UNIT12INNOVATIONLESSON1

SCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHSSCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHSActivity1ACTIVATEANDSHAREWhatdoyouthinkarethemostimportantinventionsordiscoveriesofthe20thcentury?Canyounameafewinventors?Whatmakesthemgreat? premier

scientistpioneersofthe20thcenturytobecommitted

to

tobeinspiredbytobeproposedbytoimprovethequalityofhumanlife

ACTIVATEANDSHAREActivity2Readthetextaboutsomeofthepioneersinscienceduringthe20thcentury.Whatdiscoveriesarementioned?Whomadethem? Ifyouhadtochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury，youwouldhavearealproblemonyourhands.Injust100years，theworldhaschangedcompletely.Amazingdiscoveriesweremadeinmedicine，communicationsandtransport，nottomention

ourknowledgeoftheworldandspace.Medicaladvancesrangedfrom

discoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopes

tostagingoperationstoreplacediseasedorganswithdonated

ones.Communicationschangedwiththeintroductionofmobilephones，andthewaywecorrespond

wentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsendinginstant

messages.Westartedflyingaroundtheworld，launching

satellites

intoorbit

and，atthesametime，scientistsfiguredout

howtosplit

theatom，previouslythoughttobethesmallestparticle

ofmatterintheuniverse.Althoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportantdiscovery，itispossibletosingleout

afewpioneersofthe20thcentury.Herearesomeofthem.Oneofthe20thcentury’spremierscientistswasAlbertEinstein.Inthesummerof1905，thisoutspoken

youngmanwasrockinghisone-year-oldbabywhenhewassuddenlyinspired.Subsequently,“E=mc2”wasborn.Itshowedhowasmallpieceofmasscouldproduceanunbelievableamountofenergy.Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity”thatnoteventime，massorlengthareconstant—theychangeaccordingtoourexperienceofthem. In1929，anotherimportantfinding

wasmadebybiologist

AlexanderFleming.Beforehewentonholiday，Flemingleftadishofbacteriainhislaboratory.Whenhecameback，henoticedsomethingstrange.Hedouble-checkedandsawabluemould

inthedisharoundwhichthebacteriahadbeendestroyed.Thisbluemouldwasinfactthenaturalformofpenicillin，whichFlemingperceived

couldbeusedtokillbacteria.Afewyearslater，penicillinwasbeingmass-producedandhelpingtosavethelivesofmillions.Flemingremainedhumble

abouttheamazingoutcome

ofhisdiscovery.“Naturemadepenicillin,”hesaid,Ijustfoundit.”DuringWorldWarⅡ，whenFleming’sdiscoverywasfirsthelpingtocurepeople，theUSNavy

waslookingforwaysofimprovingtheaccuracy

oftheirmissiles.ThenavyturnedtoEckert，anengineer，andMauchly，aphysicist，todealwiththeproblemandproduceamachinetodothejobinajoint

effort.Althoughtheyonlyfinishedafterthewarin1946，itdidnotmatter.Thishugemachinewastheworld’sfirstcomputer，butitwasnothinglikeourcomputerstoday.Itmeasured100feetlongbyover10feethighandweighedover30，000kilograms.With18，000tubes，thousandsofcircuits

and6，000switches，itusedsomuchenergythatwhenitwasturnedon，thelightsinthelocaltownwentout!Withthedevelopmentofcomputers，peopleexpectedtogetmorethingsdoneefficiently.DuringtheColdWar，a“hugenetwork”ofcomputerswasproposed

bytwoAmericanscientists.Withcomputerstalkingtooneanother，itwouldenablegovernmentleaderstocommunicatewitheachother.Bytheendofthe1960s，somemini-networkswereestablished，butonlyafewcomputerscouldconnecttothem.In1990，TimBerners-LeeinventedtheWorldWideWeb，whichenabledcomputersallovertheworldtocommunicatewitheachother.Nowadays，lifewithouttheInternetformostpeopleisunimaginable.Thesepioneersofthe20thcenturywerealldedicatedto

improvingthequalityofhumanlifeonEarth.Humanlifeonthisplanethasbeentransformedintoa“globalvillage”，withallthedifferentcountrieslinkedinthechainofcommoninterests.Thereisnodoubtaboutit.Withoutthebreakthroughsofthesepioneersinscienceandtechnology，whetherluckyorplanned，theworldasweknowittodaywouldbea

completelydifferentplace. Matchthediscoveriesorinventions（1-4）withhowtheycameaboutActivity31

