專題02閱讀理解之主旨大意題

目錄

01考情透視·目標導航2

02知識導圖·思維引航3

03考點突破·考向探究4

考點一考查總結文章標題4

【真題研析】4

【核心精講】6

【命題預測】7

考點二考查文章大意題9

【真題研析】9

【核心精講】12

【命題預測】

考點三考查段落大意題15

【真題研析】15

【核心精講】17

【命題預測】18

04重難點突破主旨要義題的解題關鍵19

閱讀理解之主旨大意題

考目標

年份卷別考題統計考情分析

點要求

新高考I卷26

考查

新高考卷31

著眼II從近三年高考試題來看，主旨大意

于文題主要集中考查：文章標題、文章

2024全國甲卷27

章整大意；段落大意。

浙江卷1月35

體，

主旨大意題在高考中出現次數

歸新高考I卷32

穩定，通常1-2題。說明文和議論

主納、

新高考II卷27

旨總結2023文的主題句多位于文章的開頭，有

大文章全國甲卷時也位于文章的中間或末尾。記敘

意標

全國乙卷32文多在文章末尾點題，但有時不能

題題、直接在文章中直接找到主題句，需

浙江卷月、

大意12735

要考生在弄清段與段之間邏輯關系

及段新高考I卷32

的基礎上自己歸納總結。

落大

新高考卷預計在年高考主旨大意

意的2022II312025

能力題仍然有1-2題。

全國甲卷27、31、32

全國乙卷31

考點一考查總結文章標題

1.(2024全國甲卷B篇)

Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals（聲

音）thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsare

specialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumans

usingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfind

food.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstarts

assoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassess

theirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychoosea

placetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliar

smells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthe

future.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichthey

don'tusuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfind

randomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsof

predators（食肉動物）.Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersare

justdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehavior

C.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

(一)理解標題的三大特點：1.概括性——準確而又簡短；2.針對性——標題外延正好與文章內容相

符；3.醒目性——能引發讀者的閱讀欲望。

(二)確定文章標題：1.正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎上，看哪個選項能準確概括主旨；2.反面

否定法：撇開原文，拿各個備選項去設想用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內容，然后和原文章對照，一

一排除不符選項；3.研讀、比較四個選項：研讀四個選項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、概括性等。

2.（2024年1月浙江高考真題）TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedby

psychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.

Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15

minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-

upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtaina

secondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.

Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,

butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemfor

varioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.

Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrains

developedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.

Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtaining

calories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhyso

manyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.

Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswas

information-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhas

greatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轟炸)withnewinformation.

Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemore

thoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inorderto

manageourtimemosteffectively.

35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．EatLess,ReadMoreB．TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumans

C．TheLater,theBetterD．TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups

3.(2023年1月·浙江卷·閱讀理解D篇)

AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安裝)hasgrown

rapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupa

lotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobe

installednearthem.

Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuch

thoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalsto

controlweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersof

thesoil.

“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSite

PreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsoftheland

andcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solar

development,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneof

theeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).

Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsover

thepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlaws

relatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendliness

guidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.

Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsinto

ashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-

friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.

35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStayB．SolarEnergy:HopefortheFuture

C．InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgricultureD．SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment

通過文章的主題句總結概括文章標題：

本文主題句放在文章的末尾，先擺出事實細節，最后總結,從而得出結論,要求考生耐心地讀完全文。

有時主題句首尾呼應，開篇先提出主題，結尾再次升華主題。

總結文章標題解題指導

標題歸納題要求考生在理解文章的基礎上，結合文章的體裁和結構，從所給選項中選出適合文章的標

題。標題是文章中心思想的精練表達。此類題目主要考查考生把握主題和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生

在理解文章的基礎上運用判斷、歸納、概括等方法，對文章的主題進行提煉或高度概括，最終準確地選出

文章的標題。記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會考查到標題歸納題。

1.文章標題類設問方式

·Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.

·Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

·Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

·Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.

2.文章標題的特點

①概括性：能概括全文并體現文章的主旨；

②針對性：內涵相符，范圍一致；

③新穎性：新穎奇特，吸引眼球；

④精準性：不改變原文的意思和感情色彩

⑤簡短性：名詞短語,動名詞短語或祈使句。

3.錯誤選項的特點

①斷章取義(僅為文中一細節)；②以偏概全；③離題太遠

4.解題技巧：

關鍵詞法反復出現的詞語，多次重復的觀點就是體現主旨的關鍵詞

主題句法根據文章主題句，確定中心詞充當標題

串聯法分析文章細節，確定共同點，如同穿珠般，串聯細節共同點，確定標題

逆向法根據四個選項，考慮其可能內容，對照原文，最相似者為最佳選項

5.思維方法：

要首先找出文章的主題句，然后根據文章主題句確定文章標題，如果沒有主題句再尋找全文重復性強

的關鍵詞或者概括全文。

正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎上，揣摩哪個選項能準確概括主旨；

①反面否定法：撇開原文，設想各選項寫出來應是什么樣的文章，然后和原文比對，逐一排除不符項；

②研讀備選項：認真研讀備選項里的中心詞、結構、概括性、修飾詞的變化，查看與中心思想是否相

③

符。

1.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三第二次大聯考）

Researchersstudiednearly450grassystructuresbuiltovertwoyearsbywhite-browedsparrowweavers(肯

