專題23定語從句（清單+專練）目錄TOC\o"1-1"\h\u★知識點1定語從句的構(gòu)成 2★知識點2定語從句關(guān)系詞的用法 2★知識點3定語從句中需注意的事項 3★知識點4考點和題型 5★專項過關(guān)訓(xùn)練題 8★知識點1定語從句的構(gòu)成在主從復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾名詞、代詞等的從句叫作定語從句，又稱關(guān)系從句。定語從句通常置于它修飾的名詞或代詞之后，由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。1.先行詞被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。先行詞一般出現(xiàn)在定語從句之前。2.關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)其在定語從句中的作用，又可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，不僅在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，而且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。定語從句構(gòu)成形式為“先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句”。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.Tinaisagirlwhoalwayshelpsothers.先行詞定語從句先行詞定語從句★知識點2定語從句關(guān)系詞的用法1.關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞掷鋞hat人或物在從句中作主語賓語(作賓語時that可省略)IhavesomephotosthatItookinAustralialastyear.我有一些去年在澳大利亞拍的照片。(that作賓語)Iprefermoviesthatgivemesomethingtothinkabout.我更喜歡讓我思考的電影。(that作主語)which物

在從句中作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略，在介詞后作賓語時不可省略)ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforBeijing.剛開走的火車是駛往北京的。(which作主語)Thisisthebookwhichhegaveme.這就是他給我的那本書。(which作賓語)who人

在從句中作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)He'stheboywhowontheEnglishcompetitionlastyear!他是去年贏得英語比賽的男孩!(who在作主語)whom人在從句中作賓語(作賓語時可省略，在介詞后作賓語時不可省略)Itisalwayshardtoseparatefromthosewhomyouhavespentsomuchtimewithforthepastthreeyears.與那些在過去三年間共度許多時光的人分離總是很難的。whose人或物

在從句中作定語It'stheschoolwhosedoorispaintedbrown.這就是那個門被漆成棕色的學(xué)校。(whose=thethschool's)口訣助記：關(guān)系代詞引定從，它們用法須分清；that可作主與賓，指人指物都能行；which用來指代物，主語賓語都可充；who和whom只指人，作主作賓不相同；whose一詞作用大，表人表物都能用。2.關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞掷鋡hen時間在從句中作時間狀語，可與on/in/at/...+which互換IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然記得我第一次坐飛機旅行的時候。where表示地點的名詞地點狀語，可與at/in...+which互換Tomwantstogotoaplacewherehecancalmdown.湯姆想去一個能讓他平靜的地方。why表示原因的名詞原因狀語可與forwhich互換Isthisthereasonwhysherefusedourofferofhelp?這就是她拒絕我們的幫助的理由嗎?易錯警示：①關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時只起狀語的作用，既不能作動詞的賓語，也不能作介詞的賓語。②先行詞表示時間時，若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則關(guān)系詞不能用when。③先行詞是thereason時，若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則關(guān)系詞用that或which。★知識點3定語從句中需注意的事項1.先行詞指物時，只能用that而不用which的情況：情況示例先行詞是all,little,much,nothing,few,something,every-thing等不定代詞時Itissomethingthatyouusetopaintpictures.它是你用來畫畫的一些東西。先行詞被thesame,theonly,thevery,all,thelast,theone(s),no等修飾IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyShakespeare.我想讀莎士比亞寫的所有書。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過的最好的書。主句是以疑問詞which或who開頭的特殊疑問句Whichisthebikethatyouhavelost?你丟失的自行車是哪輛?

先行詞既有人又有物Wetalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinmiddleschool.我們談?wù)摿宋覀冊谥袑W(xué)時記得的人和事情。主句以here或there開頭，且先行詞指物時HereisthepenthatMaryhavebeenlookingfor.這是瑪麗一直在找的那支筆。2.關(guān)系詞只用which不用that的情況情況例句

先行詞本身是that是什么?