E=mc22

penicillin3

thefirstcomputer4

theInterneta

therewasaluckyaccidentb

scientistsworkedtogetherasateamc

differentscientistsworkedonitformanyyearsd

ascientistwasinspiredGroupWorkFindinformationabouthowthefollowingthingswereinvented/discovered.Organisetheinformationinyourownway.ThenActivity4Activity5WriteT（true），F（false）orNI（noinformation）inbrackets.（）1

Itisnoteasytochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury.（）2

Anatomisthesmallestparticleofmatter.（）3

Einsteinwasatworkwhenhethoughtoftheequation“E=mc2”.（）4

Einsteinparticipatedintheprogrammethatdevelopedthenuclearbomb.（）5

Einsteinobservedchangesintime，sizeandmass.（）6

Fleminghadbeenstudyingbacteriainhislaboratorywhenthediscoveryhappened.（）7

Flemingdevelopedtheprocessofmakingpenicillin.（）8

Thefirstcomputerprojectfailedtomeetitsoriginalgoal.（）9

Thefirstcomputerwasextremelydifficulttoprogramme.（）10

Computerscouldnotconnecttoeachotherbefore1990. T

F

F

NI

T

FNI

T

NI

F

Activity6GroupWorkThinkandshare.Whichdiscoveryorinventionmentionedinthetexthasbeenthemostimportantsofar?Why?2

Whichdiscoveryorinventionwillmostinfluencethefuture?Why?3

Howdidthewriterconnecttheparagraphs?Circlethesignalwordsorphrases. Line12：Although...Herearesomeofthem.Line15：Oneofthe20thcentury’spremierscientistswas...Line24：...anotherimportantfinding...Line34：...whenFleming’sdiscoverywas...Line49：Withthedevelopmentofcomputers...Line57：Thesepioneers... Activity7GroupWorkEachmemberwritesashortsummaryaboutoneofthediscoveriesorinventionsfromthefollowingaspects.Thensharewithothermembers.Thewholegroupworkstogethertoeditthesummariesbeforeputtingthemtogethertomakeaposter. Activity8Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsbelow. orbitmissileenablelaunchaccuracyscientificmicroscopeinventorbiologistIreallydon’tknowwhatIwanttodowhenIleaveschool.Mydadisacomputerengineerworkingontheimprovementofthe1

oftheNavy’s2

.Iwouldliketofollowinhisfootsteps，butthenI’dhavetositinfrontofacomputerallday.Mymumisa3

，butitseemstomethatallshedoesislookingatbacteriathrougha4

.Allthatstuffabout5

findingsthatsavepeople’slivesisprettyinteresting，butIthinkImightbemoreinterestedinstudyingmedicine.Butthenagain，myuncleisascientistandheisalwaystalkingabout6____________

satellitesinto7

.Ifindthisveryexciting.IknowwhatIwanttobe!Icouldbean8

!Icouldcomeupwithhundredsofinventionsthatwill9_________

peopletolivebetterlives.But...Idon’tthinkthere’sauniversitycourseforinventors.MaybeIshouldjustfindoutwhatIreallylikefirst. accuracymissilesbiologistmicroscopescientificlaunchingorbitinventorenableFOCUSONLANGUAGE:ADJECTIVESActivity9Completethesentenceswithadjectivesfromthetext. WordBuilderAdjectivesIfyouhadtochoosethe

mostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury...2

...thewaywecorrespondwentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsending

messages.3

...itis

tosingleoutafewpioneersofthe20thcentury....this

youngmanwasrockinghis

babywhenhewassuddenlyinspired.5

In1929，another

findingwasmadeby......theworldasweknowittodaywouldbeacompletely

place.singleinstantpossibleoutspoken

one-year-oldimportantdifferentActivity10StudythesentencesinActivity9.Answerthequestions.Ifthereismorethanoneadjectivebeforeanoun，whatistheorderoftheadjectives?2

Whatwordscanbeusedtomodify

adjectives?3

Findsomecompoundadjectives.Howaretheyformed?4

Whichoftheadjectivesarecomparableadjectives?Whicharenon-comparableadjectives? Ifthereismorethanoneadjectivebeforeanoun，opinionadjectivesusuallygobeforefactadjectives.Adverbscanmodifyadjectives.Forexample，“one-year-old”and“strong-willed”arecompoundadjectives.Theyareformedwhentwoormoreadjectivesarejoinedtogetherbyoneormorehyphens.Adjectivesthatshowquality，opinion，size，shapeorcolourarecomparable.Adjectivesthatshowquantity，number，nationalityormaterialarenon-comparable.

Activity11Searchonlinetofindthemajordiscoveriesandinventionsofthe21thcentury.Whichdoyouthinkisthemostimportant?Why? EXPRESSYOURSELFLanguagepoints核心詞匯題組練·領悟方法教材原句p.52SCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHS科學突破1scientificadj.科學（上）的ascientificdiscovery科學發現scientificknowledge科學知識Thescientificinnovationisbeneficialtothewholefactory.科學創新對全廠都有益。［詞匯復現］【詞語積累】scientistn.科學家sciencen.科學scientificallyadv.科學（上）地Thescientistshavemadegreatscientificbreakthroughsinthefieldofscience.科學家們在科學領域取得了重大的科學突破。

單句語法填空（1）［詞匯復現］The

（science）isgiftedininnovationandhasmadegreatcontributionstoourcountry.（2）［詞匯復現］Wehavefoundfurther

（science）evidenceforthistheory.（3）However，thisentireconceptionis

（science）inaccurate.（4）Ingeneral，

（science）don’thavemuchfreetimeas

（science）researchtakesalmostalltheirtime.

scientistscientificscientifically

scientists

scientific教材原句p.52Amazingdiscoveriesweremadeinmedicine，communicationsandtransport，nottomentionourknowledgeoftheworldandspace.醫學、通信和交通方面都有驚人的發現，更別提我們對世界和太空的認識了。2nottomention更不用說HeknowsFrenchandGerman，nottomentionEnglish.他熟悉法語和德語，更不用說英語了。Heknowslittleaboutthetechnique，nottomentionmakinginnovationinit.他對這項技術知之甚少，更不用說對它創新了。［詞匯復現］Wecan’taffordacar，nottomentionthefactthatwehavenogarage.我們買不起汽車，更不用說我們沒有車庫的事實了。【詞語積累】

近義詞組：letaloneThebabycan’tevensitupyet，letalonewalk.這個嬰兒甚至都不會坐，更不用說走了。 完成句子（1）Hehastwobighousesinthiscountry，

（更不用說）hisapartmentinFrance.（2）It’stoofartowalk，

（更不用說）thefactthatit’llprobablybeclosedbynowanyway.翻譯句子（3）Pollutionhasanegativeeffectonthehealthofeveryonelivinginthecity，nottomentionthedamagetotheenvironment.______________________________________________________________________________

nottomentionnottomention污染對生活在這個城市里的每個人的健康都有負面影響，更不用說對環境的破壞了。原句p.52Medicaladvancesrangedfromdiscoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopestostagingoperationstoreplacediseasedorganswithdonatedones.醫學上的進步范圍很廣，從利用顯微鏡揭示病因、施行手術，到用捐贈的器官置換病變的器官。3rangefromAtoB包括從A到B之間的各類事物Shehashadanumberofdifferenttemporaryjobs，rangingfromcheftoswimminginstructor.她做過許多不同的臨時性工作，從廚師到游泳教練。［詞匯復現］【歸納拓展】rangebetweenAandB在A和B之間變化arangeof一系列within/inrange（ofsth）在（……）可及的范圍內

outofrange（ofsth）超出（……）范圍Thepricesofthetrousershererangebetween30yuanand1，300yuan.這里褲子的價格從30元到1300元不等。Thecatstayedwelloutofrangeofthechildren.這只貓離孩子們遠遠的。

單句語法填空（1）Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，

（range）frombutterfliestoelephants.（2）Itisstatedinthereportthattheageoftheapplicantsshouldrangefrom21

23.（3）Estimatesofthedamagerangebetween$1million

$5million.完成句子（4）Takeiteasy!Yourbloodpressureiswell

（在正常范圍內）.（5）［詞匯復現］Thepricesofthebreadinthisbakery_________________________________

（在5元到20元之間）. （6）Thecoatis

（我買不起）.

rangingtoandwithin/inthenormalrangerangebetween5yuanand20yuan/rangefrom5yuanto20yuanoutofmypricerange4donatevi.&vt.捐獻（器官），獻（血）；捐贈，捐獻 donate...to...將……捐贈給……搭配： donateblood獻血 donateorgans捐獻器官Hedonatedalargesumofmoneytohelptheorphans.他捐了一大筆錢來幫助那些孤兒。［詞匯復現］Everyyearwedonatemanybookstothechildrenintheremotemountainousarea.每年我們都捐贈很多書給偏遠山區的孩子們。［詞匯復現］【詞語積累】donationn.捐贈物；捐贈makeadonationto向……捐贈donorn.捐贈者近義詞：contribute（只能表示捐獻財物，不表示獻血或捐獻器官） 單句語法填空（1）Theschoolmasterurgedthatweshoulddonatesomebooks

thechildreninthepoorarea.（2）Hemadeagenerous

（donate）tothecharity.（3）Allthe

（donate）moneywillbeusedtohelpthehomelesschildren.完成句子（4）Theretiredman

（把他的大部分積蓄捐給了）theschoolsdamagedbytheearthquake.（5）［詞匯復現］Thechildreninthestorm-strickenareashowedtheirappreciationforthemoneyandgoodswe

（向他們捐獻）intheirletters. todonationdonateddonatedmostofhissavingstohaddonatedtothem教材原句p.52...thewaywecorrespondwentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsendinginstantmessages.……我們的通信方式從寫信到發電子郵件和發送即時信息。5correspondvi.通信；符合，一致，相對應；相當于 correspondwithsb與某人通信搭配

correspondto/with與……相符 correspondto相當于

Althoughhestaysabroadalone，hefrequentlycorrespondswithhisfriends.盡管他獨自一人待在國外，但是他常和他的朋友們通信。［詞匯復現］Hisactionsdonotcorrespondto/withhiswords.他言行不一致。Thefunctionofthismachinecorrespondstothatofthehumanbrain.這種機器的作用就相當于人腦的作用。【詞語積累】correspondingadj.符合的；相應的；相關的單句語法填空（1）We’vecorresponded

eachotherbyemailforyears.（2）Profitshaverisenby15percentcomparedwiththe

（correspond）periodlastyear.完成句子（3）Shestill

（和……通信）friendsshemetinMajorcanineyearsago.（4）TheAmericanCongress

（相當于）theBritishParliament.（5）［詞匯復現］Theresultofthescientificexperimentdoesn’t

（與……相符）whatwepredicted.withcorrespondingcorrespondswithcorrespondstocorrespondto/with6instant（1）adj.立刻的，馬上的；速食的，速溶的，方便的instantcoffee速溶咖啡instantnoodles方便面Ifeltinstantreliefaftertakingacoupleoftablets.服用了幾片藥以后我立即感到輕松了。（2）n.［C］瞬間，片刻；某一時刻 theinstant（that）一……就……（相當于assoonas）搭配 foraninstant一瞬間（指動作持續的時間） inaninstant立即，馬上（指動作不久將發生）

Irecognisedhertheinstant（that）Isawher.我一眼就認出她來了。Hefrozewithshockforaninstant.剎那間他驚呆了。［詞匯復現］【詞語積累】instantlyadv.立即；馬上；即刻Sheisgiftedinpickingupatuneinstantlyonthepiano.她很有天賦，聽到曲子就能馬上用鋼琴彈出來。［詞匯復現］Hegotintoapanicinstantlyhesawsmokerisingfromhisroom.他看到他的房間里冒出了煙，頓時驚慌起來。［詞匯復現］ 單句語法填空（1）Thebirdsflewawayinalldirections

instanttheycaughtsightofamancomingnear.（2）Theseboysandgirlsjumpedwithjoy

（instant）thechairmanannouncedtheresultofthegame. （3）［詞匯復現］Therepresentativesoftheinterna-tionalcompanywillarrive

aninstantandweshouldgetpreparedtogreetthem.（4）［詞匯復現］Hestoodthere

aninstantandthenmadeuphismindtodonatebloodtothepoorboy.完成句子（5）Theshowwas

（立即成功了）.

