初二英語人教版八年級下冊重點知識點歸納寒假預習第四單元初二英語人教版八年級下冊重點知識點歸納寒假預習第四單元一、重點短語1.havefreetime有空閑時間2.allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事3.hangoutwithsb.與某人閑逛4.after-schoolclasses課外活動課5.getintoafightwithsb.與某人吵架/打架6.untilmidnight直到半夜7.talktosb.與某人交談8.toomany太多9.studytoomuch學得過多10.getenoughsleep有足夠的睡眠11.writesb.aletter給某人寫信12.callsb.up打電話給某人13.surprisesb.令某人驚訝14.lookthrough翻看15.beangrywithsb.生某人的氣16.abigdeal重要的事17.workout成功地發展;解決18.getonwith和睦相處;關系良:—————————————————————————————————————————————————————19.fightalot經常吵架/打架20.hangover籠罩21.refusetodosth.拒絕做某事22.offertodosth.主動提出做某事23.sothat以便24.mindsb.doingsth.介意某人做某事25.allthetime一直26.infuture今后27.makesb.angry使某人生氣28.worryaboutsth.擔心某事29.copyone’shomework抄襲某人的作業30.beoneself做自己31.familymembers家庭成員32.spendtimealone獨自消磨時光33.givesb.pressure給某人施壓34.haveafightwithsb.與某人吵架35.competewithsb.與某人競爭36.freetimeactivities業余活動37.getbettergrades取得更好的成績38.giveone’sopinion提出某人的觀點39.learnexamskills學習應試技巧40.practicesports體育訓練—————————————————————————————————————————————————————41.causestress造成壓力42.cutout刪除一.重要詞匯和句型1.get(1)買getsth.forsb.==getsb.sth.為某人買某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?==Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?(2)得到,到達Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.(3)使,讓get+賓語+賓補使某人\某物怎么樣Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人\某物做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.(4)(逐漸)變得?Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?2.howabout\whatabout后跟名詞\代詞\動詞ing形式。(1)向對方提出建議或請求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat?(2)向對方征求意見或看法HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?—————————————————————————————————————————————————————(3)詢問天氣或身體情況HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)談話中承接上下文I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?3.receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom==getaletterfrom==heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.==IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.==IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldn’tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Hedidn’treceiveagoodeducationatuniversity.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.4.a6--year–oldchild一個六歲的孩子6--year–old是由“數詞+名詞+形容詞”構成的復合形容詞,作前置定語,修飾后面的名詞child.數詞+名詞+形容詞構成的復合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數形—————————————————————————————————————————————————————式:afive-year-oldgirl一個五歲的女孩atwo-meter-longruler一把兩米長的尺子aten-story-highbuilding一棟十層高的樓房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典5.too?to?太??而不能??too后跟形容詞或副詞原形,to后跟動詞原形,構成不定式.句子的主語與動詞不定的主語不一時,可以在動詞不定式前加邏輯主語forsb.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy(軍隊).他年紀太小，不能去參軍。Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.這道數學題對我來說太難了，做不出。too?to?可以與enoughto和so?that?轉換.與enoughto轉換時,enough前的形容詞,副詞必須是too后面形容詞,副詞的反義詞,并使用其否定句式.Sheistooyoungtodothework.==sheisn’toldenoughtodothework.與so?that?轉換時,that后面的從句要用否定形式.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.==Tomissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther.—————————————————————————————————————————————————————6.cost1)動詞,花費\價值(多少錢)Howmuchdiditcost?這花了多少錢,Ididn’tbuyitbecauseitcosttoomuch.我沒有買，因為它太貴了。Themealcostusabout100yuan.這頓飯花費了我大約100塊3.7.pay,spend,cost,take的區別pay花費(多少錢),主語是人.Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.Ipaid5000yuanforthecomputerlastweek.我上個星期花了5000買電腦。Spend花費(多少錢或時間),主語是人.Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.Sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.Ispent5000yuanonthecomputerlastweek.Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.她花了2個小時做作業。cost花費(多少錢),主語是物.Sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.這件夾克衫花費她200美元。take花費(時間),主語為ItIttakessb.sometimetodosth.花費某人多少時間做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花費某人多少時間做某事?IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.劉紅花了2個小時—————————————————————————————————————————————————————做作業。8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleepsleep動詞,睡覺,強調動作.Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.我很累，想睡覺。sleeping,Sleep的現在分詞,表示“正在睡覺”Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要這么吵，寶寶在睡覺。sleepy想睡覺的,困倦的.Iamalittlesleepy.I’dliketogotobed.我有點困了，我想去床上睡覺了。asleep睡著了的.TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.老師發現湯姆上課睡覺，放學后就把他留了下來。fallasleep強調從沒有睡著到睡著的過程,不能接一段時間Icouldn’tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡著。beasleep表示睡著后的狀態,“睡著了”,可以接一段時間.Hewasasleepforthreehours.他睡了3個小時。9.choose動詞,“選擇,挑選”,過去式chose,過去分詞chosenchoosetodosth.選擇做某事—————————————————————————————————————————————————————WechooseMikeasourleader(領導).我們選擇邁克作為我們的領導。Willyouhelpmechooseadictionary?你會幫我選一本字典嗎,10.open(1)動詞,打開,開業,開張,展現Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意我把窗戶打開嗎,(2)形容詞,beopen開著的,開放的Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.在周末，這個游泳池是對公眾開放的。close動詞,關閉,關上,合上closed形容詞,beclosed關著的,關閉的11.ratherthan而不是??后面跟名詞,代詞,從句Thecolorseemsgreenratherthanblue.這種顏色看上去像綠色而不是藍色。Wedependonyouratherthanonhim.我們依賴的是你父親而不是他。prefertodosthratherthandosth.寧愿??,也不??Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthangowithus.她寧愿待在家里也不愿和我們一起去。12.instead(1)位于句首,表示“反而,相反”Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight，instead,IwatchedafootballmatchonTV.我昨天晚上沒有去看電影，反而是在家里看了場足球賽。(2)位于句尾,表示“作為代替,而是”—————————————————————————————————————————————————————Idon’tlikethisone,pleasegivemethatinstead.我不喜歡這件，給我那件吧。insteadof后跟名詞,代詞,動名詞,介詞短語.表示“代替,而不是”Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator(電梯).我們不是坐電梯下