關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞且指物時ThisistheroominwhichJamesoncelived.這是James曾經(jīng)住過的房間。

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句Crusoe'sdog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.Crusoe的狗現(xiàn)在很老了，生病死了。3.關(guān)系詞只用who不用that的情況情況例句先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如someone、anyone、one、all、nobody、noone等I'llasksomeonewholikescomedymovies.我會去問喜歡喜劇題材電影的人。

先行詞為those且指人ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere。想去長城的人在這里報名。

主句為therebe句型，且先行詞指人Thereareinstructorswhocanshowyouhowtoyouhowtoswimming.有教練可以教你如何游泳。先行詞指人，且先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時Theywerethefirststudentswhofinishedthehomework.他們是第一批完成作業(yè)的學(xué)生。4.定語從句的主謂一致情況例句關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語，從句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞保持一致。先行詞是單數(shù)時，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)時，從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式Thestudentsthatlaughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.嘲笑殘疾人的學(xué)生不是好學(xué)生。(students指同學(xué)們，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)Mr.Black,who

is

inthemeetingroom,isaskingtoseeyou.布萊克先生要見你，他在會議室。(Mr.Black指一個人，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式)TheBlacks,who

are

inthemeetingroom,areaskingtoseeyou.布萊克夫婦要見你，他們在會議室。(TheBlacks指夫婦，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式)先行詞為“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時，從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；先行詞為“the(only/very/right)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Heis

oneofthestudents

who

were

awarded.他是當(dāng)時受到獎勵的學(xué)生之一。(受到獎勵的學(xué)生不止一個，先行詞是students)Heis

theonlyoneofthestudents

who

was

awarded.他是當(dāng)時唯一受到獎勵的學(xué)生。(受到獎勵的學(xué)生只有他一個，先行詞是theonlyone)5.關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下which、whom作賓語時可以省略，但以下情況不能省略：情況例句

關(guān)系代詞which、whom在從句中作介詞的賓語且位于介詞后面時TherearemanywaysinwhichChinesepeopleexpresstheirrespect.中國人表達(dá)敬意的方式有很多種。(which作介詞in的賓語)6.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法(1)當(dāng)定語從句中的介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前面，構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞可用which、whose、whom,不可用that、who。介詞的選用根據(jù)其在定語從句中與謂語動詞的搭配、與先行詞的搭配或句意來確定。(2)關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間,有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置于定語從句的后面,如:Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.那是我們住了十年的房間。=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.ThisisthepolicemanbywhomIwassaved.這就是救了我的那位警察。ThegirltowhomhespokewasMary.和他說話的那個女孩是瑪麗。=ThegirlwhomhespoketowasMary.(3)像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短語動詞,在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如:Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.這就是她照顧過的男孩?！镏R點4考點和題型考點1定語從句的關(guān)系詞辨析考查題型單項選擇Romeisanancientcity___________isfullofplacesofinterest.A.where B.which C.who D.whose【答案】B【解析】句意:羅馬是一座滿是名勝古跡的古城。考查定語從句。先行詞是物"anancientcity",關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，此處應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選B。步驟一：根據(jù)定語從句的構(gòu)成，判定題目的句子所引導(dǎo)的從句為定語從句。以及關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作的成分。注意根據(jù)關(guān)系詞指人或物判斷具體正確的答案。關(guān)系詞的用法：語,選用正確的關(guān)系詞。步驟三：判斷題目是否存在屬于特殊情況：先行詞指物時，that的情況。考點2定語從句的關(guān)系詞填空考查題型語篇填空根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，在空白處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞(that,who,which)補全對話，如果關(guān)系代詞可以省略用括號表示。A:Idon'thavemanyfriendsinthiscity.B:Haven'tyoumetanypeoplehere?A:Ofcourse.Butthepeople

1I'vemetheredon'tsharemyinterests.Ilikereadingandgoingforquietwalks.However,thepeople2workwithmeseemtolikeparties,watchingTV,playingsportsandgoingtorestaurants.Theirinterests

