材料1:Differentialcalculus,yosharpenermaybe…sneakers?Yup.Oncethey'reonyouupyourheartrate.“ThebestadviceIcangivetokeepyourbrainheaandyoungisaerobicexercise,"saysneuropsychologistanddirectoroftheRotmanResearchdifferentialcalculus[數]微積分；微分學chaostheory混沌理論MarkMcDaniel,PhD,professorofpsychologyatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,agraerobicsandweighttraining.Studiesshowthebestoutcomesforengagedinbothtypesofexercise."Asweage,ourbraincells,calledneurons,losetheconnectionsbetweenthem.Theseconnectiotothought.Quiteliterally,overtime,ourbrainslosethethemoststrikingbrainresearchtodayisthestrongevthat“exercisemayforestallsomekindsofmentaldecline,”notesMcDaniel.Itmayevenrestorememory.Myriadanimalstudiesamongotherbrainbenefits,aerdevelopmentinthebrain,meaningmorebloodsupply,morenutrient—abigrequirementforbrainhealthThepreeminentexerciseandbrain-healthKramerattheUniversityofIllinoisReducesBrainTissueLossinAgingpeoplewhoareoutofshape,butthengetintosbrains.Thissecondfindingisvital.There'snoquestionasimportant,exercisestavesoffheartdisease,obesity,diothermaladiesthatincreasetheriskofbrainproblemsaswAnotherpathtoabetterbrainisthroughyouaboutantioxidantsascancerfighforyourbraintoo.FreeradicalshavenothingtodowithBerkeleypoliticsandeverythingtodowithbMoreimportant,though,isoverallcholesterolallmakelifetoughonyourbrain,saysCarageriatricresearchscientistattfleshisheirtoIfyourdietisheavy,thenyou'reprobablyalsoheavy.ThesameweightGreenwoodnotes,arealsothebrainisinyourbody,afterall.Greenwood'srecommendationisyoungageof30(yes,30).Itusedtobethoughtthatthiscouldn'tbehelped,butabarrageofnewstuditheirbrainstobefasterand,ineffect,younger.“YourbrainofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Giventherighttoobrainstoactliketheydidwhenwewereyounger.Allthat'sdedicatedpractice:exercisesforthemiabarrageof大量的Merzenichhasdevelopedacomputer-basedtrainingregimentohowthebrainprocessesinformation().Sincemuchofthelanguageandhearingofyourtraining,theprogramstartsaskingyoutod(between“dog”and“bog,”forinstance)atanincrrate.It'sabitlikeatennisinstructor,saysMerzenich,shchallenged.ThoughyouSimilarly,Nintendowasinspiredbyimpairment,butanincreasingnumberofreputaaging,orevent "plastic,"asneurologistsputit.IfyouaskyourbrainNintendo任天堂(日本電子游戲公司及其開發的電腦游戲名稱)cognitiveimpairment認知障礙；認知損害Tokeepyourbrainyoungandsupple,youandexciteyou:playingPing-Pongorcontractbridge,doingjigsawpuzzles,akitairplane,masteringbonsaitofbeer-brewingand,sure,relearningdifferentialcalculus.jigsawpuzzles拼圖游戲；拼圖玩具“Anythingthatcloselyengagesyourfocusandisstronglyrewarding,”saysMerzenich,willkickyourbrainintolearningmodenotchitup.Forhispart,Merzenich,64,has“4,000hobbies,”notchup完成Whilechallengingyourbrainisveryimportant,remainiequallyso.InapaperonthebrainUniversityofWashingtonasserts,innouncertainterms,thattraumaticstressisbadprocessessuchasofhumanlife,"writesKim.Oneexampleisapartprimarylocusofmemoryformation,butwhichcanbeseriouslybychronicstress.Ofcourse,physicalexerciseisPerhapsthemostextremeexampleofthementalpoweristhecreativebenefitofsleep.Nexttimeyou'reworkingonacomplexfamily,itreallypaysto“sleeponit.”ResearchersatHarvardchancesoffindingacreativesolutiontotheproblemsthenextday.Thesleepingbrain,theytheorize,isvastlycapableofsynthesizingHumorstimulatesthepartsofourbrainthatusethe“feelgood”chemicalmessengerdopamine.Thatputslaughterinthecategoryoforhavingsex.LaughterispleasuButcanhumormakeussmarter?Thejuryisstillouareneeded,butissueofReader'sDigesInouryouth-obsessedcultrequirementremainsat35.You'veheardaboutthewisdomandjudgmentofWhenyouareolder,explcalluponatanytime.Furthermore,henotes,synthesizerandintegratorofthatinformation.”0lderpeoplearebetteratsolvingproblems,becaumentalinformationtodrawuponAsBarryGordon,aneurologistatTheJohnsHopkinsSchoolandauthorofIntelligentMemory:ImprovetheMemoryThatMakesYouSmarter,putsit,"It'snicetoknow3.Whyolderpeopleare【參考答案】exerciseincreasescapillarydevelopmentinthesupply,morenutrientsand—abigrequirementfor2.Anythingthatcloselyengagesyourfocusandisswillkickourbrainintolearningmodeandnecessari材料2:Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesense-data,wewithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturallimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,example,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anlimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus;thisourinabilitytoindividualquantumofenergy.SincethesequantaarebelievedtobeapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoislikeadrawingachildmightmakeWemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusinextremelylongwavelengths;suchquantatoconveyextremelydelicatesense-data.Andtperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareusmillionthsofaninch;withawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,ingraduatedininches.QuantaofextremelylongwaveleDespitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodperceivingsubjectandaperceiweresupposedtobeentirelydistinct,sothataoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,ofacompletequantumfrthatthispassageconstitutesanimobserved.Wecannolonefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanadistortthecrucialinterrelatioshipofobserverandobservedasofasinglewhole.But,evenforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofexplanationofobservations.1.Theprimarypurposeofthep(A)discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld(B)pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurement(C)criticizeattemptstodistinguishbetwee(D)compareandcontrastrivalscientifichypo(E)suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobs2.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelecannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworld(A)existindependentlyof(C)haveaninsignificantamountofenergy(D)cannot,withpresent-d(E)provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeanso3Whichofthefol(A)Amathematiciancanonlysolve(B)Ananimalcanrespondtonosyntacticallythananyithas(C)Aviewerwhohasnotlearned,atleastintofpainting,cannotunderstandperspectiveinadrawing.thanthegrainofthe4.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthech(A)illustratetheultimatelimit(B)showthesenseofhelplessne(C)anticipatetheobjectionsofthethosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaid(D)exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandofcolor(E)disparagethosescienofquantaoffersanaccuratepictureofth5.Theauthorimpliesthatmaking(A)possibleinainameasure