主題群二自然與災(zāi)害話題34自然災(zāi)害與防范Ⅰ.閱讀理解ScienceandTechnologyCamp·Full－daycampforstudentsaged12－14·Four－weekprogramJuly5－30|Monday—Friday,9amto4pmWeek1|July5－9Week2|July12－16Week3|July19－23Week4|July26－30·RegistrationbeginsJune1，2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.·Fees:$75registrationfee.$795perweek.Fullpaymentmustbemadeatthetimeofregistration.·ThedeadlineforthecancellationtoreceiveafullrefundisJune15,2024.CampStructureCampdaysarecomprisedofeightsessionswithtwosessionsperdaywhilethefinaldayoftheweekisreservedforoverviewsandreflection.Themorningsessionsbeginat9amandendat12noon,followedbyonehourforlunch.(Campersshouldbringtheirlunches.)Afternoonsessionsarescheduledfrom1pmto4pmwith15－minutebreaksmidwaythrougheachsession.Snacksareprovidedatbreaktime.(Foodallergiesshouldbereportedatthetimeofregistration.)CampContentScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainmentwhileteachingstudentsabouthowwebsitesaredesignedusingvariouscodinglanguages,rocketdesign,practicalapplicationsofmathandphysics,andhowtobuildyourownhydraulicsystem.CampPersonnelThecampisheadedbythehusband－and－wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClarkwhoareexpertsinthefieldsofcomputerscienceandmechanicalengineering.Ourmissionistomakesureeveryonefeelsfullysupportedandexcitedtobehere.【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文，是一則科技夏令營廣告。1.WhatisthelowestcostofattendingtheScienceandTechnologycamp?A.$75. B.$795.C.$1，590. D.$1，665.答案D[數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)文中的“RegistrationbeginsJune1，2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.Fees：$75registrationfee.$795perweek”可知，參加夏令營最少要兩周，所以最低的費用為75＋795×2＝1665(美元)。]2.WhatisthemainemphasisofScienceandTechnologycamp?A.Rocketscience. B.Funinlearning.C.Codinglanguages. D.Hands－onexperiences.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“CampContent”部分中的“ScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainment...andhowtobuildyourownhydraulicsystem”可知，該夏令營強調(diào)寓教于樂。]3.Whoarethecampleaders?A.Mechanicalengineers. B.Medicaldoctors.C.Amarriedcouple. D.Computertechnicians.答案C[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“CampPersonnel”部分中的“Thecampisheadedbythehusband－and－wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClark”可知，這個夏令營是由一對夫婦負責(zé)的，故C項正確。head在此作動詞，意為“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，主管”。](2024·四川成都七中模擬預(yù)測)Therearepeopleforwhomthemotivationliesintheirfamilyorcompanions’duties.Forsomepeople，thepurposeliesinasoul’sspiritualawakening.BrentClayton，afirefighterbyprofession，isonesuchindividualwhofoundhispurposeearlyinlifeandkeptworkingtofulfillit.BornonMarch3，1984，Claytonhugelyfelttheneedtoserveothers.HefollowedhismissioninlifeandacquiredhisdiplomainPublicSafety.Hegraduallyrealizedtheimportanceofsecuringpeople’slives，whichstrengthenedhisfaithinhismission.Claytonfurtherpursuedhisbachelor’sdegreefromTheUniversityofMelbourneandmaster’sdegreefromFederationUniversity.Then，Claytonworkedinthemilitaryforaperiodbeforemovingintoarolewiththeprisonserviceasaprisonguard，theyoungestpersontoeverbeemployedbytheserviceatthetime.Afterspendingadecadeinthefireserviceincludingtrainingandrecruitment(招募)，hegainedenoughexperiencetobecomeAustralia’smostprominentfireservicerecruitmentexpert.Claytondevotedmanyyearsofhislifetothefirefighterrecruitmentprocessandfireserviceindustry.Hewantedpeopletorealizethetruevalueofthisprofessionbyestablishingitssignificance.Tocommunicatehisperspective，ClaytonestablishedFireRecruitmentAustraliain2009.Heaimedtotrainthenextgenerationandpreparethemforthefuture.Claytonusedhisexperienceandyears－longtrainingtopreparecandidateswhowereasenthusiasticaboutthewell－beingoftheworldashim.Keepingthepointinmind，ClaytonwrotethebookFireServiceRecruitment—theProcesstoSuccess.Hisideawastojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemediumsoothersdidn’thavetowasteyearswonderingwhattodowhenapplyingtobecomeafirefighter.Afterthesuccessofthebook，Claytonintroducedcandidatestoacomprehensivetestpreparationandlearningsuitetofacilitate(促進)successthroughouteachstageoftheselectionprocess.Thisplatformhelpedhimaswellashiscandidatestoworktogetherforthebettermentofthemselvesandultimatelysocietyatlarge.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了職業(yè)消防員布倫特·克萊頓認識到人們安全的重要性，花了多年時間投入消防員招募過程和消防服務(wù)行業(yè)，他的目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)下一代，為未來做好準(zhǔn)備。4.WhatmadeClayton’sbeliefstronger?A.Themilitaryexperience.B.Thesupportofhisfamily.C.Thesignificanceofpeople’ssafety.D.Theknowledgehelearnedfromcollege.答案C[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hegraduallyrealizedtheimportanceofsecuringpeople’slives，whichstrengthenedhisfaithinhismission.”可知，是人們安全的重要性讓克萊頓的信念更加堅定。]5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“prominent”inparagraph3?A.Stubborn. B.Fearless.C.Outstanding. D.Energetic.答案C[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞上文“Afterspendingadecadeinthefireserviceincludingtrainingandrecruitment(招募)，”以及后文“Claytondevotedmanyyearsofhislifetothefirefighterrecruitmentprocessandfireserviceindustry.”可推知，克萊頓在消防員招聘過程和消防服務(wù)行業(yè)投入了多年時間，所以經(jīng)過10年的消防培訓(xùn)和招聘工作，他積累了足夠的經(jīng)驗，成為澳大利亞最杰出的消防招聘專家。故可猜測畫線單詞prominent為“杰出的”意思，與outstanding“杰出的”意思一致。]6.WhydidClaytonsetupFireRecruitmentAustralia?A.Becausehecouldearnagoodreputation.B.Becausehewantedtojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemedium.C.Becausehewantedtorealizehisdreamofbeingafirefighterleader.D.Becausehehopedtogetyoungpeoplereadyfortheirfuturecareer.答案D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Tocommunicatehisperspective...andpreparethemforthefuture.”可知，克萊頓成立澳大利亞消防招聘公司是因為他希望年輕人為未來的職業(yè)生涯做好準(zhǔn)備。]7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AManwithGreatPurpose B.ABookforCareerSuccessC.AnOrganizationforWell－being D.AStandardforFirefighters答案A[標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段“Therearepeopleforwhomthemotivationliesintheirfamily...whofoundhispurposeearlyinlifeandkeptworkingtofulfillit.”并結(jié)合文章主要講述了職業(yè)消防員布倫特·克萊頓認識到人們安全的重要性，花了多年時間投入消防員招募過程和消防服務(wù)行業(yè)，他的目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)下一代，為未來做好準(zhǔn)備，故可知A選項“一個有偉大目標(biāo)的人”最符合文章標(biāo)題。](2024·山東青島統(tǒng)考三模)By2050，68%oftheglobalpopulationwillliveincities.That’s2.5billionmorepeoplethantoday.InEurope，threeoutoffourofusalreadyliveinurbanareas，andtheconsequencesofthatarebecomingclear.Researchersestimatethatninemillionpeopledieeveryyearasadirectresultofairpollution.Asourcitiesgrowandmorepeoplemoveintoalreadycrowdedspaces，whatdoweneedtodototransformoururbanareasintohealthyplacestolive?Anincreasingbodyofresearchtellsusthatweshouldbelettingnaturebackin.Greenspacesincitiesmitigatetheeffectsofpollutionandcanreduceaphenomenonknownastheurbanheatislandeffect，whichreferstoheattrappedinbuilt－upareas.Theeffectappearsintownsandcitieswheretheheatgeneratedbypeople，transportandindustryistrappedinthenarrowroadsandconcretestructures，unabletoescapetotheatmosphere.Thiscanbringthetemperatureinurbanareasup3－4℃higherthanthesurroundingcountryside，andwiththatcomesaseverecycle.Increasedtemperaturesinsummerleadtoanincreaseddemandforcooling.Thisexpandsourenergyconsumption，whichinturnbuildupfossilfuelconsumption，increasingpollutantsintheairandharmfulsmogonourstreets.Planningcitiestoincludegreenspaceswhereverpossibleisthefirststepinmakingoururbanareashealthier.Forexample，addingalayerofvegetationtorooftopsandcreatinggreenroofshasproventoreducetheurbanheatislandeffect.Treesinourstreetsalsoplaytheirpart，andavarietyoftreespeciescanhaveaprofoundeffect.Simplyhavingaccesstogreenspacesincitiescandowondersforourstresslevelsandconcentrationatwork.