2024—2025學年（下）高三第一次四省聯(lián)考英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howmuchshouldthewomanpayfortheshoes?A.$198.B.$200.C.$220.2.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.3.WhataboutCaliforniaattractstheman?A.Itscuisine.B.Itsscenery.C.Itsculture.4.Howisthewomanrequiredtopay?A.Byonlinelink.B.Bycreditcard.C.Incash.5.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Makinganorder.B.Checkingthedelivery.C.Applyingformembership.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onthestreet.B.Inthehotel.C.Atthesubwaystation.7.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Takethesubway.B.Changehishotel.C.Walktohisdestination.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhydidthemanspeakergotoJack'sschool?A.Jackarguedwiththeteacher.B.Jack'steacherwantedtohaveatalk.C.Jackhadtroublegettingalongwithhisclassmates.9.WhatdidthemanspeakeroftendowhenJackwasinfirstgrade?A.HeplayedwithJackalot.B.HecheckedJack'shomework.C.Heconcentratedonhisownwork.10.WhatcausedJack'sproblem?A.Hecouldn'tunderstandhisteacher.B.Hewasn'tinterestedinschool.C.Hedidn’tspendenoughtimeonmaths.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisonthecalendar?A.Amap.B.Communityevents.C.Interestingstories.12.Whatisthemanconcernedabout?A.Safety.B.Shopping.C.Education.13.Whywillapartybeheld?A.Topromotesomeproducts.B.Towelcomenewcomers.C.Tocelebrateabirthday.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whyisthewomanworried?A.Shemightmakeherfatherupset.B.Someworkershavebeenlaidoff.C.Herfathermaygetoutofwork.15.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?A.Toseekhishelp.B.Totellhimaboutherdecision.C.Tosharesomenewswithhim.16.Whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?A.Phonethewomanlater.B.Consulthisfriend.C.Haveatalkwiththewoman'sfather.17.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?AFriends.B.Salespersonandcustomer.C.Co-workers.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatinspiredSusie'sloveforCentralPark?A.Herchildhoodactivities.B.Herresearchonflowers.C.Herworkwiththeenvironmentalagency.19.WhatdidSusiedotwoyearsagoregardingthepark?A.Shedesignedtwolakesforit.B.Sheprotecteditswildlife.C.Shedealtwithitspollution.20.WhatcanweknowaboutSusie'scurrentsituation?A.She'sbusywithwork.B.Shewantstoquitherjob.C.Shealwayshangsoutwithfriends.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AIntimesofemergency,youarejustasinglebuttonpressawayfrombeinginstantlylinkedtoourprofessionalemergencysupportcrew.FallDetectionOuradvancedYourStridewatchisequippedwithanintelligentautomaticfalldetectionsystem.Sensingafall,itwillimmediatelygetintouchwithourhighlytrainedandexperienced24/7monitoringteam.Additionally,youhavetheoptiontomanuallyinitiateacallforhelpbysimplypressingtheSOSbuttononthefrontfaceofthewatch,ensuringyouarealwayscovered.As48%offallsoccuroutside,YourStride’sfallalarmwatchhasbeendesignedtoworkbothindoorsandoutdoors.HowtheAlarmServiceWorksThealarmserviceoftheYourStridewatchfunctionsinastraightforwardyeteffectivemanner:·WhenyoupresstheSOSbuttonorwhenthewatchdetectsafall,itgetsanimmediateresponse.·Ourteamwillthencommunicatewithyouthroughthewatch,gatheringallthenecessarydetails.