專題十二揣測詞義

Passage1（2024北京,C）

Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityin

anopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengage

openlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojected

thewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario（情景；thiscentury".

Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,and

freshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-human

species,collapseiswellunderway.

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermanein

thismomentofsti11-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesinthewor1dsmost

technologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethat

aviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrously

lackinginflexibi1ity.

Theinternationalscholarswarningletterdoesntsayexactlywhatcollapse

wi11look1ikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,is

moreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeveryday

civilization.Amongthesignatories（簽署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,the

originatoroftheuecologicalfootprintMconcept,whichmeasuresthetotalamount

ofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrent

footprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsome

form,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,“Johnsonsaidin

anemail.

Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,theDecember

warninglettersays,canwehavethehopetoreducetheir“speed,severityandharm”.

Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwant

tohopethingswillturncutfine.Asapoetwrote,

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Hanisavictimofdope（麻醉品）

Intheincurableformofhope.

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（執著）onquieting

hopethatignorespreparedness."Letslookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,

theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomake

thebestofatroublingfuture.M

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.

2.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.

A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedI）,scared

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysical1imits.

B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.

C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.

D.Theglobalcollapseisuel1underway.

答案

語篇解讀

本文為說明文，主題語境是人與自然，主題語境內容是人類生存、社會發展與環境的關系。

文章通過介紹科學家、作家和科研人員聯名簽署公開信一事向人類發出了警告:政策制定者

和我們其他人必需公開面對全球崩潰的風險。

1.D解題指導詞義揣測題。依據畫線詞匯出現的位置將答案區域鎖定在第三段第?句中。

解析木題題干意為:第三段中畫線的單詞“germane”可能是葉么意思?依據畫線單詞所在

句子“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermanein

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thismomentof..."可知，即使在世界上技術最發達的國家，大流行病和經濟危機仍未得到

限制,在這種狀況下,呼吁公眾參加到這些以前無法想象會發生的事情中去是尤為重要的。故

選擇relevant“有重大關系的，相關的”。

2.A解題指導推理推斷題。依據題干中的“thepublicawarenessofglobalcollapseM

可將答案區域鎖定在第五段。

解析本題題干意為:關于公眾對全球崩潰的意識,作者是。依據第五段最終兩句可知,

公眾對于目前發生的各種危機只是被動地希望糟糕的狀況會自己漸漸好起來,就像詩中所說

的，人類像是被毒品麻醉一樣，空抱希望而不做任何處理危機的準備。可推知作者對于公眾對

全球崩潰的意識是擔憂的。

3.B解題指導推理推斷題。本題要從全文入手找尋詳細信息來推斷四個選項的正誤。

解析本題題干意為:我們能從這篇文章中r解到什么?A選項依據關鍵詞“thebiophysical

limits”可鎖定在第五段第一句，可知簽署者僅僅是希望公眾關注生物物理極限帶來的后果，

并早做準備應對，并沒有提到要變更生物物理極限，故為錯誤選項。B選項依據關鍵詞“poem”

可知,公眾只是靜默地希望危機過去而不做準備,而文章想通過公開信警示人們面對全球崩

潰的問題，故可知作者同意詩中的信息，故為正確選項。C選項意為:崩潰的問題正在被優先

考慮。明顯與文章主旨不符，文章正是想通過公開信呼吁公眾考慮崩潰問題。故為錯誤選項。

D選項意為:全球崩潰已經起先了。依據關健詞“wellunderway”鎖定在其次段最終一句“if

youareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway假如你是非人類的話，那么

崩潰事實上已經起先了。故為錯誤選項。

解題思路推理推斷題要求讀者在正確理解作者所述客觀事實、正確理解作者的主觀看法和

觀點以及寫作意圖的基礎上,推想作者在文章中未提到的事實或者事情的起因、結果或可能

性等。推理推斷題中的干擾項有：1）有悖常理干擾;2）偏離主題干擾;3）錯誤依據干擾;4）錯誤

邏輯干擾。

難句分析

原句：Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnations

andthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.