theinstantlyinforaninstantsuccess教材原句p.52Westartedflyingaroundtheworld，launchingsatellitesintoorbit...

我們開始坐飛機周游世界，把人造衛星發射至軌道……7launchv.（1）發射；發動，發起，開始從事；使（船，尤指新船）下水launchacommunicationssatellite發射通信衛星launchaninvestigation開始調查launchanattack發起攻擊launchanationalcampaignagainstsmoking發起一場全國性的禁煙運動AnotherChinesedesignedandbuiltshipwasrecentlylaunched.又一艘中國設計制造的船最近下水了。（2）（首次）上市，發行Hetookadvantageofhissportingbackgroundtolaunchanewbrandofsportswear.他利用他的體育背景推出了一種新品牌的運動服。Thecompanylaunchedaninvestigationintothemarketdemandanddecidedtolaunchtheirnewproduct.這家公司調查了市場需求，決定推出他們的新產品。 單句語法填空（1）Thenewmodelwill

（launch）inJuly.（2）［詞匯復現］Withaninstantcampaign

（launch）atmidnightlastnight，thosepeopleinthehotelwerearrested.完成句子（3）Theorganisationhas

（發起一場活動）toraisemoney.（4）Thepoliceareplanningto

（開始調查）intothemurder.（5）He

（創辦了一個企業）whenhewas30yearsold.（6）We

（發射了另一顆衛星）lastmonth.belaunchedlaunchedlaunchedacampaignlaunchaninvestigationlaunchedabusinesslaunchedanothersatellite教材原句p.52...scientistsfiguredouthowtosplittheatom...……科學家們發現了如何分裂原子……8figureout計算出；弄清楚，理解Hecouldn’tfigureoutallthemoneyheinvestedinhisson’scompany.他已經算不出他在他兒子的公司投入了多少錢。［詞匯復現］Ihavefiguredouttheprocedureofcomplaint.我已弄清楚投訴的程序了。［詞匯復現］Isimplycouldn’tfigureouthisresolution.我簡直揣摩不透他的決定。［詞匯復現］【詞語積累】figuren.（繪畫或故事中的）人，動物；塑像；人物；人影；身材；數字；圖形；（書中的）圖，表aleading/key/centralfigure領軍/關鍵/核心人物atallfigureinahat一個戴帽子的高個子人影keepone’sfigure保持身材afive-sidedfigure五邊形 Shehasagoodfigure.她身材很好。Thefigureofthefiguresonshowis108.正在展出的雕像數是108。Thecentralfigureinthepaintingistheartist’sdaughter.畫中間那個人物是畫家的女兒。

完成句子（1）Ifyoudon’tunderstand，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeopleuntilyou

（弄清楚它）.（2）［詞匯復現］Hehasn’t

（弄明白該如何）beproductiveintheoffice.寫出下列句子中figure的含義（3）［詞匯復現］Sheinstantlyrevealedhersecretofkeepingherfiguretome.___________

（4）TsinghuaUniversityishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.___________

（5）Bylastmonth，thisfigurehadrisento14million.___________（6）Lastnighthesawtwodarkfiguresenterthebuilding.