3theyhavearesodifferentfrommine.B:Yourinterestsdon'tinvolve(涉及)otherpeople.It'shardtodothingswithotherpeoplewhenyourhobbiescanbedonealone.Youshouldfindsomeinterests

4youcandowithotherpeople,liketennisordancing.A:Theactivities5involveotherpeoplecostmoney,andIdon'thavealotofmoney.B:Therearemanyparksinthiscity

6havefreetenniscourts.Infact,therearealotofthings7arefreeorverycheapinthiscity.Icangiveyoualistoffreeactivities,ifyouwant.A:Thanks.I'dlovetohavethelist.【答案】1．(that/who)2．that/who3．(that/which)4．(that/which)5．that/which6．that/which7．that/which【解析】這是一組關(guān)于業(yè)余愛好和興趣，以及有相同愛好的人的對話。1．句意：這兒我遇到的人不能分享我的興趣。這是定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)先行詞thepeople，所以引導(dǎo)詞用that/who；故填（that/who）2．句意：和我一起工作的人喜歡舞會、看電視、做運動和去餐館。這是定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)先行詞thepeople，所以引導(dǎo)詞用that/who；故填that/who3．句意：他們有的興趣和我的不同。這是定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)先行詞是Theirinterests，所以引導(dǎo)詞用that/which；故填（that/which）4．句意：你應(yīng)該找到和其他人做的一些興趣，像網(wǎng)球和跳舞。這是定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)先行詞是Theirinterests，所以引導(dǎo)詞用that/which；故填（that/which）5．句意：涉及其他人的活動花錢。這是定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)先行詞是Theactivities，所以引導(dǎo)詞用that/which；故填that/which6．句意：在這個城市里有許多免費網(wǎng)球場的公園。這是定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)先行詞是parks，所以引導(dǎo)詞用that/which；故填that/which7．句意：事實上，在這個城市里有許多是免費的或便宜的東西。這是定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)先行詞是things，所以引導(dǎo)詞用that/which；故填that/which.步驟一：閱讀題干，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確認(rèn)句子是否考查定語從句。若是，則判斷先行詞指人還是指物，指人時用哪些關(guān)系代詞，指物時用哪些關(guān)系代詞。步驟二：看設(shè)空處在從句中所作成分，若從句中缺少主語、賓語等主干成分，用關(guān)系代詞；若從句中不缺少主干成分，用關(guān)系副詞。步驟三：判斷是否屬于特殊情況，確認(rèn)先行詞是否屬于只能用that不能用which或只能用which不能用that的情況。選擇正確選項，復(fù)讀并驗證答案。★專項過關(guān)訓(xùn)練題題型一單項選擇類型一限制性定語從句一、that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句1．（2025·廣東江門·二模）YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhad________thepoorboyandthelittledog________wereseriouslyhurt.A．help;which B．tohelp;that C．helping;that D．helped;who2．（2025·廣東江門·二模）Motherwassoangryatall________Iwasdoing________shewalkedout.A．that;that B．what;that C．what;as D．that;which3．（2025·四川成都·一模）TheIgNobelPrizesweregiventosomefunnystudies________makepeoplelaugh,thenthink.A．that B．whose C．who4．（2025·四川成都·一模）Thesingerisfamousforhissongs________expressastrongfeelingofmissinghometown.A．who B．that C．whose5．（2025·吉林·模擬預(yù)測）Thisisthemostinterestingbook________Ihaveeverread.A．which B．that C．what D．who二、which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句1．（2025·四川成都·一模）—Whataretheytalkingabout?—They’retalkingabouttheAIrobots________willmakeabigdifferencetotheoldpeople’slife.A．which B．when C．whose2．（2025·四川成都·一模）Thedocumentary________showedhowthefirefightersavedthelivesreallymovedme.A．which B．who C．whose3．（2025·山西運城·模擬預(yù)測）—Doyouhavebooksaboutfamousscientists________aresuitableforchildrentoread?—Yes,wedo.A．what B．which C．who D．whom4．（2025·安徽·模擬預(yù)測）ThenewexpresswaysectioninAnhui,________wascompletedlastmonth,hasshortenedthetraveltimebetweencities.A．which B．who C．where D．when5．（2025·吉林長春·模擬預(yù)測）Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A．where B．who C．which D．when三、who引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句1．