PowerElectronicsTechnology電力電子技術(shù)1.內(nèi)容簡介本章主要介紹電力電子的應(yīng)用和地位、電力電子技術(shù)在能量和環(huán)境的作用、電力電子接口的結(jié)構(gòu)和電力電子在目前和未來的發(fā)展。2.文中涉及理論知識(shí)可參考《電力電子技術(shù)》中的有關(guān)內(nèi)容。3.生詞與短語1.powern.電力,功率2.amplituden.幅度3.convertern.轉(zhuǎn)換器4.adjustable-speed調(diào)速5.encompassv.包含，擁有6.flexibleadj.柔性的7.magnituden.量值8.sinusoidaladj.正弦的9.utilityn.中心電站10.weldingn.焊接11.ventilatev.使通風(fēng)12.pumpn.泵13.throttlen.節(jié)流閥14.compressorn.

壓縮機(jī)

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15.thermaladj.熱的16.fluorescentadj.熒光的17.incandescentadj.白熾的18.mileagen.里程19.renewableadj.可恢復(fù)的20.photovoltaicadj.光電的21.depictv.描述22.subsetn.子系統(tǒng)23.matrixn.矩陣24.dictatev.規(guī)定，決定

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25.isolationn.隔離26.Powersupply電源27.transformern.變壓器28.cyclen.周期29.constantn.常數(shù)30.modulatev.調(diào)制31.filern.濾波器32.inductorn.電感器33.attenuation

n.衰減34.plethoran.過多，過剩

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35.maintenancen.維護(hù)，保養(yǎng)36.modulen.模塊37.lossn.損耗38.topologyn.拓?fù)?.重點(diǎn)句子翻譯[1]Theelectricalsourceandtheelectricalloadcan,andoftendo,differinfrequency,voltageamplitudesandthenumberofphases.

電源和負(fù)載經(jīng)常能做到在頻率、電壓幅度及相位值方面的不同。

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[2]Thepowerelectronicsinterfacefacilitatesthetransferofpowerfromthesourcetotheloadbyconvertingvoltagesandcurrentsfromoneformtoanother,inwhichitispossibleforthesourceandloadtoreverseroles.

電力電子線路接口方便了功率從電源到負(fù)載的傳輸,它把電壓和電流從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種形式,從電源到負(fù)載其可能扮演著反向的角色。

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[3]Mostoftheconsumerelectronicequipmentssuchaspersonalcomputers(PCs)andentertainmentsystemssuppliedfromtheutilitymainsinternallyneedverylowDCvoltages.They,therefore,requirepowerconvertersworkingintheformofswitch-modeforconvertingtheinputlinevoltageintoaregulatedlowDCvoltage.大部分消費(fèi)電子設(shè)備，如由電站干線供電的個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)及娛樂系統(tǒng)，其內(nèi)部需要很低的直流電壓。因此，要求功率轉(zhuǎn)換器工作在開關(guān)模式，把輸入的線路電壓轉(zhuǎn)換為可調(diào)整的低的直流電壓。

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[4]Roboticsandflexibleproductionarenowessentialtoindustrialcompetitivenessinaglobaleconomy.Theseapplicationsrequireadjustablespeeddrivesforprecisespeedandpositioncontrol.在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，機(jī)器人學(xué)和柔性產(chǎn)品對(duì)于工業(yè)競爭來說是必不可少的。這些應(yīng)用要求調(diào)速驅(qū)動(dòng)用于精確的速度和位置控制。

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[5]Theroleofthepowerelectronicsinterface,asapower-processingunit,istoprovidetherequiredvoltagetothemotor.Inthecaseofadcmotor,dcvoltageofadjustablemagnitudeissuppliedtocontrolthespeedofthemotor.作為功率處理單元，電力電子線路接口的角色是提供電動(dòng)機(jī)工作所需的電壓。就直流電動(dòng)機(jī)而然，它提供可調(diào)節(jié)幅度的直流電壓，從而控制電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速。

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[6]InthecaseofaDCmotor,DCvoltageofadjustablemagnitudeissuppliedtocontrolthespeedofthemotor.Inthecaseofanacmotor,thepowerelectronicsinterfaceprovidessinusoidalacvoltageswithadjustableamplitudeandfrequencytocontrolthespeedofthemotor.就直流電動(dòng)機(jī)而然，幅度可調(diào)的直流電壓用于控制電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速。就交流電動(dòng)機(jī)而然，電力電子接口提供幅度和頻率可調(diào)的正弦電壓用于控制電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速。

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[7]Traditionally,motor-drivensystemsrunatanearlyconstantspeedandtheiroutput,forexample,flowrateinapump,iscontrolledbywastingaportionoftheinputenergyacrossathrottlingvalve.

傳統(tǒng)的電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行在幾乎恒定的轉(zhuǎn)速條件下。它們的輸出，如水泵的流量控制，是通過消耗部分節(jié)流閥門輸入的能量來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

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[8]Comparedtoincandescentlightbulbs,high-frequencycompactfluorescentlamps(CFLs)improveefficiencybyafactoroffour,lastmuchlonger(severalthousandhoursmore),andtheirrelativecost,althoughhighatpresent,isdropping.高頻密集型熒光燈與白熾燈相比，效率提升了3倍，壽命更長久（幾千小時(shí)以上）。雖然它們的相對(duì)成本目前高些，但是正在下降。

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[9]Addtoautomobilesothertransportationsystems,suchaslightrail,fly-by-wireplanes,all-electricalshipsanddrive-by-wireautomobiles,representamajorapplicationareaofpowerelectronics.除了汽車，其它的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，如輕軌、遙控自動(dòng)駕駛飛機(jī)、純電動(dòng)輪船以及電動(dòng)汽車都代表了電力電子學(xué)的一個(gè)主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。

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[10]Cleanandrenewableenergycanbederivedfromthesunandthewind.Inphotovoltaicsystems,solarcellsproducedc,andapowerelectronicsinterfaceisrequiredtotransferthepowertotheutilitysystem,asshowninFig.4-8.清潔和可再生的能源可來源于太陽和風(fēng)。在光伏系統(tǒng)中，太陽能電池產(chǎn)生直流電，需要電力電子接口將電能傳輸?shù)焦搽娬鞠到y(tǒng)，如圖4-8所示。

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[11]Uninterruptiblepowersupplies(UPS)areusedforcriticalloadsthatmustnotbeinterruptedduringpoweroutage.

不間斷電源(UPS)被用于重要的負(fù)載，在電源斷電期間使負(fù)載電源不中斷。[12]Inthevoltage-linkstructure,theroleoftheutility-sideconverteristoconvertline-frequencyutilityvoltagestoanunregulateddcvoltage.Thiscanbedonebyadiode-rectifiercircuitlikethatdiscussedinbasicelectronicscourses.

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在壓鏈?zhǔn)浇Y(jié)構(gòu)中，公共電站側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)換器的作用是把線頻公共電壓轉(zhuǎn)換為可調(diào)整的直流電壓。如同基礎(chǔ)電子學(xué)課程所討論的，這能通過二極管整流器電路實(shí)現(xiàn)。[13]High-frequencypulsesareclearlyneededinapplicationssuchascompactfluorescentlamps,inductionheating,andinDCpowersupplieswhereelectricalisolationisachievedbymeansofahigh-frequencytransformer.

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在諸如密集型熒光燈、感應(yīng)加熱的應(yīng)用中，以及通過高頻變壓器實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣隔離的內(nèi)部直流電源中，高頻脈沖是顯然所需的。[14]Thecontrolovertheswitching-cycle-averagedvalueoftheoutputvoltageisachievedbyadjustingormodulatingthepulsewidth,whichlateronwillbereferredtoaspulse-width-modulation(PWM).通過調(diào)節(jié)或調(diào)制脈沖的寬度，能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)輸出電壓開關(guān)周期平均值的控制，后者被稱之為脈沖寬度調(diào)制。

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[15]Therehasbeenasteadyimprovementinthevoltageandcurrenthandlingcapabilitiesofsolid-statedevicessuchasdiodesandtransistors,andtheirswitchingspeeds(fromontooff,andviceversa)haveincreaseddramatically,withsomedevicesswitchingintensofns.固態(tài)器件的電壓和電流控制容量已經(jīng)有一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的進(jìn)步，如二極管、晶體管以及它們的開關(guān)速度（從開到關(guān)，反之亦然）已經(jīng)顯著地增加，一些器件的開關(guān)時(shí)間只有幾十納秒。

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[16]Thesesemiconductorswitchesareintegratedinasinglepackagewithallthecircuitryneededtomakethemswitch,andtoprovidethenecessaryprotection.這些半導(dǎo)體開關(guān)和需要它們開關(guān)及提供必要保護(hù)的全部電路一起集成在一個(gè)獨(dú)立的封裝里。[17]BasedonthefunctionalspecificationsofPEBBandtheperformancerequirementsoftheintendedapplications,thePEBBdesigneraddressesthedetails

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ofdevicestresses,strayinductances,switchingspeed,losses,thermalmanagement,protection,measurementsofrequiredvariables,controlinterfaces,andpotentialintegrationissuesatalllevels.基于電力電子構(gòu)建框架的功能詳述，以及所計(jì)劃應(yīng)用的性能要求，電力電子構(gòu)建框架的設(shè)計(jì)者訪問了器件應(yīng)力、開關(guān)速度、損耗、熱管理、保護(hù)、所要求變量的測量、控制界面以及各種水平的潛在集成出版物的細(xì)節(jié)。

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[18]Significantareasforpotentialadvancementsinpowerelectronicsystemsareinintegratedandintelligentpowermodules,packaging,SIC-basedsolid-statedevices,improvedhighenergydensitycapacitors,andimprovedtopologiesandcontrol.在電力電子系統(tǒng)中，具有潛在提升的重要領(lǐng)域是集成和智能化的功率模塊、封裝、基于SIC的固態(tài)器件、改進(jìn)的大能量密度電容器以及改進(jìn)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)與控制。

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5.重點(diǎn)段落翻譯[1]第40頁第2段落“Roboticsandflexibleproductionarenowessentialtoindustrialcompetitiveness……

betweentheutilityandthemotor-load.”

在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)下，機(jī)器人和柔性產(chǎn)品對(duì)于工業(yè)競爭來說是必須的。這些應(yīng)用要求調(diào)速傳動(dòng)用于精密的速度和位置控制。圖4-4所示為調(diào)速傳動(dòng)框圖，圖中交流輸入是一個(gè)線電壓頻率為50Hz或60Hz的單相或三相公用電源。電力電子接口的角色是作為一個(gè)功率處理單元提供所要求的電壓