___________figureitoutfiguredouthowto身材人物數字人影教材原句p.52Subsequently，“E=mc2”wasborn.隨后，“E=mc2”誕生了。9subsequentlyadv.后來，隨后（近義詞later；afterwards）Theoriginalinterviewnotesweresubsequentlylost.采訪記錄原稿后來丟失了。Subsequently，newguidelineswerereleasedtoallsurgeons.隨后，新的準則發放給了所有外科醫生。［詞匯復現］Thebookwassubsequentlytranslatedinto15languages.這本書后來被翻譯成了15種語言。【詞語積累】subsequentadj.隨后的；隨著發生的Developmentsonthisissuewillbedealtwithinasubsequentreport.這個問題的發展將在以后的報道中予以說明。 單句語法填空（1）［詞匯復現］Althoughhe

（subsequent）becameasuccessfulbusinessman，heneverforgotthebitterdayswhenhehadpickedupsomethingtoeatinthegarbage.（2）Hesaidhewasadoctor，butit

（subsequent）turnedoutthathewasacheat.完成句子（3）［詞匯復現］

（他們后來聽說）hehadmadeagreatscientificbreakthrough.

subsequentlysubsequentlyTheysubsequentlyheard教材原句p.52Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity”thatnoteventime，massorlengthareconstant...愛因斯坦隨后在他的“相對論”中指出，即使是時間、質量或長度也不是恒定不變的……10constant（1）adj.恒久不變的；持續不斷的，經常發生的aconstantstreamofvisitors絡繹不絕的游客keepinconstantcontactwithsb一直與某人保持聯系travelataconstantspeed以恒定速度行駛Theconstantfrictionbetweentheyoungcouplefinallycauseddivorce.這對年輕夫妻之間經常的沖突最終導致了離婚。［詞匯復現］（2）n.常量，恒量，常數Thespeedoflightisanimportantconstant.光速是一個重要的常數。【詞語積累】

constantlyadv.始終；一直；重復不斷地constancyn.堅定不移；恒久不變Itisannoyingthatthedirectionofthewindisconstantlychanging.風向一直變化，真煩人。［詞匯復現］ 單句語法填空（1）［詞匯復現］Weare

（constant）workingtoimproveaccesstothegalleryanditscollectionsdisplayed.（2）［詞匯復現］Scientistsare

（constant）developingnewtechnologyandtheymakescientificbreakthroughsfromtimetotime.完成句子（3）［詞匯復現］Iamfedupwithhis

（沒完沒了的抱怨）.（4）Inourworldnothing

（似乎是永恒不變的）.（5）［詞匯復現］TheForbiddenCityappealsto

（絡繹不絕的游客）everyday，especiallyduringnationalholidays.

constantlyconstantlyconstantcomplaintsseemsconstantaconstantstreamofvisitors教材原句p.53Thisbluemouldwasinfactthenaturalformofpenicillin，whichFlemingperceivedcouldbeusedtokillbacteria.這種藍色的霉菌實際上是自然狀態的青霉素，弗萊明認為它可以用來殺死細菌。11perceivevt.察覺，注意到，發覺；認為搭配

perceive...as/tobe...認為……是…… perceivethat...注意到……

Wecanperceivehissorrowandannoyancebythelooksonhisface.我們從他臉上的表情可以察覺出他的悲傷和氣憤。［詞匯復現］Indeed，thisproblemisgreaterthanyoumayperceive.確實，這個問題遠大于你所能感知到的。Theyperceivetelevisionasentertainment.他們將電視視為娛樂。［詞匯復現］Adultslearnwhattheyperceivetobebeneficialintheirlifesituations.成年人學習他們認為對其生活處境有幫助的東西。［詞匯復現］【誤區警示】

perceive不能用于進行時態。 單句語法填空（1）Oftenwhat

（perceive）tobeaggressiveissimplyfear.完成句子（2）Childrenwhodobadlyinschooltestsoften____________________________________

（認為自己是失敗者）. （3）［詞匯復現］Nobodyseemedto

（注意到）theboyshouldanswerviolencewithviolence.（4）Thatmorning，he

（注意到變化）inFranca’smood.

isperceivedperceivethemselvesas/tobefailuresperceivethatperceivedachange教材原句p.53Flemingremainedhumbleabouttheamazingoutcomeofhisdiscovery.弗萊明對他這一發現的驚人結果保持謙虛的態度。12outcomen.結果，后果Noonecouldhavepredictedthefinaloutcome.誰也沒有預想到最終結果會是這樣。Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.結果還很不明朗。【歸納拓展】

v.+adv.→n.（由動詞短語轉化而來的合成名詞）breakdown出故障→breakdownn.故障breakout爆發→outbreakn.爆發putout生產，輸出→outputn.產量，輸出量comein進來→incomen.收入Alwayscarryyourtoolboxincaseyourcarhasabreakdownonthemotorway.總是帶著工具箱，以防汽車在高速公路上拋錨。Theresearchprojectwasputoffbecauseoftheoutbreakofthewar.由于戰爭的爆發，這個研究項目被延期了。 完成句子（1）Itwasimpossibleto