（2025·四川瀘州·一模）Althoughmygrandfatherisover90yearsold,hestillremembersthepeople________hemetwhenhewasyoung.A．which B．when C．where D．who2．（2025·福建泉州·一模）—DuringtheParisOlympicGames,theChineseathleteswonatotalof40goldmedals.—Theyaretherolemodelsinthisnewage________weshouldlearnfrom.A．when B．who C．which3．（2025·黑龍江哈爾濱·一模）MyfavoritemovieisNeZha(《哪吒》)byJiaoZi________isoneofthemostfamousfilmdirectorsinChina.A．which B．who C．whose4．（2024·江蘇徐州·一模）—WhichoneisyourMathsteacher?—Overthere!Thetallman______wearsapairofroundglasses.A．who B．which C．what D．where5．（2024·四川成都·三模）SuBingtian,aChinese,isthefirstAsiansportsman__________canfinishrunning100metersinlessthantensecondsA．who B．whom C．which6．（2024·四川成都·三模）Those________donotpreparefortheirfuturewillhardlysucceed.A．who B．which C．whom四、whom引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句1．（23-24九年級上·甘肅天水·期末）Theboywith________Johnistalkingismyelderbrother.A．whom B．who C．that D．which2．（22-23八年級下·山東東營·期末）Thesenewneighbors,to________Iwasintroducedyesterday,havecomeherefromBeijing.A．who B．whom C．that D．what3．（2022·河北承德·模擬預(yù)測）Idon’tknowthegirlto_________youtalkedjustnow.A．which B．who C．whom D．what4．（2024·內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾·一模）Iwondered________whenwewereindangeroussituations.A．whomcouldweaskforhelp B．whycouldweaskforhelpC．whatwecouldaskforhelp D．whomwecouldaskforhelp5．（2022·黑龍江佳木斯·三模）—Doyouknowtheprettygirlwith________yourneighboristalking?—Ofcourse.Sheisaclassmateof________.A．which;me B．who;my C．whom;mine五、whose引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句1．（24-25九年級上·江蘇揚州·期末）Lilydoesn’tknow________shecandotohelpthelittlevictim________parentsbothhavedied.A．that;whose B．what;whose C．what;whom D．how;whom2．（22-23九年級上·江西宜春·期末）Ilovesingers________songsarewrittenbythemselves.Theyarecreative.A．who B．which C．whose D．whom3．（23-24九年級上·安徽淮南·期末）Doyouknowthebook________coverhasabeautifulpictureisMary’s?A．which B．that C．who D．whose4．（23-24九年級上·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·期末）Thebook________coverhasabeautifulpictureisLily’s.A．that B．who C．whom D．whose5.Lilydoesn’tknow________sheandherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy________parentshavelefttheirhometownformakingmoney.A．that;whose B．how;who C．what;who D．what;whose六、多種定語從句關(guān)系詞綜合辨析★that引導(dǎo)賓語從句、who引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句、that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句、which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句（2024·江蘇·三模）Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasadifferentclause?A．Anactressisawomanwhoactsinplaysorfilms.B．IboughtascarfwhichismadeofwoollastSunday.C．Peoplehopethatthepolicewillcatchthemurderersoon.D．ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.★which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句、who引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句（2024·江蘇泰州·二模）—Doyouknowthesong________isverypopularthesedays?—Sure.Itisaboutagirl________askedforhelpwithherhoodie(帽衫)onTikTok.A．that;which B．which;who C．who;which D．who;that★who引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句、which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句、whom引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句、what引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句（23-24九年級上·吉林長春·期末）—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReader,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogram________bringsthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.A．