·Appropriatehelpwillbesenttoyourlocation.MultifunctionalHealthCompanionYourStrideisacomfortable,lightweightwristwatchwithacleartimeanddatedisplay.AlongsidetheSOSbuttonandautomaticfalldetection,itmonitorsyourheartrate,bloodpressure,andhasabuilt-instepcounter.Anotherimportantfeatureisitscompleteindependencefromexternalconnections.Itoperatesautonomously,withouttheneedforWi-Fioralandline.ThismeansthatnomatterwhereyouareintheUK,whetheryou’reinaremotecountrysidelocationorabustlingcitycenter,youcanconfidentlyaccessthehelpyouneed.PricingTheYourStridewatchisavailableatanaffordablepriceofjust￡60.Forthosewhorequire24/7emergencyhelp,thereisamonthlysubscriptionfeeof￡15.Anextra￡2permonthfortheadditionalfalldetectionfeature.Don’twaituntilit’stoolate.InvestintheYourStridewatchtodayandtakeaproactivesteptowardsyoursafetyandwell-being.1.Whatwillthewatchdowhendetectingafall?A.Itwillcontactthemonitoringteam. B.Itwillactivatealoudalarm.C.Itwillcallthelocalhospitalimmediately. D.ItwillinitiatetheSOSbuttonautomatically.2.Whichisafunctionofthewatchbesidesdetectingfalls?A.Toadjustheartrate. B.Tomonitorsleepquality.C.Tomeasurebloodpressure. D.ToconnecttotheInternet.3.Howmuchshouldonepayforthewatchwithayear’sfullservice?A.￡60. B.￡204. C.￡240. D.￡264.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章是一款智能手表的廣告，介紹了YourStride智能手表的各種功能、操作步驟及價格。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FallDetection部分中“OuradvancedYourStridewatchisequippedwithanintelligentautomaticfalldetectionsystem.Sensingafall,itwillimmediatelygetintouchwithourhighlytrainedandexperienced24/7monitoringteam.(我們先進的YourStride手表配備了智能自動跌倒檢測系統(tǒng)。感知到下降，它將立即與我們訓練有素且經(jīng)驗豐富的24/7監(jiān)測團隊聯(lián)系)”可知，當這款YourStride手表監(jiān)測到跌倒時，會立刻聯(lián)系全天候監(jiān)測團隊。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MultifunctionalHealthCompanion部分中“AlongsidetheSOSbuttonandautomaticfalldetection,itmonitorsyourheartrate,bloodpressure,andhasabuilt-instepcounter.(除了SOS按鈕和自動跌倒檢測外，它還可以監(jiān)測你的心率、血壓，并有一個內(nèi)置的計步器)”可知，除了跌例檢測功能外，手表還有監(jiān)測心率、血壓以及計步等功能。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheYourStridewatchisavailableatanaffordablepriceofjust￡60.Forthosewhorequire24/7emergencyhelp,thereisamonthlysubscriptionfeeof￡15.Anextra￡2permonthfortheadditionalfalldetectionfeature.(YourStride手表的價格僅為60英鎊。對于那些需要全天候緊急幫助的人，每月的訂閱費為15英鎊。額外的跌落檢測功能每月額外支付2英鎊)”可知，所有服務一年總共需支付60+15×12+12×2=264英鎊。故選D。BJonBatiste,abigfigureinthemusicworld,viewsrevisitingclassicworksasagoldenopportunity,asseeninhislatestalbum(專輯)“BeethovenBlues,”wherehegivesnewlifetoBeethoven’scompositions.HeperceivesauniversalandpowerfulessenceinBeethoven’smusic,similartothatintheblues.Batisteservedasabandleaderfor“TheLateShowwithStephenColbert”until2022andisnowontheboardatTheJuilliardSchool.AndhehasreceivednumerousGrammynominations(提名)andwinsacrossdiversemusicalcategories.Hisdocumentary“AmericanSymphony,”whichdetailsthecompositionandpremiereofhissymphonyatCarnegieHallin2022,aswellasthestoryofhiswifeSuleikaJaouad’sbattlewithleukemia(atypeofbloodillness),hasearnedhimfurtherrecognition.Batistemaintainstheideathatclassicalmusic,Beethoven’sworksincluded,issuitableforreformation.Thereisaneedtobreakawayfromthetraditionalperceptionofclassicalmusic.Forinstance,inhisalbum,hestartswith“FürElise”,apiecefamiliartomany,andaddshisowncreativetouches.However,Batiste’sjourneyatJuilliardwasnotwithoutchallenges.AsanambitiousteenagerfromLouisiana,hisunconventionalpursuitsoutsidetheclassroomsometimesconflictedwiththeschool’sexpectations.However,helaterreturnedtoJuilliardtohonorhisfamily’smusicallegacyandisnowworkingtomaketheinstitutionmoreinclusive.Duringhiswife’sillness,Batistefoundthatcreativityservedasasourceofstrength.Hismusic,oftenassociatedwithjoy,alsohasrootsinstruggle,asexemplifiedby“AmericanSymphony,”whichaddressesthenation’sdeep-seatedpainandculturaltensions.Throughhisart,Batisteaimstobridgethepastandpresent,creatingworksthatresonate(共鳴)withthehumanexperience.4.WhatcanweknowaboutBatiste’slatestalbum?A.Itwasreleasedwhenhewasabandleader. B.Itisacollectionoftraditionalbluesmusic.C.ItincludesBeethoven’soriginalcompositions. D.ItgivesnewinterpretationstoBeethoven’sworks.