《拆除與爆破工程施工安全技術》ConstructionSafetyTechnologyofDemolitionandBlastingEngineering第一節

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

一、拆除工程施工常用的方法1.Commonmethodsfordemolitionworks1.人工拆除

（1）Manualdemolition

(1)進行人工拆除作業時，樓板上嚴禁人員聚集或堆放材料，作業人員應站在穩定的結構或腳手架上操作，被拆除的構件應有安全的放置場所。

Duringdemolitionoperation,gatheringandstackingmaterialsarestrictlyprohibitedinthefloor.Operatorsshallstandonastablestructureorscaffoldingtocarryoutoperations.Dismantledcomponentsshallbeplacedinsafeplace.

(2)人工拆除施工應從上至下、逐層拆除分段進行，不得垂直交叉作業。作業面的孔洞應封閉。

Manualdemolitionshallbecarriedoutinsectionsfromtoptobottom,layerbylayer,withnoverticalcrossoveroperations.Holesinthesurfaceofoperationshouldbeclosed.

(3)人工拆除建筑墻體時，嚴禁采用掏掘或推倒的方法。Duringmanualdemolitionofwalls,excavationandbulldozingarestrictlyprohibited.第一節

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

(4)拆除建筑的欄桿、樓梯、樓板等構件，應與建筑結構整體拆除進度相配合，不得先行拆除。建筑的承重梁、柱，應在其所承載的全部構件拆除后，再進行拆除。

Demolitionofbuilding’scomponentssuchasrailings,stairs,floorsladsandothercomponentsshallbeinlinewiththeprogressoftheoveralldemolitionofthebuildingstructureandshallnotbedemolishedfirst.Theload-bearingbeamsandcolumnsshallbedemolishedafterallthecomponentstheycarryhavebeendemolished.

(5)拆除梁或懸挑構件時，應采取有效的下落控制措施，方可切斷兩端的支撐。

Whendemolishingthebeamorcantilever,effectivefallcontrolmeasuresshallbetakenbeforecuttingoff.

(6)拆除柱子，沿柱子底部剔鑿出鋼筋，用手動倒鏈定向牽引，再用氣焊切割柱子三面鋼筋，保留牽引方向正面的鋼筋。

Demolishthecolumn,pickoutthesteelbaralongthebottomofthecolumn,usethedirectionalpullwiththemanualreversechain,andthencutthesteelbaronthethreesidesofthecolumnwithgaswelding,andretainthesteelbaronthefrontofthetractiondirection.

(7)拆除管道及容器時，必須在查清殘留物的性質，并采取相應措施確保安全后，方可進行拆除施工。

Thenatureofresiduesandthecorrespondingmeasuresmustbeascertainedbeforedemolishingthepipesandcontainers.第一節

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

2.機械拆除

（2）Mechanicaldemolition

(1)當采用機械拆除建筑時，應從上至下、逐層分段進行;應先拆除非承重結構，再拆除承重結構。拆除框架結構建筑，必須按樓板、次梁、主梁、柱子的順序進行施工。對只進行部分拆除的建筑，必須先將保留部分加固，再進行分離拆除。

Mechanicaldemolitionshallbecarriedoutinsectionsfromtoptobottom,layerbylayer;non-load-bearingstructuresshallbedemolishedfirst,followedbyload-bearingstructures.Thedemolitionofframebuildingsmustbecarriedoutintheorderoffloorslab,secondarybeam,mainbeamandcolumn.Buildingsthatareonlypartiallydemolishedmustberetainedinparttoreinforced,andthenseparatedanddemolished.

(2)采用雙機抬吊作業時每臺起重機載荷不得超過允許載荷的80%，且應對第一吊進行試吊作業。施工中必須保持兩臺起重機同步作業。

Theloadofeachcraneshallnotexceed80%oftheallowableloadwhenadoptingdouble-machineliftingoperation,andtestliftingoperationshallbecarriedoutbythefirstcrane.Twocranesmustbekeptsimultaneouslyduringconstruction.第一節

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

3.爆破拆除

（3）Demolitionbyblasting

(1)按照現行國家標準《爆破安全規程》(GB6722-2011)將工程分為A、B、C三級，并采取相應的安全技術措施。爆破拆除工程應做出安全評估，并經當地有關部門審核批準后方可實施。

InaccordancewiththecurrentnationalstandardSafetyRegulationsforBlasting

(GB6722-2011),theworksareclassifiedintoA,BandClevelsandthecorrespondingsafetytechnicalmeasuresaretaken.Blastinganddemolitionworksshouldbesubjecttosafetyassessmentandcarriedoutafterapprovalbythelocalauthorities.

(2)從事爆破拆除工程的施工單位，必須持有工程所在地法定部門核發的《爆炸物品使用許可證》，承擔相應等級的爆破拆除工程。爆破拆除設計人員應具有承擔爆炸拆除作業范圍和相應級別的爆破工程技術人員作業證。從事爆破拆除施工的作業人員應持證上崗。

TheconstructionsideofcontractorengagedintheblastinganddemolitionworksmustholdthePermitfortheUseofExplosivesissuedbythestatutoryauthoritywheretheworksislocated,toundertakethecorrespondinglevelofblastinganddemolitionworks.Blastinganddemolitiondesignershallholdcertificateforblastingconstructionthatundertakethescopeofblastinganddemolitionoperationandisinlinewiththecorrespondinglevel.operatorsengagedinblastinganddemolitionworksshallbelicensed.

第一節

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

(3)爆破器材必須向工程所在地法定部門申請《爆炸物品購買許可證》，到指定的供應點購買，爆破器材嚴禁贈送、轉讓、轉賣、轉借。

BlastingequipmentmustbepurchasedfromadesignatedsupplypointbyapplyingforthePermitforthePurchaseofExplosives

issuedbythestatutoryauthoritywheretheworksislocated.Presenting,transferring,resellingorlendingblastingequipmentisstrictlyprohibited.