who B．which C．whom D．what★who、whom、whose、whom引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·模擬預(yù)測）Atruefriendreachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.Iwillneverforgetalltheteachersandfriendswith________Ispentfouryears.A．who B．whom C．whose七、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句1．（2024·四川遂寧·二模）Chengduisabigcityin________wecanlearnancientShucultureandenjoymodernlife.A．which B．who C．that D．whom2．（2024·安徽蚌埠·模擬預(yù)測）Canyoulendmethebook________theotherday?A．a(chǎn)boutwhichyoutalked B．whichyoutalkedC．a(chǎn)boutthatyoutalked D．thatyoutalked3．（2024·黑龍江哈爾濱·二模）AsurveyshowsthattheSecretGardenisthebookon________mostChinesepeoplespentmoneyinthepastyear.A．which B．that C．what4．（23-24九年級上·安徽宿州·期末）—Whatkindofcitydoyoulike?—Ipreferthecityin________thepeoplearereallykindandfriendly.A．that B．which C．where D．what5.—Doyouknowtheboywith________Ms.Greenistalking?—Oh,that’sPeter.He’sgoingtomakeaspeechatourgraduationparty.A．that B．what C．whom八、when引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句1．（23-24九年級上·安徽淮南·期末）Tinawon’tforgetthemoment________shesawherfavoritesinger.A．which B．that C．who D．when2．（2024·黑龍江綏化·一模）October1,1949istheday______thePRCwasfounded.A．which B．when C．onthat3．（2023·四川成都·二模）Howtimeflies!I’llmissthedays________westudiedinmiddleschool.A．that B．where C．when4．（2023·全國·模擬預(yù)測）Doyoustillrememberthetime________weworkedtogetherinthesmalltown?A．that B．which C．when D．who九、where引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句1．（2024·四川成都·二模）Theoldmanmissedthesmallvillage________heusedtolive.A．which B．that C．where2．（2024·四川成都·二模）XiaoWang,wewillgraduatefromthisschoolinaboutthreemonths.Ibelievewewillneverforgetthisschool________wehavestudiedforthreeyears.A．where B．which C．who3．（2024·甘肅嘉峪關(guān)·模擬預(yù)測）TheIceRibbonisthevenue(場館)________oneoftheWinterOlympiceventstookplace.A．that B．/ C．where D．which4．（2024·黑龍江哈爾濱·二模）—Istherearestaurantaround________Icanhavesomethingtoeat?—Yes,thereisaChineserestaurantnearhere.A．which B．that C．where5.Onthetopofthehill________theoldmanoncelived.A．a(chǎn)templestandsthereinwhich B．a(chǎn)templestandingonwhichC．doesatemplestandwhere D．standsatemplewhere十、why引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句1．（2024·西藏日喀則·一模）Ididn’tknowthereasons________A．howthewarhappensbetweenIsraeli—Palestinian.B．howdidthewarhappenbetweenIsraeli—Palestinian.C．whythewarhappenedbetweenIsraeli—Palestinian.D．whywasthewarhappenedbetweenIsraeli—Palestinian.2．（2022·黑龍江綏化·模擬預(yù)測）Thereason________hedidn’tcomewas________hewasill.A．why;that B．that;why C．forthat;that3．—Peter,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoknowaboutChina?—Yes,Iamstillwondering________.A．whetheryoulikethebookB．howmanypeoplethereareintheroomC．whytheChinesepeopleliketoplaythedragondanceD．whosehandwritingisthebestinourclass類型二引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句一、which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句1．（2022·四川達(dá)州·一模）Heseemsnottohavegrasped________Imeant,________greatlyupsetsme.A．what;who B．that;that C．what;which D．how;which2．（2022·云南昭通·二模）Doyouknow