尼亞織雀)livingintheKalahariDesertinSouthAfrica.

“Experimentsshowthatinexperiencedmalebirdswillwatchfamiliarmaleschoosingnest-building

materialsandthenusethatinformationtoadjusttheirownchoices.Forexample,theypreferredapinktapebefore,

ratherthananorangeone,buttheywillprefertheorangeoneiftheyseeothersusingit,”saysMariaCristina

Tello-Ramos,aresearcher.

Thisbirdspeciesbuildsgrassstructuresthatservetwopurposes:Theycanbeturnedintoasafespotto

hatcheggs,butthey’realsoshelterswherebirdscansafelyrestinsideatnight.Birdsshapegrassintoatube,which

endsupbeingshapedbasicallylikeanupside-downletter“U”.

Tolearnmore,Mariaandhercoworkersmeasuredeverysinglestructurebuiltby43familygroupsovertwo

seasons.Theyanalyzedeverythingfromthelengthofthetubestothetubes’widthtotheanglebetweenthe

U-shapedtubes’“arms”.Theyintendedtoseewhatmightaccountfortheobserveddifferences,carefully

consideringfactorsliketemperatures,windspeed,andthenumberofbirdsineachfamily.Theycouldn’tfindany

explanationforwhythebirdswerebuildingsuchdifferentstructures.“Andsinceit’sknownthatthesebirdsare

highlysocial,”saysTello-Ramos,“itseemsprobablethatfamilymembersarejustcopyingeachother,creatinga

cultureofnest-buildingthatgetspasseddownagainandagainandagain.”

Sometimesafamilywilltakeanoutsiderundertheirwingandletitjointhegroup.“WhatIfoundmost

fascinatingwasthefactthatwhenanewsparrowweaverjoinsthegroup,itdoesn’tbringtheculturaltransmission

ofitsoldgroup,”saysCatherineSheard,abiologist.“Thatwouldn’thavebeenwhatIpredicted.”

31．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．ColorfulNestsAreaFashionforBirdsB．TraditionLiesinnest-buildingMaterials

C．BirdsBuildTheirCultureintoTheirNestsD．Nest-BuildingReflectsBirds’Gender

2.（2025·湘豫名校聯考）

Takeawalkdownanymajorbeachanditlikelywon’tbelongbeforeyouseesomeabandonedrubbish,

whicheventuallymakestheirwayintotheoceanwhereitdegradesoverdecadesorevencenturies.Forthemost

part,spottingallthatgarbagestillrequireseyesandafairdealofwalking.Butthatcouldonedaychangethanksto

anewsatelliteimagingtechnique.

Ateamdevelopedanewtoolthathighlightsuniquespectralcharactersinplastics,whichcouldaccurately

identifyplasticitemsonbeachesandtellthemfromsand,water,andplants.

Satelliteimageryhas,foryears,beenusedtohelpscientistsidentifyplasticsfloatingintheocean.This

processworksrelativelywellforidentifyinglargepiecesofplasticinthewater,butit’sfarlesseffectiveat

spottingplasticsonbeaches.Coastalplasticsoftenmixinorispartiallyburiedbysandwhichmakesspottingit

muchmoredifficult.

Theteamcreatedanewspectralindex,theBeachedPlasticDebrisIndex(BPDI),whichlooksforpatterns

ofreflectedlightfromplastics.Totesttheirnewtool,theresearcherscollectedvarioustypesofplastictrashthat

wouldlikelybefoundonabeach.Theyfinallysettledon14differentplastictargetsandplacedthem3.7meters

apartfromeachotheronabeachinVictoria,Australia.

Oncetheplasticswereinplace,thesatelliteflewfaroverheadandtookaseriesofphotos.Researchers

appliedtheirindextotheimagesandcomparedthemtothreeotheralready-developedindicesintendedfor

detectingplastics,twoforplasticsonlandandoneforobjectsfloatingintheocean.TheBPDIindexwell

outperformedtheotherthreeindicesintermsofaccuracy.Theotherthreegenerallystruggledtoidentifyplastics

and,insomecases,wouldevenmisidentifyshadowsastrash.Still,theBPDIindexwasn’tperfect.Inparticular,

thestudynotesitwasdifficulttoidentifytransparentandtranslucentpolymerslikeplasticwaterbottlesandbags.

