本科生畢業設計（論文）題目：姚橋煤礦3.0Mt/a新井設計煤層瓦斯抽放技術摘要本設計包括三個部分：一般部分、專題部分和翻譯部分。一般部分為姚橋礦7號煤3.0Mt/a新井設計，共分10章：1.礦區概述及井田地質特征；2.井田境界和儲量；3.礦井工作制度、設計生產能力及服務年限；4.井田開拓；5.準備方式-采區巷道布置；6.采煤方法；7.井下運輸；8.礦井提升；9.礦井通風與安全；10.設計礦井基本技術經濟指標。姚橋煤礦座落在江蘇省沛縣和山東省微山縣境內，昭陽湖西畔，交通便利。井田東西走向長度平均10.69km，南北傾斜長度平均4.11km，井田有煤區水平面積39.74km2。井田內可采煤層一層，即7號煤層，平均傾角8.83°，煤層平均厚6.63m，井田工業儲量為371.21Mt，可采儲量264.65Mt，礦井服務年限為63.01a。煤質牌號為優質氣煤。本礦井為低瓦斯礦井，瓦斯絕對涌出量為0.0384m3/min。本礦井煤層易自燃，具有自然發火傾向性，自燃發火期小于3個月。本礦井正常涌水量為508m3/h，最大涌水量為607m3/h。礦井采用雙立井單水平開拓，前期采用中央分列式通風，后期在井田東西兩翼各設立一邊界風井，形成對角式通風。由于礦井地質條件簡單，且為緩傾斜煤層，為了便于隨采隨灌漿，所以整個礦井采用采區式布置，系統簡單可靠，便于管理。設計礦井采用一井一面達產，采煤方法為綜采放頂煤采煤法。煤炭運輸采用膠帶輸送機運輸，輔助運輸采用防爆柴油機齒軌卡軌車牽引固定廂式礦車運輸。礦井年工作日為330d，每天凈提升時間16h。礦井工作制度為：實行“四六”制。專題部分題目是煤層瓦斯抽放技術。翻譯部分是一篇關于綜采工作面頂板突水的分析與控制，英文原文題目為：Analysisandcontrolonanomalywaterinrushinroofoffully-mechanizedminingfield關鍵詞：新井設計；立井；單水平開拓；綜采放頂煤；通風；

ABSTRACTThedesignincludesthreeparts:thegeneralpart,thethematicpartandtranslationpart.Thegeneraldesignisabouta3.0Mt/anewundergroundminedesignofYaoqiaocoalmine.Itcontainstenchapters:1.overviewandthegeographicalfeaturesoftheminingfield;2.boundaryandreservesoftheminingfield;3.workingsystem,designedminecapacityandminelife;4.developmentofminingfield;5.preparationinRoadwaylayout;6.miningmethod;7.undergroundconveying;8.mineexaltation;9.mineventilationandsafety;10.thebasictechnicalandeconomicindexofmine.YaoqiaomineislocatedinPeiCounty,JiangsuProvince,andWeishanCounty,ShandongProvince,anditliesinthewestofZhaoyangLake.Thetrafficisveryconvenient.Minefieldeast-westdirectionlengthis10.69kmaverageandnorth-southtiltoftheaveragelengthof4.11km.Theminefieldcoaldistrictlevelarea39.74km2.Theminablecoalseamofthismineisonly7withanaveragethicknessof6.63mandanaveragedipof8.83°,field371.21Mtforindustrialreserves,recoverablereserves264.65Mt,themineforaservicelife63.01a.Coalgradesforthequalityofgascoal.Themineisthelowgasmine,thegasabsolutelyemission0.0384m3/min.Thisminecoalseamspontaneouscombustionhasanaturalignitionpropensitytospontaneouscombustionperiodislessthanthreemonths.Normalinflowofthemineis508m3/h,thelargestinflowofthemineis607m3/h.Mineadoubleverticalshaftsingleleveldevelopment,pre-centralbreakdownofventilation,thelateminefieldeastandwestwingsoftheestablishmentofaboundaryairshafttoformadiagonalventilation.Astheminegeologicalconditions,andtilttheseamforease,inordertofacilitatewiththeminingwiththegrouting,sotheentirelayoutofthemineminingarea,thesystemissimple,reliable,easytomanage.Designofmineisawellsideoftheproduction,miningmethodforfullymechanizedcoalcavingminingmethod.Coaltransportationbybeltconveyortransport,auxiliarytransportcograilvehiclesintheexplosion-proofdieseltractionfixedvantramcartransport.Wework330daysperyear,andexaltate16hoursoneday.The“four–six”workingsystemisappliedforcoalmining.Thethematicpartofthetopicofthecoalseamgasdrainagetechnology.Thetranslationpartisabouttheanalysisandcontrolonanomalywaterinrushinroofoffully-mechanizedminingfield,theoriginalEnglishtextentitled:Analysisandcontrolonanomalywaterinrushinroofoffully-mechanizedminingfieldKeywords：Newdesignofmine;Shaft;Single-leveldevelopment;ComprehensiveCaving;Ventilation第頁英文原文Analysisandcontrolonanomalywaterinrushinroofoffully-mechanizedminingfieldPengLinjuna,b,c,YangXiaojiea,c,SunXiaominga,caSchoolofMechanicsandCivilEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Beijing100083,ChinabAcademicianPioneeringPark,DalianUniversity,Dalian116622,ChinacStateKeyLaboratoryofGeomechanicsandDeepUndergroundEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Beijing100083,ChinaAbstract:Cavingofmineroofsfromwaterinrushduetoanomalouspressureisoneofthemajordisastersandaccidentsthatcanoccurinminesduringproduction.Roofwaterinrushcantriggerawiderangeofroofcollapse,causingmajoraccidentsfrombreakingroofsupportswhilecaving.Thesefailuresfloodwellsanddoagreatdealofdamagetominesandendangerminesafety.Ourobjectiveistoanalyzetheanomaliesofwaterinrushcrushingthesupportatthe#6301workingfaceintheJisanCoalMineoftheYanzhouMiningGroup.Throughinformationofwaterinrushtotheroof,damagecausedbytectonicmovements,informationonthedamagecausedbyroofcollapseandthetheoryaboutthedistributionofpressureinmineabutments,weadviceadjustingthelengthoftheworkingfaceandthepositionofopen-offcutrelativelytotherichwaterarea.Inthecaseofanomalousroofpressureweshoulddevelopastateequationtoestimatepreventivemeasureswith“transferringrockbeam”theory.Simultaneously,weimprovethecapacityofdrainageequipmentandensuredadequatewaterretentionatthestorehouse.Theseareallmajortechnologiestoensurethecontrolandpreventionagainstaccidentscausedbyanomalouswaterinrushinroofs,thusensuringsafetyintheproductionprocessofacoalmine.Keywords:Roof;Waterinrushpressure;Anomaly;Analysis;Control;abstract;Caving1.IntroductionBothdomesticandforeigninvestigatorspayconsiderableattentiontocoalminepressureanomaliesandobtainedvariousresults.However,becauseofthecomplexityofanomalouspressure,aswellasthemutabilityofsurroundingrockconditionscausedbycaving,anumberofdifficultiesareencounteredinbuildinganexactandsystematicmathematicalmechanicalmodel.Furthermore,becausegeologicalconditionsdifferconsiderablyinvariouspartsofacoalfieldandtherealityisverycomplex,wemustthereforeadoptanumberofdifferentmeasuresandmethodstopredictandmonitorgeologicalconditions,giventhatmanymethodshavetheirownlimitations.Theprocessofcalculationforthesupportofthesurroundingrocksummarizesthismechanism,thusperfectingthemethodofforecastingandmonitoring,formingafeasibleandefficientsystemforsafetyinproduction,ensuringsecurityandefficiencyatcoalminingfaces.Coalminepressureanomalies,showingupinfully-mechanizedcavingfields,asdynamicphenomenainterferingwithsafeproductionincoalmines,refertoanomalousrockpressureoccurringunderspecialconditions.Whenthemechanicalbalanceisbrokeninacoal(rock)bodyaroundacoalminingfield,itusuallyshowsupasdamagetothesupportsystem,asacrushedorsinkingrooflevelorasseverespalling,beforetheoccurrenceofriskyleaksandultimatelycoalandgasoutbursts.Whenrockpressureappearsasanomalies,itoftenresultsindamagetoequipment,significantlossofcoalresourcesandformingsimultaneouslysignificantsecurityrisks,whichincoalminesmayleadtodevastatingconsequences.Inrecentyears,alargenumberofminepressureanomaliesoccurredinfully-mechanizedcavingminesinChina’sYanzhouandXuzhouminingareas,causingconsiderableeconomiclossestocoalcompanies.Therefore,furthersystematicstudyofthestructureandmovementoftheoverlyingrockinfully-mechanizedcavingmines,mayrevealthebehaviorofminepressureanomalies,discovertheconditionsunderwhichtheseanomaliesoccur,findmethodstoforecastandpreventthem,inordertoachievesafetyandefficientproduction.2.CoalseamconditionsandstructureofoverlyingrockTheJisanCoalMineislocatedinasuburbofJiningcity,wheretheminingareaisabout110km2.Geologicalreservesof880milliontons,industrialreservesof800milliontons,andrecoverablereservesof530milliontonshavebeenconfirmed.The#3coallayerhas400milliontonsofcoal,accountingfor75.5%ofrecoverablereserves.ThesecoalstrataarepartofthePermianShanxiFormationandtheCarboniferousTaiyuan,witheightlayersoflocallyaccessiblecoalandanaveragethicknessof10.44m.Themajorrecoverablecoalisfoundinthe3up,3downlayerwithanaveragethicknessof6.21m.Thegeologicalconditionoftheminingareaisasimplemiddlestructure.Themainnorthesouthnormalfaultisapparentlyregular,withmostoftheeastrisingandthewestfalling.Also,therearefaultsshowingthedevelopmentofeastewestwiththeeastandsoutheastdippinggently,generallyatslopeslessthan5°,andgentlechangesintheirwrinklytrend.Deeperdipstowardthewestandsouthwesthaveslopesbetween5°and9°.Themineisexpectedtodischarge516m3/hofcoalwater.Thekeylayer,affectinganomaliesinwaterinrushfromtheroofintheworkingfaces,isthefollowinglayerofthesecondrockbeam,i.e.M5siltstone,6.5mthick,andadetailedroofrockstructureisshowninTable1.Table1.Profileofcaveminingfaceofastoperoof.No.LithologyThicknessoflayer(m)Depth（m）RoofstructureThickness（m）StepC0C。。。。11.20639。。。4.20。。3.80M5。。。。6.50FollowinglayerThesecondrockbeam16.56020M4。。10.00Supportlayer。。。。M3。。。。9.00FollowinglayerThefirstrockbeam28.08227。。。。M2。。19.00SupportlayerContinuedTable1。。。。。。