,particularlythosedesignedwithhumancharacteristics.Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaself-drivingcarknownas“Miuu.”Itwasfoundthatgenderincreasedusers’feelingsofattachmenttothesedevicesandtheirinterestinpurchasingthem.Forexample,participantssaidtheywouldbelesslikelytobuyagenderlessvoiceassistantthanversionswithmaleorfemalevoices.Whilegenderingaproductmaybegoodmarketing,itmayalsostrengthenoutdatedorharmfulideasaboutpowerandidentity.Thestereotypescommonlyassociatedwithmen,suchascompetitivenessanddominance,aremorevaluedthanthoseassociatedwithwomen.Thesequalities,inturn,aremappedontoproductsthathavebeenassignedagender.Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’snamewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa“he”or“she.”Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(擬人化)“providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.”Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreducesnegativestereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeonstereotype-inconsistentroles—amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,forinstance.32.Whatisthepurposeofmakingnewtechnologiesgenderless?A.Toreducestereotypes. B.Tomeetpublicdemand.C.Tocutproductioncosts. D.Toencouragecompetition.33.Whatweretheparticipantsprobablyaskedtodointhestudy?A.Designaproduct. B.Respondtoasurvey.C.Workasassistants. D.Takealanguagetest.34.Whyisitdifficulttocreategenderlessobjects?A.Theycannotbemass-produced. B.Namingthemisachallengingtask.C.Peopleassumetheyareunreliable. D.Genderisrootedinpeople’smind.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thequalityofgenderlessproducts. B.Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.C.Themeaningofanthropomorphism. D.Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章講述了新技術(shù)呈現(xiàn)人類特質(zhì)時(shí)人們?cè)噲D使其去性別化，但性別是人們與物體建立聯(lián)系的基本方式，且創(chuàng)造無(wú)性別物體很難，擬人化或能改變刻板印象。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“‘Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,’saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.(斯坦福大學(xué)組織行為學(xué)副教授阿什利·馬丁說(shuō)：“人們以非常傳統(tǒng)的方式對(duì)有性別的物品形成刻板印象?！蓖耆コ锲返男詣e似乎是解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的簡(jiǎn)單方法)”可知，人們對(duì)有性別的物品存在刻板印象，讓新技術(shù)無(wú)性別化的目的是減少這種刻板印象。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaselfdrivingcarknownas‘Miuu.’(在她的研究中，馬丁讓參與者對(duì)數(shù)字語(yǔ)音助手和名為‘Miuu’的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的男性、女性和無(wú)性別版本的喜愛程度進(jìn)行評(píng)分)”可知，參與者被要求對(duì)不同版本的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，這類似于對(duì)調(diào)查做出回應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’snamewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa‘he’or‘she.’(馬丁的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，創(chuàng)造無(wú)性別對(duì)象很困難。例如，如果一個(gè)物品的名字聽起來(lái)是無(wú)性別化的，比如Miuu，參與者仍然會(huì)給它賦予一個(gè)性別——他們會(huì)認(rèn)為Miuu是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因?yàn)樾詣e觀念根深蒂固在人們的腦海中，所以即使物品本身試圖設(shè)計(jì)成無(wú)性別，人們還是會(huì)賦予其性別，這導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)造無(wú)性別對(duì)象很困難。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(擬人化)‘providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.’(然而，馬丁看到了一線希望：她認(rèn)為擬人化‘提供了改變刻板印象的機(jī)會(huì)’)”以及后文所舉的例子可知，最后一段主要講了賦予產(chǎn)品性別有積極的一面，即可以通過(guò)擬人化改變刻板印象。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.____36____There’snovalueindeliveringanykindofcommunication,whetherwritten,spoken,formal,orinformal,ifthemessagedoesn’tcomeacrossclearly.Beingclearandbrief—whilemaintaininginterestandincludingeverythingyourlistenersneedtoknow—isahigh-levelcommunicationskill.Herearesometipsworthfollowinginordertocommunicatemoreeffectively.Keepyouraudienceinmind.Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourcommunicationstotheirinterests.____37____Thiswillengagetheirdesiretounderstandandinteractwiththeinformation.Don’tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.____38____However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.____39____Ifyou’veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you’llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearnnewinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers.Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills.Considerthebestmethodtodeliveryourmessage.Iftheinformationyou’recommunicatingisn’turgent,considersendinganemail.Writtencommunicationwillgiveyouraudiencemoretimetoreviewit,thinkitover,andfollowupwithquestions.____40____Buildingeffectivecommunicationskillstakestimebuttheeffectsareworththeeffort.A.Bepatient.B.Gettheaudienceinvolved.C.Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D.Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E.Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F.Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G.Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.【答案】36.C37.D38.G39.B40.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一些更有效地進(jìn)行溝通的技巧?！?6題詳解】上文“Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.(溝通中最常見的錯(cuò)誤之一就是試圖做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是溝通中易犯的錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)“Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.(最好的信息往往是簡(jiǎn)單的)”承接上文，明確正確溝通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免復(fù)雜，追求簡(jiǎn)單，句中“simple”與上文“toomuch”形成對(duì)比。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourcommunicationstotheirinterests.(當(dāng)你根據(jù)受眾的興趣來(lái)調(diào)整你的溝通內(nèi)容時(shí)，他們自然會(huì)更感興趣、更投入)”強(qiáng)調(diào)要迎合受眾興趣，D選項(xiàng)“Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.(直接談?wù)搶?duì)他們重要的事情)”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了具體做法，即直接針對(duì)受眾關(guān)心的事情進(jìn)行交流，與上文邏輯一致。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.(然而，他們是第一次聽到這些)”與設(shè)空句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。G選項(xiàng)“Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.(作為演講者，你已經(jīng)知道你要說(shuō)什么了)”與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，演講者自己熟悉內(nèi)容，但聽眾是初次接觸，同時(shí)，句中“whatyou’regoingtosay”與下文中指示代詞“it”構(gòu)成指代關(guān)系，上下文邏輯連貫。故選G項(xiàng)。【39題詳解】下文“Ifyou’veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you’llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearnnewinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudienc