培優練（五）科技發明2025高考英語大二輪考前培優練外刊閱讀熱點話題練eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培優練（五）科技發明30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解Someday，youmaynolongerneedtobrushyourteethbyhand.Instead,agroupofbillionsofnanoparticles(納米粒子)couldautomaticallydoallthatworkforyou.Itwouldbeespeciallylife－changingforpeoplewhofinditdifficultorimpossibletoholdandmoveatoothbrush.Steager,anengineerattheUniversityofPennsylvania(Penn)inPhiladelphiaandHyunKoo,aninventoranddentalresearcherthere,foundawaytoformthenanoparticlesintolong,skinnybristles(刷毛),alotliketheonesonatoothbrush.Butthesebristlesshape－shifttofitwhateversurfacetheyencounter.Thetooth－cleaningrobotworksthankstotwomagnets(磁鐵).Onegoeseachsideoftheteeth.Thenanoparticlessitinaliquidbetweenthemagnets.Whenthemagnetsareturnedoff,thenanoparticlesmoverandomlyintheliquid.Assoonasonemagnetgetsturnedon,thenanoparticlesgathertogethernearitscenter.Whentheresearchersturnontheothermagnetandturnoffthefirstone,thenanoparticlesextendoutwardinlong,skinnybristles.Whenthere’satoothintheway,thesebristlescan’tstretchoutasfarastheywant.Sotheypushagainstthetooth’ssurface.Ifthere’sagapbetweenteeth,theypushintothegap.Movingthemagnetsmakesthebristlesmoveagainstandbetweenteeth.Allthatmotioncleanstheteeth.Asabonus,thenanoparticlesalsohavestrongpowertokillviruses.Thenewdeviceisjustaproofofconcept.Theresearchersstillneedtoturnitintoaproductthatpeoplewillwanttouse.“There’salotofengineeringtogetfromheretothere,buteverygoodideaneedstohaveastart，”saidSteager.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要講述了美國賓夕法尼亞大學的研究人員研發出了一款納米潔牙機器人。1.Whatisspecialaboutthetoothcleaner?A.It’swater－proof.B.It’stransformable.C.Itlookslikeatoothbrush.D.Itcontainsskinnybristles.答案B[細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Butthesebristlesshape－shifttofitwhateversurfacetheyencounter”可知，盡管這些刷毛和普通牙刷的無異，但這些刷毛可以改變形狀來適應它們碰到的任何表面，這是其特殊之處，故B項正確。water－proof“防水的”；transformable“可變形的；可轉化的”。]2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theworkingprinciple.B.Themagnets’motion.C.Thevirus－killingprocess.D.Thebristles’formation.答案A[段落大意題。本段第一句“Thetooth－cleaningrobotworksthankstotwomagnets(磁鐵)”講到了潔牙機器人是靠磁鐵運轉的，而下文中羅列的3個when引導的時間狀語從句，if引導的條件狀語從句和assoonas引導的時間狀語從句則講到了潔牙機器人在具體情況下的工作原理，因此，本段主要講了潔牙機器人的工作原理。]3.HowdoesSteagerfeelaboutthefutureofthedevice?A.Uncertain. B.Confident.C.Concerned. D.Surprised.答案B[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Steager所說的話“buteverygoodideaneedstohaveastart”可知，凡事皆有開端。據此可以推斷，Steager對潔牙機器人的前景很有信心。]4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?A.ATooth－CleanerFightingBacteriaB.ABreakthroughinMedicineC.AShape－ShiftingRoboticTooth－CleanerD.ANewConceptforaNewStart答案C[標題歸納題。本文的體裁是科技說明文，這類文章的主旨大意一般為發明的主體。根據第一段中的“agroupofbillionsofnanoparticles(納米粒子)couldautomaticallydoallthatworkforyou”，以及第二段中的“thesebristlesshape－shifttofitwhateversurface”可知，本文主要介紹了一款可以變形的納米潔牙機器人，故C項適合作本文的標題。]InastudyinthejournalScience，researchersatNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisreportedthattheyhaddevelopedaneffectiveandinexpensivemethodforbreakingdownchemicalscalledper－andpolyfluoroalkylsubstances(PFAS).PFAS,firstcreatedinthe1930s,arechemicalcompounds(化合物).Theyareusedtomakeawiderangeofeverydayproducts,includingnonstickpans，carpeting,electronics,andfast－foodwrappers.Oncethechemicalsareintheenvironment,theyarealmostimpossibletoeliminatebecausetheyaredesignedtoavoidbreakingdown.Researchershavelinkedregularlevelsofexposuretothesechemicalswithseveralhealthproblems,includingliverdamage,anincreasedriskofcancer,andreducedimmunity.ScientistshadpreviouslyfiguredouthowtoremovePFASfrompollutedwaterorsoilbuttherewasnosafeandeffectivewaytodestroythemoncetheywereremoved.ThestudyreportedthatwhentheteamboiledPFASmolecules(分子)withtwocommonsubstances,thePFASquicklybrokedownandbecameharmless.In2020,WilliamDichtel,achemistandprofessoratNorthwestern,readastudyinwhichchemistsattheUniversityofAlberta,inCanada,foundaneasywaytobreakdownchainsofmolecules.Heaskedagraduatestudent,BrittanyTrang,totrythemethodonPFASmolecules.TranghadspentmonthsinthelabunsuccessfullyattemptingtopullapartPFAS,andatfirstshethoughtDichtel’sideawastoosimpletowork.Butshetriedit,boilingPFASwithacommonsolvent(溶劑)calleddimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).TrangwasshockedwhentheprocessdestroyedthePFAS.ShelatermixedDMSOwithachemicalcalledsodiumhydroxideandbrokedownPFASevenmorequickly.ThescientistswillworkonwaystodestroyPFASoutsidethelabsolargeamountsofforeverchemicalscanbebrokendownatonce.“It’sahugechallenge,butit’sinourgrasp，”DichteltoldTheNewYorkTimes.ScientistsarealsocallingforadecreaseintheamountofPFASbeingreleasedintothenaturalworld.InJune,theUSgovernmentannouncednewplanstomonitorPFAS，decreasetheamountofPFASreleasedintotheenvironment,andaddresstheeffectsofPFASonhumanhealth.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。伊利諾伊州西北大學的研究人員說他們已經開發出一種有效且廉價的方法來分解被稱為PFAS的化學物質。本文重點介紹了這種降解方法。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Identify. B.Destroy.C.Appear. D.Release.答案B[詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的句子“becausetheyaredesignedtoavoidbreakingdown”可知，這是因為它們的設計是為了避免分解，據此可知，一旦這些化學物質進入環境，它們幾乎不可能被消除。所以畫線詞的意思是“消除”，與destroy意思相近。]6.HowdidWilliamDichtelfindthewaytobreakdownchainsofmolecules?A.Hegotinformationfromastudyofothers.B.Heconductedtheexperimentsonhisown.C.Hisgraduatestudent,BrittanyTrang,toldhim.D.ChemistsattheUniversityofAlbertatoldhim.答案A[細節理解題。根據第四段中的“In2020...chainsofmolecules”可知，化學家兼教授WilliamDichtel閱讀了一項研究，加拿大一所大學的化學家在該研究中發現了一種分解分子鏈的簡單方法。據此可知，WilliamDichtel是從別人的研究中得到了信息以此找到分解分子鏈的方法的。]7.WhatcanwelearnaboutBrittanyTrang’sexperiment?A.ShetriedthemethodfromDichtelbutdidn’tsucceedatfirst.B.ShepulledapartPFASwithherownideaatherfirstattempt.C.ShedevelopedamoreeffectivemethodtobreakdownPFAS.D.ShethoughtDichtel’sideawastoosimple,soshedidn’ttryit.答案C[細節理解題。根據第五段中的“Butshetriedit...evenmorequickly”可知，她嘗試用一種叫DMSO的普通溶劑煮沸PFAS，這種方法可以降解PFAS；此后她將DMSO與一種叫氫氧化鈉的化學物質混合，更快地分解PFAS。據此可知，BrittanyTrang發現了一種更有效的方法來分解PFAS。]8.Whatdoscientistsadvocatethepublicdoing?A.AddressingtheeffectsofPFASonhumanhealthandenvironment.B.ReducingtheamountofPFASbeingreleasedintotheenvironment.C.FindingmoreeffectivewaystodestroyPFASinandoutsidethelab.D.StoppingtheuseofPFASineverydaylifetoavoidhealthproblems.答案B[細節理解題。根據尾段中的“Scientistsarealsocalling...thenaturalworld”可知，科學家倡導公眾減少釋放到環境中的PFAS的數量。]Ⅱ.七選五Everyoneneedsfriendshiptosurvive.Howdowestrengthentheexistingfriendshipsinourlives?Heresomeexpertsofferthefollowingtips.Showyouraffectiontoyourfriends.Weoftenthinkofaffectionasasortofloveinromanticrelationships.__1__.It’saboutcommunicatingloveandappreciation.Therearemanywaysyoucanshowlovetoyourfriends.Tellthemhowmuchtheymeantoyou.__2__.Thesesimpleactsshowyougenuinelycareforthemandletthemknowit’ssafetoinvestinyourfriendship.Begeneroustoyourfriends.Thinkaboutwhatyourskillsandtalentsareandfindawaytoturnthemintoagenerousact.Sharingyourtime,attentionorresourceswiththemisaneasywaytodevelopyourfriendships.Peoplewanttostaywithfriendswhovaluethem,andgenerosityisawaytoexpressthat.Youcanshareactsofgenerositywithyourfriends.Ifyou’regreatwithkids,youmightoffertobabysitforyourfriendswhoareparents.__3__.__4__.Thinkabouthowgooditfeelstotellafriendyousecretlylikeatrashy(無聊的)TVshowandhearthemrespond“Metoo！”Wefeeladeeperconnectiontoourfriendswhenourvulnerability(脆弱)ismetwithsupport.Itmeanstheyacceptusforwhowereallyare,thegoodandthebad.Sodon’tbeafraidtoshareyourstruggleswithyourfriends.Itmaybringyoucloser.Faceconflictbravely.__5__.Butbeingabletodealwithconflictwithfriendsinahealthy,constructivewaycanstrengthenyourfriendships.Itmightbepainfulatfirst,butitshowsyouwanttomakeyourrelationshipbetter.A.ShareyourstrugglesandjoysB.It’shardtodealwithconflictinfriendshipsC.RemindthemyouaregratefultoknowthemD.Butit’smorethanholdinghandsandkissingE.Itismorelikelytobuilddeep,long－lastingfriendshipsF.StartbytellingyourfriendshowmuchyouvaluethemG.Ifyougetaraiseatwork，treatyourfriendstoafancydinner【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。友誼對每一個人來說都至關重要。本文提供了一些維系友誼并使之煥發生機與活力的良方。1.D[空前一句提到了人們對“友情”的通常看法——它是浪漫關系中的一種愛。而空后一句提到了新的看法——它有關愛和感激的傳達。根據“瞻前顧后”的原則，D項“但它不僅僅是牽手和親吻”符合此處的語境，且起到承前啟后的作用。]2.C[根據空前一句“Tellthemhowmuchtheymeantoyou.”和空后一句中的Thesesimpleacts可知，空處應屬于Thesesimpleacts中的一種。分析選項可知，C項“提醒他們你很感激認識他們”符合語境。]3.G[本段圍繞著generosity展開。G項“如果你在工作中加薪了，請朋友吃頓大餐吧”與空前的“Ifyou’regreatwithkids,youmightoffertobabysitforyourfriendswhoareparents.”都是慷慨之舉。]4.A[分析文章結構及空處所在的位置可知，空處應是本段的小標題。根據其他小標題的句式特點，可確定答案在A項和F項中。根據本段中“Sodon’tbeafraidtoshareyourstruggleswithyourfriends.”可知，本段內容主要與“分享”有關。]5.B[根據小標題及空后的內容可知，本段主要講述的是“處理沖突”。由空后一句中的But可知，空處應講的是處理沖突時存在的問題，并與空后一句是轉折關系。B項中的dealwithconflict和friendships與空后一句中的dealwithconflictwithfriends相呼應。]Ⅲ.語法填空DuringthesummerholidayIhadthechancetovisitPingtangCounty,GuizhouProvinceinsouthwestChina.It’s1.____________experienceIwillneverforget.TravelingtoGuizhoubyhigh－speedrailfromBeijing,I2.____________(astonish)attherapidchangeinsceneryfromskyscraperstobeautifultree－filledmountains3.____________(rest)underaclearbluesky.Uponarrival,IvisitedthePingtangInternationalExperiencePlanetarium,whichdisplaysChina’s4.____________(remark)achievementsinscienceandspacetechnology.TheFive－hundred－meterApertureSphericalradioTelescope(FAST)thereisthelargestoneofitskindintheworld.TovisitFAST,visitorsarenotpermitted5.____________(bring)anyelectronicdevicesduetosecuritymeasures.Sotheymustrecordthisonce－in－a－lifetimemomentwiththeirheartsandminds.6.____________(truthful),myfavoritepartofthetripwasmypersonalinteractionwiththelocalcommunity.Followingtheinstructions,Iworkedontwocommunityfarms,wenthikingandswam7._______________afreshcommunityriveralongsidefish.IwaseducatedontheregionalhistoryoftheMiaopeople8.____________cultureisrichinfashion,food,potteryandmusic.Afterthisadventure,my9.____________(appreciate)forChineseculturehassnowballed.WhileIamcontentwithlivingandworkinginBeijing,PingtangCountyinGuizhouhasopenedmyeyestotheendlesspositive10.____________(possibility)Chinahastooffer.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者自北京出發去貴州省平塘縣的旅行經歷，這次旅行令作者永生難忘。通過這次旅行，作者加深了對中國文化的了解。1.an[考查冠詞。此處表示這是一次難忘的經歷，故空處表示泛指，應用不定冠詞；又因experience的發音以元音音素開頭，故填an。]2.wasastonished[考查時態語態和主謂一致。此處描述的是過去的事情，應用一般過去時；astonish“使十分驚訝，使吃驚”，主語I與astonish是被動關系，故填wasastonished。句意：從北京乘高鐵到貴州，從摩天大樓到碧空下綠樹成蔭的美麗山巒，景色的迅速變化讓我驚訝不已。]3.resting[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處構成非謂語動詞短語作定語，修飾mountains。mountains與rest之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故應用現在分詞resting。]4.remarkable[考查詞性轉換。此處修飾空后的名詞achievements，故填形容詞remarkable。句意：抵達后，我參觀了平塘國際天文體驗館，這里展示了中國在科學和太空技術方面取得的巨大成就。]5.tobring[考查非謂語動詞。該句是“permitsbtodosth”的被動語態，故填tobring。句意：參觀FAST時根據安保措施的規定，游客請勿攜帶任何電子設備。]6.Truthfully[考查詞性轉換。該空位于句首，修飾其后的整個句子，應用副詞Truthfully，注意首字母大寫。句意：說實話，這次旅行中我最喜歡的部分是我與當地社區的個人互動。]7.in[考查介詞。根據后面的river可知，空處應填介詞in，表示在社區一條潔凈的河里和魚一起游泳，故填in。]8.whose[考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，且在從句中作culture的定語，先行詞為people，故填關系代詞whose。]9.appreciation[考查詞性轉換。根據空前的形容詞性物主代詞my可知，空處應填appreciate的名詞形式，故填appreciation。]10.possibilities[考查名詞的數。根據空前的形容詞endless可知，該空應填possibility的復數形式，故填possibilities。句意：雖然我滿足于在北京生活和工作，但貴州平塘縣讓我看到了中國提供的無限積極的可能性。]A篇Para.2：encounterv.偶然碰到；遭遇Para.3：gapn.開口；豁口；缺口motionn.運動；移動bonusn.意外收獲Para.4：proofn.檢驗；證實B篇Para.1：inexpensiveadj.便宜的breakdown(使)分解；出故障；失敗Para.2：exposuren.暴露，接觸；曝光awiderangeof各種各樣的bedesignedtodosth目的是做某事；為……而設計Para.3：substancen.物質，東西；主旨figureout算出；想出；弄明白Para.6：address常用義：n.地址文章義：v.處理，設法解決A篇譯文：Steager，費城賓夕法尼亞大學的一個工程師，和HyunKoo，那里的一個發明家和牙科研究員，找到了一種方法，可以把納米顆粒做成長而薄的刷毛，就像牙刷上的刷毛一樣。eq\a\vs4\al(考前培優練)一、外刊閱讀熱點話題練考情速遞：高考閱讀語篇材料幾乎都出自英美報刊，越是壓軸閱讀題，越是出自一些知名報刊(一般為其網站)。在高考備考過程中，進行外刊閱讀是大勢所趨。考題從外刊取材，而不是根據國內教材和國內英語報刊擬造，增加了閱讀材料的真實性和閱讀的難度。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培優練（一）環境保護30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解It’shardtoimagineasnowstorminTexascouldbecausedbytheArctic,right?They’rethousandsofmilesawayfromeachother!Butifwetakeacloserlook,scientistsaretheorizing(從理論上說明)thatrapidheatingoftheArcticcandrivecoldairfromtheNorthPolefurthersouth，andsurprisinglyenough,canendupwherewe’dleastexpect.Unfortunatelyanymeasureofextremeweatherleadstohighdemandinelectricity,whichcancauseenergyinfrastructure(基礎設施)toburnout.Likelyso,thispastweek,over4millionpeoplewere,andcurrentlyare,stuckinfreezingweatherconditionswithoutelectricityinTexas,awell－knownwarmUSstate.Who’stoblame?What’stoblame?Fingersarepointedinmultipledirectionsastowhattherootcauseis.JudahCohen,thedirectorofseasonalforecastingatAtmosphericandEnvironmentalResearch，explained,“Thiscan’tboildowntonaturalcauses.Awarmingplanetispartiallytoblame,atleast,wetheorize.Butscienceisbehindthis‘historical’phenomenon.”Whenweseeanaturaldisasterinvolvingheat,weusuallylinkitwithclimatechange.IsthatwhereweplacetherestoftheblameinvolvingTexas?Whileitseemsabituncharacteristic，scientistshypothesize(假設)thatsuddenwinterstormsareassociatedwithclimatechange.AstheArcticis“currentlyoneofthefastest－warmingregionsontheplanet”，therisingtemperaturesmayincreasetheoddsofanimbalancedpolarvortex(極渦).Asclimatescontinuetowarm,it’ssuggestedthatthiscanandwillhappenmorefrequently.NaturaldisastershaveproventhatweneedtobecomeadequatelypreparedforwhatMotherNaturewitha“dash”ofclimatechangecando.Systemsneedtobecreatedwithreliableandlastingcapabilitiesthatcancarrythenextunexpectedandpossiblyworsephenomenon.【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章主要分析了全球變暖的原因，指出了全球變暖造成的影響，并提出了人們應采取的應對之舉。1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducepolar－basedscientifictheories.B.ToexplorewhyTexassufferedcoldweather.C.Tofigureoutdamagecausedbypowerfailure.D.Toshowhowweatherpatternsaffecttheplanet.答案B[寫作意圖題。根據第一段中的“Butifwetakeacloserlook...whichcancauseenergyinfrastructure(基礎設施)toburnout.”可知，第一段旨在解釋為什么溫暖的得克薩斯州會遭遇寒流侵襲。]2.WhatisresponsibleforextremeweatheraccordingtoJudahCohen?A.Gases. B.Science.C.TheArctic. D.Nature.答案B[細節理解題。根據第二段中JudahCohen的話“Thiscan’tboildowntonaturalcauses...behindthis‘historical’phenomenon.”可知，JudahCohen認為，科學應為極端天氣負責。]3.Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Unitetofightagainsttheunexpected.B.Runaracetobalancetheworld’sclimate.C.Developaweatherbroadcastingsystem.D.Getwell－preparedfortheworsetocome.答案D[推理判斷題。根據最后一段特別是其中的“Asclimatescontinuetowarm...witha‘dash’ofclimatechangecando.”可知，隨著氣候持續變暖，極端天氣可能會更頻繁地出現，而我們需要為大自然帶來的氣候變化做好充分準備。]4.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A.Bymakingtheoreticalanalysis.B.Byconductingexperiments.C.Bylistingexamples.D.Bymakingcomparisons.答案A[寫作手法題。根據第一段中的“Butifwetakeacloserlook...andsurprisinglyenough，canendupwherewe’dleastexpect.”，第二段中的“Awarmingplanetispartiallytoblame，atleast，wetheorize.”和“scientistshypothesize(假設)”等信息可知，本文主要是通過“做理論分析”來展開的。]Thisyearsawthepublication,instages,ofthesixthreportbytheUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)—areportwhichwasdepressingreadingformanyclimatescientists,andinsomewaysofferedarayofhope.Whyisitdepressing?Becausethereportconfirmedwhatscientistshavebeensayingforyears:thathumanactivity,particularlyintheformofemissions(排放)ofgreenhousegases,isresponsibleforthewarminginthepastfewcenturies,andthatunlesssuchemissionsaregreatlyreduced,wewillinthefuturebringaboutourentireecosystem’sdestruction.Thereportconcludedthat1.5℃ofglobalwarmingoverthenextcoupleofhundredyearsisalready“baked__in”.Thismakesthegoalsoutlinedinthe2015ParisAgreement—thatnationsagreedtokeepwarmingbelow2℃，andhopefullybelow1.5℃—muchhardertomeet.Worsestill,theIPCCreportwasfollowedlaterintheyearbytheCOP27,describedbyProfDannMitchell,as“acompletefailure,otherthansomecommitmenttolossanddamage”.Andtherayofhope?TheIPCC’ssixthreportwasbroaderintheapproachthanpreviousstudies—takinganin－depthlookforthefirsttimeattheroleplayedinwarmingbyshort－termgreenhousegasessuchasmethane(甲烷),forinstance.“Reducingcarbonemissionsisalwaysthebestapproach:stoptheproblematitssource，”saidMitchell.“Butwealsoneedotherapproachestohelpwiththis.Methaneisimportant,butit’ssoshort－lived—that’swhywehaven’tbeensobotheredwhencomparedwithCO2.”TheIPCCworkinggroupsshowedpotentialadaptationpaths,andtheyaretheotherthingswecandointermsoffightingclimatechangeandrelievingitsworsteffects,ratherthansimplyreducingcarbonemissions.Thiswouldincludetakingmeasuressuchasswitchingtoamoreplant－baseddiet(toreducemethaneemissions),controllingpopulationgrowth,reducingfinancialinequalityanddevelopingmeansbywhichwemightremoveCO2that’salreadyinouratmosphere，ratherthansimplypreventingitbeingreleased.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要分析了聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(IPCC)發布的第六份氣候變化報告，首次研究分析短期溫室氣體在變暖中的作用，呼吁找到減緩氣候變暖的科學方法。5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethesixthreportbytheIPCC?A.Seeminglycontradictory.B.Whollypromising.C.Particularlyhopeless.D.Exceptionallynew.答案A[推理判斷題。根據第一段“Thisyearsawthepublication，instages...insomewaysofferedarayofhope”可知，這份報告既讓人沮喪，又給人一線希望，由此可以推斷，該報告似乎有些矛盾。故A項正確。]6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“bakedin”inparagraph3mean?A.Outofdate. B.Tothefull.C.Underdiscussion. D.Inprogress.答案D[詞義猜測題。根據第三段中的“Thismakesthegoalsoutlinedinthe2015ParisAgreement...below1.5℃—muchhardertomeet”可知，此處是描述短語所在的句子中的內容產生的結果：使得2015年《巴黎協定》中概述的目標更難實現了。這說明短語所在的句子陳述的內容已經存在，間接造成《巴黎協定》的目標更難實現，所以該短語的意思是“在進展中，在進行中”。故D項正確。]7.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutmethane?A.Ithasbeenlongregardedasamajorsourceofglobalwarming.B.Itsroleinglobalwarminghadbeenoverlookedbeforethereport.C.Itsboosttoglobalwarmingisasmuchasothergreenhousegases.D.Itisconsideredasanewapproachtoreducingglobalwarming.答案B[推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“TheIPCC’ssixthreport...playedinwarmingbyshort－termgreenhousegasessuchasmethane(甲烷)，forinstance”可知，在IPCC的第六份報告中第一次深入研究了甲烷在氣候變暖中的作用，由此可以推斷，之前報告從未提到過甲烷給氣候變暖帶來的影響。故B項正確。]8.Howmanyaspectsdotheadaptationpathsinvolveinthelastparagraph?A.2. B.3.C.4. D.5.