Lookingtothefuture,theresearcherswanttomovethesefindingsoutoflimitedtestenvironmentsandinto

therealworld.Thatcouldmeanpartneringwithotherorganizationsspecializingincoastalplasticremovaltouse

theirsatelliteimagerytechnique.

15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．TheBeachedPlasticDebrisIndex

B．ANewTechniqueforIdentifyingPlasticsonBeaches

C．ANewTooltoIdentifyNewLightSpectrum

D．NewSatelliteTechniquesforOceanExploration

考點二考查文章大意題

1.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)C篇

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksof

travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreduce

thejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudience

suchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweekly

supplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotely

monitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemis

automated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,

thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanew

pre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)from

transportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollute

traditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.

Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-use

plastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMF

employee.

11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF’smajorstrengths.B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF’sglobalinfluence.D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.

本文的文章大意需要從文中各段進行總結，最后總結概括文章大意。

文章在不同的段落里說明了巴比倫微型農場的特點：減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術遠程監控、自動

化系統節約水資源、減少化學污染、以及員工的環保生活方式等，很顯然這都是農場的優勢。故A選項

正確。它是對全文的高度概括，語言精練。

2.（2023年1月·浙江卷·閱讀理解B篇）

Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamore

sustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.

IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmy

parents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’ve

learnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbestto

figureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.

Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.Iremembershowingmyparentsavideoof

BeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afew

dayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasfor

metocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.

Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmy

ownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasable

tostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedouta

bitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,but

youmayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.

Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifothers

commentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswho

arenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.

27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.

B．Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.

C．Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.

D．Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.

記敘文的文章大意：純記敘文通常沒有主題句,需要讀者自己領悟,從中歸納提煉;但有的在文尾作者會

發表感慨、感悟或就此發表議論,主旨也就在此;還有的先發表某種議論或感慨再講一個故事或經歷,主旨就

在文首。

本題是一篇記敘文，文章大意需要歸納總結文中的主要內容。

3.（2020·全國新課標II·閱讀理解B篇）

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp

childrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityof

Chicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplay

wasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,

educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeand

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat

54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheir

abilitytorotate(旋轉)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildrenin

thestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmore

frequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplay

withmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremore

activeduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Amathematicalmethod.B．Ascientificstudy.

C．AwomanpsychologistD．Ateachingprogram.

科研報告或調查報告：反映科學實驗或調研結果的報道或科普類說明文，內容主要包括“科研實驗

結果或調查結果+實驗研究過程或調查的具體情況”兩大部分,文章主旨就是科研或調查結果，因此主題句

通

常在首段,且常伴有accordingtoastudy,astudyshowed/proved,thisissuggestedbytheresultsofnew

researchon,scientistsrecentlyreported,astudyclaimed等。

文章大意解題指導

1.解題思路

2.文章大意類設問方式

·What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?

·Thepassageismainlyabout________.

·Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.

·Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

·Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?

·Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.

·Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.

·Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.

3.解題技巧：

方法1：主題句法

解答主旨大意題，找準文章的主題句是關鍵。下面介紹兩種快速找出主題句的方法。

(1)根據文體和寫作手法來定位主題句

(2)根據行文標志來定位主題句

如but，however，infact，actually等時，其后的內容往往是作者真正想要表達的觀

轉折詞

點。

總結詞如therefore，thus，inshort，conclude等，其后的內容往往是文章的主題。

疑問句若首段出現疑問句時，對該問題的回答可能是文章的主題。

方法2：高頻詞法

全文中無明顯主題句時，我們可以利用文章中的高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因

此，有的文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便

容易抓住文章的中心。

方法3：逆向思維法

在兩個選項看上去都十分正確無法選擇時，試著從選項出發，想象一下如果自己以此選項來寫文章會

有哪些內容，然后把它與文章的內容比較，接近的即為正確選項。

1.（2025·四川省攀枝花市高三統考）

Ifyourecentlyhadtroublefiguringoutifanimageofapersonisrealorgeneratedthroughartificial

intelligence(AI),you’renotalone.AccordingtoanewstudyfromUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario,Canada,

researchersfoundthatpeoplehadmoredifficultythanwasexpecteddistinguishingwhoisarealpersonandwhois

artificiallygenerated.

TheWaterloostudysaw260participantsprovidedwith20unlabeledpictures:10ofwhichwereofreal

peopleobtainedfromGooglesearches,andtheother10generatedbyStableDiffusionorDALL-E,twocommonly

usedAIprogramsthatgenerateimages.