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分析:that引導主語從句,and連接并列結構。

譯文:就在不久前，人們還無法想象一種病毒會讓一些國家關閉,平安網絡會被證明是如此災

難性地缺乏敏捷性。

Passage2（2024天津春,B）

Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard（蜥蜴）wasgrowing

dusty.Itworriedme.1reportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomy

husbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromits

tankwithitsoldskinflcwingbehindit.

Ididn,tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhen1knockedmyfavorite

teapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.As1sweptupthemess,I

wonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.

Thedestructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmylusband'sbirthday.Hehad

justlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearusout,soIwantedtodo

somethingspecial.

“Let'smakeacakefcrDad!”1cried.

Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostofthe

day.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Blowersonthetable!

Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,my

daughterc1imbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbeside

thecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecake

away.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.

Threedaysago,the1ightinour1ivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveral

frustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbandsuggestedwatching

theMichaelJordandocumentary（紀錄片）seriesTheLastDance.

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Thepoignancy（辛酸）cfJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplay

baseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.As

Iwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,

Isawhimleavingbehindihelayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizard

had.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolive

withwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwe

havetolearntoleavethepastbehind.

Humansdonotshedskin（蛻皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchange

isupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeour

lizard,rawandnearlynew.

Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,

hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizardfromParagraph1?

A.Itstankgrewdirty.B.Itsoldskincameoff.

C.Itgotaskindisease.i）.Itwentmissing.

2.Whydidtheauthor*shusbandhavebananapuddingforhisbirthday?

A.Thebirthdaycakewasruined.

B.Theauthormadegoodpuddings.

C.Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.

D.Theycouldn'taffordabirthdaycake.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionTheLastDanceinthepassage?

A.Toproveatheory.

B.Todefineaconcept.

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C.Todevelopthetheme.

D.Toprovidethebackground.

4.Theunderlinedpart°leavingbehindthelayer”inParagraph8canbeunderstood

as.

A.lettinggoofthepast

B.lookingforanewjob

C.gettingridofabadhabit

I）,givingupanopportunity

5.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?

A.Loveoffami1yhelpsussurvivegreathardships.

B.It'snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.

C.Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.

D.Pastexperiencesshouldbetreasured.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是?篇記敘文。主題語境是人與自我，主題語境內容為主動的生活看法。

本文講解并描述了作者的丈夫失業后，作者及其家人經驗了?系列的不順,直到作者通過視

察蜥蜴的蛻皮以及觀看MichaelJordan的紀錄片《最終的舞動》獲得了啟示:不管發生什么

事,我們都要接著前進。

1.B推理推斷題。依據第一段最終一句Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstank

withitsoldskinflowingbehindit.（幾秒鐘后，我們的蜥蜴從箱里出來,舊皮在后面飄

動。）可知蜥蜴在經驗蛻皮過程。故選B。

2.A推理推斷題。依據第六段中的mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvase...She

sobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.可知丈夫吃香蕉布丁的緣由是生日蛋糕被毀了。

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3.C推理推斷題。作者在文中提到￡asZ的〃ce是為了引出下文的感悟，故選C。

4.A詞義揣測題。依據第八段最終一句話Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethe

pastbehind.（我意識到我們必需學會把過去拋在腦后。）可知選A。

5.C推理推斷題。這篇文章從開頭提到蜥蜴蛻皮到觀看喬丹的紀錄片都是為「引出主

題：learntoleavethepastbehindo故選C（不管發生什么，我們都應當往前走）。

Passage3（2024浙江1月,C）

Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwild

chimpanzees（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specific

messagestooneanotherwitha“vocabulary”of66gestures.Thescientists

discoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexamining

morethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.

DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyform

ofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansand

chimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysenta

messagetoanothergroupirember.

"That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,nshesaid."They'retheonly

thingthatlooks1ikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.v

Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstand

complexinformationfromanotheranimaTscall,theanimalsdonotappeartouse

theirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificant

differencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.