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlyfocuson?A.Batiste’smusicalaccomplishments. B.Batiste’ssourceofinspiration.C.Batiste’ssuccessinGrammy-relatedevents. D.Batiste’snovelmusiccomprehension.6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeBatiste?A.Well-educatedandambitious. B.Broad-mindedandcreative.C.Warm-heartedandresponsible. D.Strong-willedandconsiderate.7.WhichofthefollowingmightBatisteagreewith?A.Thenewer,thebetter. B.Classicsshouldalwaysberespected.C.Somethingnewcanalwaysbefoundintheold. D.Thereisnothingimpossibleforawillingheart.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹音樂界重要人物JonBatiste，講述他在新專輯《貝多芬藍調(diào)》中重新詮釋貝多芬作品，介紹其音樂履歷，展現(xiàn)他透過藝術連接過去與現(xiàn)在、引發(fā)人類情感共鳴的追求?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“JonBatiste,abigfigureinthemusicworld,viewsrevisitingclassicworksasagoldenopportunity,asseeninhislatestalbum(專輯)“BeethovenBlues,”wherehegivesnewlifetoBeethoven’scompositions.(音樂界的重量級人物JonBatiste在他的最新專輯《貝多芬藍調(diào)》中，將貝多芬的作品賦予了新的生命，他將重新審視經(jīng)典作品視為難得的機會)”可知，在專輯《藍調(diào)貝多芬》中，JonBatiste默予了貝多芬的作品新的生命力，即對其進行了新的詮釋。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Batisteservedasabandleaderfor“TheLateShowwithStephenColbert”until2022andisnowontheboardatTheJuilliardSchool.AndhehasreceivednumerousGrammynominations(提名)andwinsacrossdiversemusicalcategories.Hisdocumentary“AmericanSymphony,”whichdetailsthecompositionandpremiereofhissymphonyatCarnegieHallin2022,aswellasthestoryofhiswifeSuleikaJaouad’sbattlewithleukemia(atypeofbloodillness),hasearnedhimfurtherrecognition.(直到2022年，Batiste一直擔任《斯蒂芬·科爾伯特深夜秀》的樂隊指揮，現(xiàn)在是茱莉亞音樂學院的董事會成員。他曾多次獲得格萊美獎提名，并在多個音樂獎項中獲獎。他的紀錄片《美國交響曲》詳細記錄了他的交響曲于2022年在卡內(nèi)基音樂廳的創(chuàng)作和首演，以及他的妻子SuleikaJaouad與白血?。ㄒ环N血液疾?。┳鞫窢幍墓适?，這使他得到了進一步的認可)”可知，本段主要介紹了JonBatiste擔任TheLateShowwithStephenColbert的樂隊領隊，在茱莉亞學院任職董事會，格萊美獎提名以及紀錄片獲得認可等內(nèi)容。這些都體現(xiàn)了其音樂成就。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Batistemaintainstheideathatclassicalmusic,Beethoven’sworksincluded,issuitableforreformation.Thereisaneedtobreakawayfromthetraditionalperceptionofclassicalmusic.(Batiste堅持認為古典音樂，包括貝多芬的作品，是適合改革的。有必要打破對古典音樂的傳統(tǒng)看法)”可知，Batiste為貝多芬作品賦予了新的生命，主張打破對古典音樂的傳統(tǒng)理解體現(xiàn)了他思想開明，能夠接受新的音樂觀念；根據(jù)最后一段“Duringhiswife’sillness,Batistefoundthatcreativityservedasasourceofstrength.Hismusic,oftenassociatedwithjoy,alsohasrootsinstruggle,asexemplifiedby“AmericanSymphony,”whichaddressesthenation’sdeep-seatedpainandculturaltensions.Throughhisart,Batisteaimstobridgethepastandpresent,creatingworksthatresonate(共鳴)withthehumanexperience.(在妻子生病期間，巴蒂斯特發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造力是力量的源泉。他的音樂，經(jīng)常與歡樂聯(lián)系在一起，也有斗爭的根源，如“美國交響曲”，它解決了國家根深蒂固的痛苦和文化緊張關系。通過他的藝術，Batiste的目標是在過去和現(xiàn)在之間架起一座橋梁，創(chuàng)造出與人類經(jīng)驗產(chǎn)生共鳴的作品)”可知，他的紀錄片《美國交響樂團》也展現(xiàn)了他在音樂創(chuàng)作上的創(chuàng)造力，能夠把個人經(jīng)歷（妻子患白血?。┡c音樂結合起來，創(chuàng)作出能反映國家深層痛苦和文化緊張局勢的作品，這些都充分體現(xiàn)了他的創(chuàng)造力。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“JonBatiste,abigfigureinthemusicworld,viewsrevisitingclassicworksasagoldenopportunity,asseeninhislatestalbum(專輯)“BeethovenBlues,”wherehegivesnewlifetoBeethoven’scompositions.HeperceivesauniversalandpowerfulessenceinBeethoven’smusic,similartothatintheblues.(JonBatiste是音樂界大人物，他認為重溫經(jīng)典作品是一個千載難逢的機會，正如他在最新專輯《貝多芬藍調(diào)》中所看到的那樣，他給貝多芬的作品賦予了新的生命。他在貝多芬的音樂中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種普遍而有力的本質(zhì)，就像藍調(diào)音樂一樣)”可知，JonBatiste認為重新審視舊作品是一個千載難逢的機會，可以連接以前從未連接過的點。他在新專輯《藍調(diào)貝多芬》中重新詮釋貝多芬的作品，這體現(xiàn)了他相信能從舊作品中挖掘出新的東西。