(4)爆破拆除的預拆除施工應確保建筑安全和穩定。預拆除施工可采用機械和人工方法拆除非承重的墻體或不影響結構穩定的構件。

Pre-demolitionconstructionbyblastingshallensurethesafetyandstabilityofthebuilding.Pre-demolitionworkcanbecarriedoutbyadoptingmechanicalandmanualmethodstodemolishnon-load-bearingwallsorcomponentsthatdonotaffectstructuralstability.

(5)爆破拆除施工時，應對爆破部位進行覆蓋和遮擋，覆蓋材料和遮擋設施應牢固可靠。

Duringtheconstructionofblastinganddemolition,blastingpartsshallbecoveredandsheltered,andcoveredmaterialsandshelteredfacilitiesshallbestableandfirm.二、拆除工程安全技術要求2.SafetyTechnicalRequirementsfordemolition1.拆除工程的一般規定

（1）Generalregulationsfordemolitionworks

（1）項目經理必須對拆除工程的安全生產負全面領導責任。

Theprojectmanagermusttaketheoverallleadershipresponsibilityforthesafetyandproductionofthedemolitionproject.

（2）拆除工程施工區域應設置硬質封閉圍擋及醒目警示標志，圍擋高度不應低于1.8m。

Theconstructionareaofthedemolitionworksshallbesetupwitheye-catchingwarningsignsandhardclosedenclosureswiththeheightofnolessthan1.8meters.

（3）拆除施工嚴禁立體交叉作業。Three-dimensionalcrossoveroperationisstrictlyprohibitedfordemolitionconstruction.第一節

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

2.拆除工程的施工準備

（2）Constructionpreparationforthedemolitionproject

(1)拆除工程的建設單位與施工單位在簽訂施工合同時，應簽訂安全生產管理協議，明確雙方的安全管理責任。建設單位、監理單位應對拆除工程施工安全負檢查督促責任，施工單位應對拆除工程的安全技術管理負直接責任。

Whensigningtheconstructioncontract,theconstructionsideofemployerofdemolitionworksandtheconstructionsideofcontractorshallsignthesafetyproductionmanagementagreementtoclarifythesafetymanagementresponsibilitiesofbothparties.Theconstructionsideofemployerandthesupervisionunitshallberesponsiblefortheinspectionandsupervisionoftheconstructionsafetyofthedemolitionworks.Theconstructionsideofcontractorshallbedirectlyresponsibleforthesafetyandtechnicalmanagementofthedemolitionworks.

(2)建設單位應將拆除工程發包給具有相應資質等級的施工單位。建設單位應在拆除工程開工前15日，將下列資料報送建設工程所在地的縣級以上地方人民政府建設行政主管部門備案。

Theconstructionsideofemployershallcontractoutthedemolitionprojecttotheconstructionsideofcontractorwiththecorrespondingqualificationlevel.Theconstructionsideofemployershall,15daysbeforethecommencementofthedemolitionproject,submitthefollowingmaterialstoconstructionadministrationauthoritiesofthelocalpeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelwheretheconstructionworkislocatedfortherecord.第一節

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

1)施工單位資質登記證明。Qualificationregistrationcertificateoftheconstructionsideofcontractor.2)擬拆除建筑物、構筑物及可能危及毗鄰建筑的說明。Descriptionofthebuildingsandstructurestobedemolishedandthepotentialdangertoadjacentbuildings.3)拆除施工組織方案或安全專項施工方案。DemolitionorganizationplanorSpecialsafetyconstructionplan.4)堆放、清除廢棄物的措施。Measurestopileupandremovewaste.第一節

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

(3)建設單位應向施工單位提供下列資料:Theconstructionsideofemployershallprovidethefollowingmaterialstotheconstructionsideofcontractor:1)拆除工程的有關圖紙和資料。Relevantdrawingsandinformationofthedemolitionworks.2)拆除工程涉及區域的地上、地下建筑及設施分布情況資料。Informationonthedistributionofaboveandbelowgroundbuildingsandfacilitiesintheareainvolvedinthedemolitionworks.(4)建設單位應負責做好影響拆除工程安全施工的各種管線的切斷、遷移工作。Theconstructionsideofemployershallberesponsibleforthecuttingoffandrelocatingworkofvariouspipelinesaffectingthesafeconstructionofthedemolitionworks.第一節

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

3.拆除工程安全防護措施（3）Safetyprecautionsfordemolitionworks

拆除施工采用的腳手架、安全網，必須由專業人員按設計方案搭設，由相關人員驗收合格后方可使用。水平作業時，操作人員應保持安全距離。Thescaffoldingandsafetynetsusedfordemolitionconstructionmustbeerectedbyprofessionalsaccordingtothedesignplan,andacceptedbytherelevantpersonnelbeforeuse.Duringhorizontaloperations,operatorsshallkeepasafedistance.4.拆除工程的文明施工管理（4）Civilizedconstructionmanagementfordemolitionworks

(1)清運渣土的車輛應封閉或覆蓋，出人現場時應有專人指揮。清運渣土的作業時間應遵守工程所在地的有關規定。

Vehiclesusedtoremovemuckshallbeclosedorcovered,andbedirectedspeciallyattheaccesssite.Theoperationtimeofmuckremovalshallcomplywiththerelevantregulationsofthelocationofthework.

(2)對地下的各類管線，施工單位應在地面上設置明顯標識。對水、電、氣的檢查井、污水井應采取相應的保護措施。Forallkindsofundergroundpipelines,theconstructionsideof