M17.00Immediateroof7.0M7.066853.AnalysisofroofwaterinrushpressurecausinganomalouscrushingsupportsThemainreasonsforthefivewaterinrushaccidentswhichfloodedthe#6301workingfaceofJisanaretwofold:1)theoverlyingstratumcontainswater;accordingtodrillingdatafromthesurfaceandaudio-frequencyelectricalpenetrationatthisworkingface,therearefourwater-richareasabovetheface,locatedatbothendsandthemiddle.Moreover,water-richJurassicstrataarefoundat193mabovetheroofof3downcoalseam.2)Largeareaofmainroofcaving,breaklinesextendingtooverlyingaquifers,aswellasfaultsintheworkingface;withtheinitialfaceexposed,waterisshowingupalongthefaultplane;withworkingfaceadvancing,theexposedfaultlengthalsoincreases,resultinginacontinuouslyincreasingwaterinrush.Therefore,thebreaklinescommunicatefaultstothewater-richfaultzonesasshowninFig.1.Fig.1#6301workingfacefloodingaccident.3.1.Reasonsofroofwaterinrushanomaliescrushingsupport1)Thesupportforceresistingpressureisinsufficientagainstroofconvergence(supportisworkingunderagivendeformationstatus).2)Pressureontheroofrockbeamsisexcessive;supportloadbearingcapacitycannotmeettheconditionstomainroofconvergence(tothegivendeformationstatus),i.e.,roofconvergenceexceedsthemaximumvalueofnominalyieldofsupport.3.2.Conditionsofoccurrenceofroofwaterinrushanomaliescrushingsupports1)Withprogressivefaceadvance,theoverlyingrocklayerisincommunicationwiththewater-richsandstonelayerwhichcausesincreaseinthethicknessofsimultaneouslymovingmainroof,decreaseinmainroofspanlength,andincreaseinroofpressure;2)Thedepthofroofbreaklinesfromthefrontwallincreases,causingdecreaseinthethicknessofimmediateroof;3)Theimmediateroofisthinwhichincreasestheroofefloorconvergence;4)Themainroofis,ingeneral,verythick,anditiseasytoformalargecantileverbeamspace,causinganimpactonthemainroofdynamicpressurewhenroofcaving.3.3.Structuralmodelofroofwaterinrushcausedbyanomalies1)Ina“givendeformation”condition,theroofconvergenceisdeterminedbythepositionofafree-fallingrockbeamcontactingthefloorinthegobshowninFig.2,i.e.,△hT=△hA。Where(1)（2)Fig.2Structuralmodelofawaterinrushaccidentofafully-mechanizedcavingmine.2)RelationshipbetweenroofwaterinrushandmovementofoverlyingrockstrataInacaseofagivenopen-offcutpositionandthelengthoftheworkingface,thebrokenrockstratamayreachtorockaquifer,especiallywater-richregion,withprogressivefaceadvance.Whentheaquiferisparalleltotheseam,asinFig.3,thepossibilityoffloodingandrelatedparametersofthemodelcanbedetermined.WhereListheadvancestepattheworkingface;Lolengthofworkingface;LBwater-richareainrockstratumofwateropen-offcutlocation;Lhcenterofbreakingrocks(breakingarch)cutfromthebottomposition;hheightofbrokenrockstratum;Hheightofwaterinrockstratum;andBwidthofwater-richzone.Fig.3Forecastinggraphofpossiblepermeability.3.4.Supportconditionsin#6301workingfaceandtheactualeffectsofroofcontrolduringfloodAccordingtotheanalysisofthefirstroofwaterinrushaccident,thepressurecrushedthesupportofthe#6301workingface,whenitadvanced613m,increasedthevolumeofthewateratthefaceto50m3/h,floodingthecoalmineandthegobarea.Withtheworkingadvancing,abigbangabovethefacewasheard(thesoundofmainroofbreaking)andthevolumeofwateratthefaceincreasedto327m3/h,withamaximumvolumeof350m3/h.Thiscausedsomeofthetemporaryelectricalstationstobeinundatedandworkatthefacewasforcedtostop.Theroofsuddenlybrokeandsunk,thesupportsof#11-67werecrushedattheface.Whenwatersuddenlyfloodedtheworkingfaceandtheamountofwaterincreasedconsiderably,thecapacityofthepumpoftheintegrateddrainagesystemwasinsufficient,resultinginanamountofwater2mdeepattheface.Atthestart,largevolumesofwaterweredischargedintheroadway.Slurrywater,coalandotherdebrisfloodedintoairtightwall,closedtheoutlet,andappeareddangeroussituationduetohighwaterpressure.Peakdischargelastedfivedays,thewaterinflowcontinuedforsevendays,andtheentirewatergushingprocesslasted41days.Thepositionofwaterinflowisatthelocationofmainroofperiodiccaving.Inagivengeo-miningconditioninthiscase,structuralparametersarecalculatedbyusingstructuralmechanicmodelstoassessthesupportrequirementinthefollowing.Whentheminingdepthisabout700m,thecoalseamis7m,thelengthoftheworkingface200mandafter200madvance,thefrontdistanceofSMisabout20m.FromEq.(3),wehavethefollowingresults:Thebreakingdistancefromthefrontwalloffaceatthelowerrockbeamis:(3)Thelowerlimitofsupportcapacity:(4)Theupperlimitofsupportcapacity:(5)Thelowerlimitofsupportresistance:(6)Theupperlimitofsupportresistance:(7)Underconditionsofroofwaterinrushwhentheworkingfaceisstop,thelargestroofconvergence(hd=0)(8)ThecurrentsupportworkingresistanceisRT=6200kN,maximumconvergenceis3max?1000mm.Obviously,thesupportresistance(RT=6200kN)islessthanthe“givendeformation”ofthemaximumresistanceforce(RT=9975kN)required.Asaresult,thesupportsystemwillworkinastateof“givendeformation”.Ifthereisnofloorcoalleft(hd=0)ornomeasuresaretakentospeedupthefaceadvance,collapseofthefacesupportswilloccurandresultinmoreseriousfloodinghazard.Iftheadvanceoffaceisfast,i.e.,letS0?0,theconvergenceoffaceiscontrolledintherangeof△hA=0.8M,collapseofthefacesupportscanbeavoidedaslongasthecuttingheightisadequate.4.ConclusionsTheanomalouspressureintheworkingfaceandwaterinrushccurred,causedbygeologicalfactorsfirst,theoverburdenaquifersthemainfactor.Strengtheningofforecasttechnologyandaccurateredictionofthe“twozone”developedheightisneeded.ccordingtoadetailedhydro-geologicalreport,adegreeofommunicationbetweenaworkingfaceandtheamountofwaternrocklayersneedstobedetermined.Wecandrawthefollowingonclusions:1)Beforemainroofperiodiccavingoccurs,beginusingnotopcoalavingadvancemethod,untilthemainroofcavinginordertoakesurethatthemainroofhasenoughcushionstoreducetheheightoftheultimateconvergence.2)Beforemainroofcaving,ensurethelargestcuttingheight.Supportmustbemaintainedaslongaspossibleatahighlevelcollapseofthefacesupportsinordertomaintainthemaximumlegconvergencetoreducethepossibilityofsupportclosure.3)Inacaseofgivenlengthoftheface,thescopeoftheoverlyingstrata,includingthethicknessofboththeimmediateandthemainroofaswellastheheightofthepermeablefracturezone.Thespanofmainfallandperiodiccavinglocationmayfallintothefracturedzoneoftheaquiferundertheactionofgravity.4)Informationonthedistributionoftheabutmentpressurefocusedonthewidthcausedby“internalstressfield”aroundthewallsoftheworkingface.5)Reasonableselectionandtransformationofsupport.Inordertopreventthecollapseofsupportsduetoroofcaving,wecanselectpropersupportandincreasethecaliberofsafetyvalvestoadjusttherapidyieldvalverequirementforsafeworkingofthesupport.Inshort,scientificmanagement,overallarrangements,organizinghighlyefficientproductionandacceleratingthespeedoffaceadvancearerequired.Rockstratafailureandmovementneedsatimeperiod,wecanacceleratefaceadvancewherepressureanomaliesmayappear,thentherooffallsmayoccurinthegobtoavoidoccurrenceofpressureanomalies.

中文譯文綜采工作面頂板突水的分析與控制彭林俊a,b,c楊曉杰a,c孫曉明a,ca中國礦業大學（北京）力建學院，中國北京100083；b大連理工大學學者創業園，中國大連116622；c中國礦業大學（北京）巖土力學地下工程國家重點實驗室，中國北京100083；摘要：壓力異常造成的頂板突水是煤礦生產個過程當中造成災害的主要因素之一。頂板突水會引起大面積的頂板垮落，在頂板破碎支撐開采中會造成嚴重的災害。突出的水會造成淹井事故并對礦井安全造成危害。本篇旨在分析兗州煤業集團濟寧三號礦6301工作面的異常突水對支護的影響。通過對地質運動造成的頂板突水以及根據礦業理論頂板垮落的危害的信息分析，我們建議參考富水區調整工作面長度和開切眼的位置。若遇到頂板壓力異常的情況，我們應該根據“砌體梁理論”建立。同時改善排水系統的排水能力并保證水倉有適當的存留量。通過這些，我們就能對頂板水突出做好防治的工作，進而確保煤礦的安全生產。關鍵詞：頂板；突水壓力；異常；分析；控制1.引言國內外有諸多學者對礦壓做了大量研究并得出了豐碩的成果。但是，礦壓的的不規律性和由開采引起的圍巖條件的多變性使得建立一個系統、科學、準確的力學模型變的非常困難。此外，現實中一塊煤田的不同區域的地質條件也不盡相同，非常復雜。同時考慮到各種研究方法的局限性，所以我們必須用很多種不同的方法去預測和檢測地質條件。對圍巖支護數據的計算分析，完善了預測和檢測方法，從而形成了一個能確保工作面安全，高效生產的合理的檢測、預測系統。綜采放頂煤工作面的礦壓顯現一般是在壓力異常的情況下發生的，以動態的形式影響工作面正常、安全生產。圍巖的力學平衡被破壞，從而導致支護系統失穩，頂板破碎坍塌，最終引發煤與瓦斯突出。礦壓顯現的不規律不僅破壞工作面設備，造成煤炭資源的損失，而且會威脅到人的生命安全，甚至有可能引發一場災難。近些年，在兗州和徐州礦區的很多礦井出現沖擊礦壓，給煤礦企業造成了很大的經濟損失。因此，對綜采工作面圍巖結構和運動的近一步研究，可以揭示礦壓顯現的規律性，從而找到在采煤過程中預防或防止沖擊礦壓的發生的方法，以達到安全高效生產的目的。2.煤層地質條件以及上覆巖層結構在位于濟寧市郊區濟三煤礦，礦區面積約110平方公里，地質儲量為8.8億噸，工業儲量8.00億噸，可采儲量5.3億噸。3號煤層儲量4億噸，占整個礦井可采儲量的75.5%。這些煤層是二疊系山西組和石炭系太原組的一部分，共有八層煤，平均厚度為10.44米。主要可收回煤炭是3上，3下層，平均厚度為6.21米。礦區中央是一條南北走向的大斷層，造成東面地勢上升，西面地勢下降。另外還有一些東西走向的小斷層。在煤田的東面和東南方向是比較平緩的，大部分煤層傾角小于5°，在有褶皺的地方角度有比較平緩的變化。較深的向斜結構向西和西南方向延伸，角度在5°到9°之間。礦井預計排水量516m3/h。關鍵層是地表以下第二巖梁，即M5的粉砂巖，厚6.5m。影響著工作面頂板的突水，詳細頂板巖石結構見表1。3.水引起的主要支護系統破壞分析濟三礦曾發生5次水淹6301工作面的事故，其主要原因分為兩方面：（1）在上部巖層中有含水層；據鉆井和工作面音頻探測，發現地表有四個水積聚區，分別在煤層所對應地表的兩端和中間。此外，在3下煤層頂板的上方193m處發現有含水豐富的侏羅紀地層。表1工作面垮落巖層概況序號巖性巖層厚度（m）深度（m）頂板結構最大厚度（m）StepC0C。。。。11.20639。。。4.20。。3.80M5。。。。6.50底板第二關鍵層16.56020M4。。10.00頂板。。。。M3。。。。9.00底板第一關鍵層28.08227。。。。M2。。19.00頂板。。。。。。M17.00直接頂7.0M7.06685（2）大面積