ParticipantswereaskedtolabeleachimageasrealorAI-generatedandexplainwhytheymadetheir

decision.Only61%ofparticipantscouldtellthedifferencebetweenAI-generatedpeopleandrealones,farbelow

the85%threshold(門檻)thatresearchersexpected.“Peoplearenotasadeptattellingthedifferenceastheythink

theyare,”saidAndreaPocol,aPhDcandidateinComputerScienceattheUniversityofWaterloo.

Participantspaidattentiontodetailssuchasfingers,teeth,andeyesaspossibleindicatorswhenlookingfor

AI-generatedcontent—buttheirassessmentsweren’talwayscorrect.Pocolnotedthatthenatureofthestudy

allowedparticipantstocomparephotosindetail,whilemostInternetuserslookatimagesinpassing.“Peoplewho

arejustscrollingthroughonlineinformationinarushordon’thavetimewon’tpickupontheseclues,”Pocolsaid.

PocoladdedthattheextremelyrapidrateatwhichAItechnologyisdevelopingmakesitparticularly

difficulttounderstandthepotentialforill-intentionedorillegalactioncausedbyAI-generatedimages.Thepaceof

academicresearchandlaw-makingisn’toftenabletokeepup:AI-generatedimageshavebecomeevenmore

realisticsincethestudybeganinlate2022.

“Disinformationisn’tnew,butthetoolsofdisinformationhavebeenconstantlyevolvingandprogressing,”

Pocolsaid.“Itmaygettoapointwherepeople,nomatterhowtrainedtheyare,willstillstruggletodistinguish

realimagesfromfalseones.That’swhyweneedtodeveloptoolstoidentifyandpreventthis.”

11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Methodsofdistinguishingdisinformation.B．ChallengescausedbyAI-generatedimages.

C．DifficultiesintellingAI-generatedimages.D．Differencesbetweenrealandfalseimages.

2.（2025·湖南省郴州市高三統考）

SomescientistsfearresearchersaremisusingChatGPTandotherartificialintelligence(AI)chatbotsto

producescientificliterature,citingariseinquestionableAIwordsinpublishedpapers.Someoftheseremarks—

suchasthecarelessinclusionof“certainly,hereisapossibleintroductionforyourtopic”inarecentpaperfrom

ElsevierInc.’sSurfacesandInterfaces—arereasonablyobviousevidencethatascientistusedanAIchatbot

knownasalargelanguagemodel(LLM).But“that’sprobablyonlythetipoftheiceberg,”saysElisabethBik.A

representativeofElsevierInc.toldSCIENTIFICAMERICANthatthepublisherregretsthesituationandis

investigatinghowthepapercouldhave“slippedthrough”theevaluationprocess.

LLMsaredesignedtogeneratetext,butwhattheyproducemayormaynotbeaccurate.“Theproblemis

thatthesetoolsarenotgoodenoughyettotrust,”Biksays.They’llbeinwhatcomputerscientistscall

hallucinations:simplyput,theymakestuffup.“Specifically,forscientificpapers,”Biknotes,anAI“willgenerate

referencesthatdon’texist.”SoifscientistsplacetoomuchanaclisisinLLMs,studyauthorsriskputtingAI-

producedmistakesintotheirwork,mixingmorepotentialforerrorintothealreadymessyrealityofscientific

publishing.

AndrewGray,alibrarianandresearcheratUniversityCollegeLondon,recentlyhuntedforAI

buzzwords(流行語)inscientificpapersusingDimensions,adata-analyticsplatformthatitsdeveloperssaytracks

morethan140

millionpapersworldwide.Hesearchedforwordsimproperlyusedbychatbots,suchas“intricate”“meticulous”

and“commendable”.Theseindicatorwords,hesays,showtheproblemmoreclearlythanany“giveaway”AI

phraseacarelessauthormightcopyintoapaper.Atleast60,000papers—slightlymorethan1percentofall

scientificarticlespublishedgloballylastyear—mayhaveusedanLLM,accordingtoGray’sanalysis.Other

studiesthatfocusedspecificallyonsubsectionsofsciencesuggestevenmorerelianceonLLMs.Onesuch

investigationfoundthatupto17.5percentofrecentcomputersciencepapersexhibitsignsofAIwriting.

15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A．Thedevelopmentoflargelanguagemodelsinrecentyears.

B．TheriseofAIchatbotsinscientificliteratureisuncontrollable.

C．ThepotentialrisksofrelyingonAIchatbotsforscientificliterature.

D．ThepublishersareresponsibleforthemisuseofAIchatbotsinliterature.