答案C[細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Thiswouldincludetakingmeasures...ratherthansimplypreventingitbeingreleased”可知，提到的適應性路徑有：轉向更多的植物性飲食、控制人口增長、減少財政不平等以及想方法消除已經存在于大氣中的二氧化碳。故C項正確。]Ⅱ.七選五Therehasbeenaveryseriousdeclineinthenumbersofshallow－waterfishasaresultofoverfishing.Peoplestillwanttoeatfish,sothefishingindustrymustlookatothersources,especiallythedeepwatersoftheAtlantic.__1__Conservationmeasureswillhavetobeputinplaceifthesedeep－seafisharetosurvive.Researchonfivesuchspeciesshowsthatnumbershavedeclinedbybetween87percentand98percent.__2__Manyspeciescouldwelldisappearcompletelyifthepresenttrendcontinues.Thesearespeciesthathavebeenswimminginouroceansforhundredsofmillionsofyears.Theproblemisemphasisedbythefactthatthedeclineinnumbershappenedinlessthantwentyyears.Deep－seafishtakealongtimetoreproduceandnormallyliveformanyyears.__3__Theaveragesizeofsuchfishalsodeclined,withonespeciesshowinga57percentdeclineinaveragesize.Thisisofparticularconcern,aslargefishtendtoproducemoreoffspringthansmallones.__4__Thedeep－seaspecieshavebeencaughtasiftheywerethefast－breeding(快速繁殖)fishlikesardineandherring.Itislikekillingelephantsasiftheyreproducedatthesamerateasrabbits.Thedamagedonebyoverfishinggoesbeyondtheseaenvironment.Millionsofpeoplemakealivinginthefishingindustry.__5__Measuresmustbetakentonotonlyconserveecosystems,butalsosustainlivelihoodsandensurefoodsecurity.A.Billionsofpeoplerelyonfishforprotein.B.Manypeoplenowchoosenottoeatdeep－seafish.C.Unfortunately,theirreproductionrateisverylow.D.Thisputstheminthecategoryof“criticallyendangered”.E.Noneofthesefactshasbeentakenintoaccountbythefishingindustry.F.Overfishingisamajorcauseofthedeclineinpopulationsofoceanwildlife.G.Thishasresultedinasharpdeclineinthenumbersofmanyofthespeciescaught.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。人類過度捕撈導致魚類數量嚴重減少，許多物種甚至可能消失，必須采取措施保護生態系統、維持生計和確保食品安全。1.G[根據空前內容尤其是“Peoplestillwanttoeatfish...deepwatersoftheAtlantic”可知，人們不但沒有停止，還不斷擴大捕撈區域。G項“這已經導致被捕的很多魚類的數量急劇減少”與上文銜接緊密，同時通過后文內容也可知道文章主要講述深海魚數量減少很嚴重，有些種類甚至瀕臨滅絕，故G項符合語境。]2.D[根據空前的“Researchonfivesuch...87percentand98percent”可知，五種魚類的數量減少了87%—98%。根據空后的“Manyspeciescouldwelldisappearcompletelyifthepresenttrendcontinues”可知，如果按照目前的趨勢繼續下去，很多物種可能會消失。D項“這將它們列入極度瀕危類別”與上下文銜接緊密。]3.C[根據空后的“Theaveragesizeofsuchfishalsodeclined，withonespeciesshowinga57percentdeclineinaveragesize”可知，魚也變小了，說明空處應該會講到有關深海魚不利的一面。再根據空前的“Deep－seafishtakealongtimetoreproduceandnormallyliveformanyyears”可知，深海魚需要很長時間繁殖。C項提到了繁殖率不高，承上啟下，故C項符合語境。]4.E[根據空后的“Thedeep－seaspecies...asiftheyreproducedatthesamerateasrabbits”可知，人們將深海魚當成快速繁殖的魚類，這就像殺死大象，好像它們的繁殖率與兔子一樣。所以空處應該講的是漁業根本沒有意識到問題的嚴重性。E項“這些事實都沒有被捕魚業考慮在內”引出下文，符合語境。]5.A[根據空前兩句和空后的“Measuresmustbetaken...ensurefoodsecurity”可知，空后一句中的保護生態系統與維持生計和空前兩句呼應。空處的內容應與空后一句中的食品安全相關。A項“數十億人依賴魚類獲取蛋白質”符合語境。故選A項。]Ⅲ.語法填空Primaryschoolsnowattachgreatimportancetolaboreducation,advocatingstudentstodoactivitiessuchascooking,makinghandicrafts1._____