“Peopleneedtointeractwithnaturewhenevertheopportunityarises.Somethingassimpleasafive－to－ten－minutebreakduringtheworkdaycanimprovewell－beingandboostproductivity，”Cecil，anexpertstudyingnatureincitiessays.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了隨著城市人口的急劇增加，城市的空氣污染問題日益嚴(yán)重，因此有必要在城市中讓自然回歸，以改善城市的健康水平。同時，讓自然回歸可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。8.HowdoestheauthorbringinthetopicinParagraph1?A.Bypresentingfacts. B.Bylistingexamples.C.Bycomparingnumbers. D.Byquestioninganestimate.答案A[寫作手法題。根據(jù)第一段中“By2050，68%oftheglobalpopulationwillliveincities.That’s2.5billionmorepeoplethantoday...asadirectresultofairpollution.”可知，作者先呈現(xiàn)了城市人口大幅增長，直接死于空氣污染的人數(shù)量巨大的事實，然后引入了文章的話題。由此可知，作者通過展現(xiàn)事實的方式引入話題。]9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”meaninParagraph2?A.Overcome. B.Change.C.Ease. D.Shift.答案C[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中“...totransformoururbanareasintohealthyplacestolive？...weshouldbelettingnaturebackin.”和第二段第一句“Greenspacesincitiesmitigatetheeffectsofpollutionandcanreduceaphenomenon...inbuilt－upareas.”可知，在城市中讓自然回歸有助于改善城市的健康，因此城市中的綠地應(yīng)該可以緩解污染和城市熱島效應(yīng)。由此可知，mitigate意為“緩解，減輕”，與ease意思一致。]10.Whatmightbeaconsequenceoftheurbanheatislandeffect?A.Lowertemperature. B.Energyregeneration.C.Fuelshortage. D.Airpollution.答案D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thisexpandsourenergyconsumption...increasingpollutantsintheairandharmfulsmogonourstreets.”可知，城市熱島效應(yīng)會形成惡性循環(huán)，加重城市的空氣污染。]11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoLetNatureBackInB.WhyWeNeedGreenSpacesinCitiesC.HeatEffect：AnUnavoidableUrbanTroubleD.GreenRoofs：TinyUrbanForests答案B[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文特別是第一段的“Asourcitiesgrowandmorepeoplemoveintoalreadycrowdedspaces...weshouldbelettingnaturebackin.”可知，文章介紹了隨著城市人口的急劇增加，城市的空氣污染問題日益嚴(yán)重，因此有必要在城市中讓自然回歸，以改善城市的健康水平。同時，讓自然回歸可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。因此，文章主要介紹的是在城市中引入自然的好處，B項“我們?yōu)槭裁葱枰鞘芯G地”符合文章大意，適合作為標(biāo)題。]Ⅱ.七選五(2024·河北1月質(zhì)檢)Weusuallydivideayearintofourseasons.However，inTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)theory，therearefiveseasons—spring，summer，latesummer，fall，andwinter.Eachofthefivehasmanyfeatureswhichguideustochangeourhabitstokeepthebalancebetweenourbodyandtheexternalenvironment.WinterinTCMTheancientChinesebelievedthatwinteristheYinseasoninnature.1So，winteristhetimeofyeartoreflectonhealth，savestrengthandregainenergy，preparingourselvesforthestartofnewlifeinthespring.ActivitiesinwinterInTCMtheory，winterisaseasontofeedourselvesbothspirituallyandphysically.2Forexample，wecandomorewriting，readingandothersoul－nourishing(滋養(yǎng)靈魂的)activities.Althoughenergeticexerciseshouldbeavoided，it’simportanttokeepourbodyhealthywithgentleexercise，especiallyoutdooractivities，inwhichwecangetfreshairandsunlight.Inaddition，weshouldalsogotobedearliertosavemoreenergy.3FoodsforwinterTheprincipleofharmonybetweenwhatweeatandtheseasonisbasedonhundredsofyearsofexperienceinTCM.Itsuggeststhatweembracelocally－grownandseasonablefoods，whichisthewaynatureintendsustoeat.4Mostofthemnaturallygrowinthisseason—pumpkins，potatoes，rootvegetables，wintergreens，carrots，cabbage，mushrooms，andpears.Besides，hotsoup，wholegrainsandroastednutsalsooffernourishmenttofeedthebodyincoldwintermonths.Butalwaysremember，moderationinallthingsisimporta