Chimpswi11checktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhich

theywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,

signalling:"Climbonme”.Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother*sback

andtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereis

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anotherspecies（物種）outtherethatismeaningfulinitsconununication,sothat*s

notuniquetohumans,“saidDrHobaiter.

DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,

saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolution

ofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittledisappointing”.

“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshave

littletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontained

intheirgesturesandactions,Mshesaid.aMoreover,themeaningsseemtonotgo

beyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulf

remains.”

1.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?

A.Memorizingspecificwords.

B.Understandingcomplexinformation.

C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.

I）munieatingmessagescnpurpose.

2.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?

A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.

B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.

C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.

D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Difference.B.Conflict.

C.Balance.D.Connection.

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4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Chimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthrough

B.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskills

C.Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdom

I）.Chimpanzeelanguage:comirunicationgesturestranslated

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。主題語境是人與自然，主題語境內容為人與動物。本文介

紹了科學家們通過跟蹤和拍攝烏干達的黑猩猩群，發覺了它們用手勢溝通,翻譯出了它們用

來溝通的手勢的含義。

1.1）細微環節理解題。依據其次段最終一句Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hada

systemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroup

member.（她說，只有人類和黑猩猩有一個溝通系統，他們有意向另一個小組成員發送信息。）

可知選1）（有目的地溝通信息），

2.B推理推斷題。依據第六段中的thestudywaspraiseworthy以及theresultswere“a

1ittledisappointing”可知選B（這是一個很好的嘗試，但探訂結果有限）0

3.A詞義揣測題“依據畫線單詞前一句可知，黑猩猩的這些手勢的含義不確定適用于其他動

物，存在不同之處。故選A。

4.1）主旨要義題。文章第一句已經點明文章主題：Researcherssaytheyhavetranslated

themeaningofgesturesthatwiIdchimpanzeesusetocommunicate.（探討人員表示，

他們已經翻譯出了野生黑猩猩用來溝通的手勢的含義。）。故選1）。

難句分析原句：Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimps

havelittletocommunicate,orwearesti11missingalotoftheinformationcontained

intheirgesturesandactions.

分析：本句中suggests后為賓語從句,從句中還存在either...or...引導的并列句。

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譯文:手勢含義的模糊性表明，要么黑猩猩很少溝通,要么我們仍舊缺少它們手勢和動作

中包含的大量信息。

Passage4（2017江蘇,D）

OldProblem,NewApproaches

Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwill

continueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（排放）peak.Soevenifemissionswere

tobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimate

change.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimate

adaptation.

Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechange

isaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,but

toaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUS

NationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:"Thereisno'one-$izefitsall'adaptation.

Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcai'rylittleriskorcost.

Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsome

poorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.

MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profit

organizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,and

healthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicating

facilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivitytoreplacefloodedroads

andhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshow

peoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthe

welseason.

ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphel

livesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Theloss

ofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreatto

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agriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhen

itcandamagecrops.Norphelsinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwaterover

winter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasins

whereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectly

timedirrigation澆灌)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphel

calculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000mofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuing

process,soNorphelsicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertake

them.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,be

abletofindothermeanscfadapting.

IncreasingEarthsreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthe

suddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthe

warmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeis

heatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexample

shouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,cities

mayslowdownthewarmingprocess.

InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallen

victimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentirenountainpeakwhiteinthe

hopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcome

isstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslist

of"100ideastosavetheplanet”.

Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.Afriendofmine

ownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeen

toowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhim

toplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglike

this-eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.This

iscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepolluting

industriesarguethatwevelostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhave

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nochoicebuttoadapt,itsanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessas

usual.

Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinary

andastonishingways.But:hemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadapt

ourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthat

way,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.

1.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.

A.adaptationisanever-changingprocess

B.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime

C.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationforms

I),adaptationtoclimatechangeischailenging

2.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwansproject?

A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.

B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.

C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.

D.Theprojectconnectsflcodedroadsandhighways.

3.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?

A.Storingiceforfutureuse.

B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.

C.Changingtheirrigationtime.

D.Postponingthemeltingcftheglaciers.

4.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?

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A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.

B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.

C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.

D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould.