（預測結果）oftheelection.（2）［詞匯復現］Subsequently，thebiologistsareconfidentof

（一個成功的結果）.選詞填空（breakdown/outbreak/income/out-come）（3）Hesaidpeoplewillbethewinner，whateverthe

.（4）The

fromvisitorsmakesthemuseumself-supporting.（5）Heisoptimisticthatthegovernmentwillbeabletomanagethe

oftheviruseffectively.（6）［詞匯復現］The

intalksrepresentsatemporarysetbackinthepeaceprocess.

predicttheoutcomeasuccessfuloutcomeoutcomeincomeoutbreakbreakdown教材原句p.53Withthedevelopmentofcomputers，peopleexpectedtogetmorethingsdoneefficiently.隨著計算機的發展，人們期望能有效地完成更多的事情。13efficientlyadv.有效率地，高效能地Wecanarrangetimeefficientlyandknowhowlongasingletaskwilltake.我們可以有效地安排時間，并知道每項任務要花費多長時間。Toworkmoreefficiently，therepresentativehasadoptedadifferentapproach.為了工作更有效率，那個代表采用了一種不同的方法。［詞匯復現］【詞語積累】efficientadj.效率高的theefficientuseofenergy能源的有效利用fuel-efficientcars節能汽車efficiencyn.效率withefficiency高效地Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient，butitiseffective.邊做邊學可能效率不高，但卻很有效。Itdidn’tsaymuchfortheirefficiencythattheorderarrivedaweeklate.訂貨晚到了一個星期，可見他們的效率難以恭維。

單句語法填空（1）Shewasvery

（efficiency）inreducingwaste.（2）［詞匯復現］Hisscientificinnovationhasgreatlyincreasedthework___________

（efficient）.（3）Youshouldexercisemoresoastokeepenergeticandyoucanwork

（efficient）.（4）Iwasimpressedbytheefficiency

whichshehandledthecrisis.（5）［詞匯復現］Peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermore

（efficient）inordernottowastewater.完成句子（6）

（能源效率）canplayavitalroleinreducingpollution.

efficientefficiencyefficientlywithefficientlyEnergyefficiency教材原句p.53 DuringtheColdWar，a“hugenetwork”ofcomputerswasproposedbytwoAmericanscientists.冷戰期間，兩位美國科學家提出建立一個計算機的“龐大網絡”。14proposevt.提出（某觀點、方法等） sth搭配： propose doingsth that從句（謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”，should可省略）Heresolutelyproposesinvestinginthepropertymarket.=Heresolutelyproposesinvestmentinthepropertymarket.=Heresolutelyproposesthattheyshouldinvestinthepropertymarket.他堅決提議投資房地產市場。［詞匯復現］【詞語積累】proposaln.提議；建議make/submit/accept/rejectaproposal提出/提交/接受/拒絕一項提議

【學法點撥】（1）proposal后的同位語從句或者表語從句用虛擬語氣，謂語用shoulddo，其中should可以省略。Atlast，heturneddownmyproposalthatweshouldinvestmoremoneyinthefactoryinthecountryside.最后，他拒絕了我提出的增加農村工廠投資的建議。［詞匯復現］（2）v.+-al構成抽象名詞survivev.→survivaln.幸存removev.→removaln.移動arrivev.→arrivaln.到達refusev.→refusaln.拒絕proposev.→proposaln.建議approvev.→approvaln.贊成 單句語法填空（1）Theengineerproposed

（inquire）abouttraintimesbeforesettingoff.（2）The

（propose）madebyMikeisquitereasonable.（3）Various

（propose）wereputforwardbytheemployeesforincreasingsales.（4）［詞匯復現］Themonitorproposed