A.adapttocarbonpolluticn

B.planthighlyprofitablecrops

C.leavecarbonemissionalone

D.fightagainstcarbonpollution

6.Whatstheauthorspreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?

A.Settingupanewstandard.

B.Reducingcarbonemission.

C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.

D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文為爭論文,題材為環境問題類。話題為“老問題,新方法”一一適應我們所

面臨的嚴峻的氣候環境，而且要意識到環境的變更和適應環境是一個過程。

1.A揣測詞義題。依據其次段主題句Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportantto

understandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.可知氣候的變更是一個不斷變更的過程。

再結合后面兒段給出的事例可知,適應也是一個不妍變更的過程，由此可推斷出畫線部分意

為adaptationisanever-changingprocess,故答案為A項。

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2.C推理推斷題。依據第三段第三句MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssaw,

onlydisaster.及后面的描述可知他的非營利組織在充分利用噌糕的環境,故正確答案為C

項。本題產擾項為D項，由第三段第五句Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivityto

replacefloodedroadsandhighways.可知D項錯誤。

3.A細微環節理解題。依據第四段第六句Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallow

basinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.可知A項正確。

4.D推理推斷題。依據第六段首句InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwitha

glacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingthe

entiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestore

thelife-givingice.可推斷出答案為D。

5.D推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段中的Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatweve

lostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,its

anonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.可推知D項為正確答案。

6.B推理推斷題。依據最終一段其次句Butthemostsensiblefoi'mofadaptationis

surelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.可知最明智的適

應應當是變更我們的能量體系以削減碳排放污染,故B項正確。

Passage5（2017江蘇,B）

Red-backedfairywrens蝴鶉），which1ivcinnorthernandeasternAustralia,lay

threeorfoureggsatatime.

Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.

Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother*svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.But

Whenitcomestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruleIheroosl.Asrecently

reportedinTheAuk:OmithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoung

14

tosingevenbeforetheyhatch（孵化）.New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmonfs

callwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.

Thiseducationalmethcdwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,a

biologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.Female

Australiansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragain

whilehatchingtheireggs.Vhentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilar

chirptotheirmothers-asoundthatservedastheirregularufeedme!”call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearchers

soughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firstthey

collectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafter

hatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberof

notes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,

rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechii'pingliketheir

moms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilar

werethebabies'beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamseiupaseparateexperiment

thatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmonfsvoicewere

rewardedwiththemostfocd.

Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignal

neurological（神經系統的）strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionary

inferencecanthenbedrawn."Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,or

doyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”Kleindorferasks."Ourresultssuggest

thattheymightbegoingforquality.M

1.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means"”.

A.betheworstB.bethebest

C.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood

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2.WhatareKleindorfersfindingsbasedon?

A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.

B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.

C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland'slocals.

D.Controlledexperimentscnwrensandotherbirds.

3.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich.

A.canreceivequalitysignals

B.areinneedoftraining

C.fittheenvironmentbetter

D.maketheloudestcal1

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是?篇科普類說明文。我們都知道母親在懷孕期間對小寶寶進行胎教，但

是你知道鳥類也會給自己還未孵化出的小寶寶進行胎教嗎？請看澳大利亞生物學家的探討成

果吧。

1.B揣測詞義題。依據畫線部分后面的描述:一些鳥類在小鳥孵化出來前就起先教它們唱歌

了，小鳥孵化出來后幾天就能仿照自己母親的叫聲。由此推斷出小鳥在這方面做得最棒,所以

答案為B項。

2.A推理推斷題。依據第三段中的最終?句話可知，他們把雛鳥的叫聲和母親的叫聲進行對

比，依據相像度進行排名，由此可知他們的發覺是以母親和雛鳥叫聲的相像度為依據的，所以

答案為A項。

3.C推理推斷題。依據最終一段可知答案為C項。

高考熱詞distinguish區分；辨別；分清imitateh.仿照widespreadadj.分布廣

的;普遍的;廣泛的identify此確認;認出；鑒定

16

長難句

原句：Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthe

babybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom（svoicewererewardedwiththemost

food.

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