故選C。CScientistshaveuncoveredacrucialpieceinthepuzzleofdinosaurfeatherevolution(羽毛進化).Somefeathereddinosaurs,alongwiththeircharacteristicsharpteethandlargebodies,alsohadskinsimilartothatofmodernreptiles(爬行動物).Featherslikelydevelopedinspecificareasofthedinosaur’sbody,whileotherpartswerecoveredinreptilianscales(鱗片).AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationsdetailsthesefindings,providingnewinsightsintotheevolutionaryshiftfromscalestofeathers.Feathersserveavarietyoffunctionsbeyondflight.Forinstance,peacocksusethemtoattractmates.Penguinsbenefitfromreduceddragwhentheydiveunderwater,andheronscanevenusetheirfeatherstocreateshade.Mostfeathereddinosaurs,suchastheropodsandsauropods,probablyusedfeatherstokeepwarm.MariaMcNamara,ascientistatUniversityCollegeCorkinIrelandandaco-authorofthestudy,commentedthattheshiftfromreptilianscalestofeathersisacrucialmilestoneinvertebrate(脊椎動物的)evolution.Thisphenomenon,despitebeingthefocusofsubstantialresearch,stillresistscompleteunderstanding.Althoughnumerousfeatherfossilshavebeenstudied,fossilizedskinisextremelyrare.Inthisresearch,ateamfromUniversityCollegeCorkandNanjingUniversityinChinaexaminedararefossilizedskinsampleofthefeathereddinosaurPsittacosaurus.Thissmall,two-legged,horneddinosaurlivedinwhatisnowMongoliaandChinaduringtheearlyCretaceousperiod,around135—120millionyearsago,whendinosaurswerestartingtoevolveintobirds.Theresearchteamusedadevicewhichsentoutultravioletlight(紫外線)toidentifyareasofpreservedPsittacosaurusskin,whichareinvisibleundernaturallight.FurtherinspectionwithX-raysandinfraredlightrevealedthepreservedcellularstructure.Totheirsurprise,thefossilizedskinwasmadeofsilica,thesamecompound(化合物)asglass.Thistypeofpreservationhasneverbeenfoundinvertebratefossilsbefore.Theteambelievesthatsofter,morebird-likeskinmighthaveinitiallydevelopedonlyinthefeatheredpartsofthedinosaur’sbody,whiletherestoftheskinresembledthescalesofmodernreptiles.Thiszoneddevelopmentwouldhaveretainedessentialskinfunctions,likeprotectionagainstabrasion,dehydration,andparasites.Asaresult,thefirstdinosaurstodevelopfeatherscouldsurviveandpassonthegenesforfeatherstotheirlatergenerations.8.What’sthesignificanceofthestudy?A.Itchallengesourunderstandingofdinosaurs.B.Ithelpsbetterunderstandhowscalesformed.C.Itprovidescrucialevidenceforvertebrateevolution.D.Itrevealshowdinosaursbecameextinct.9.WhatmessagedoesMariaMcNamaradeliver?A.Feathersevolvedfromscalesveryquickly.B.Theevolutionaryprocessremainspartlyunknown.C.Thereisanurgentdemandformorefeatherfossils.D.Feathersarenecessaryindinosaurs’defencemechanism.10.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheresearch?A.Itlackedinternationalcooperation. B.Itignoredthediversityofdinosaurspecies.C.Itemployedmultipleadvancedtechnologies. D.Itmainlyfocusedonthedinosaur’sappearance.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retained”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Preserved. B.Transformed. C.Stimulated. D.Removed.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了科學家對恐龍羽毛進化的研究，通過對罕見的恐龍化石皮膚標本的研究，為脊椎動物進化提供了關鍵證?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationsdetailsthesefindings,providingnewinsightsintotheevolutionaryshiftfromscalestofeathers.(發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上的一項研究詳細介紹了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，為從鱗片到羽毛的進化轉(zhuǎn)變提供了新的見解)”以及第三段“MariaMcNamara,ascientistatUniversityCollegeCorkinIrelandandaco-authorofthestudy,commentedthattheshiftfromreptilianscalestofeathersisacrucialmilestoneinvertebrate(脊椎動物的)evolution.(愛爾蘭科克大學的科學家、該研究的合著者MariaMcNamara評論說，從爬行動物的鱗片到羽毛的轉(zhuǎn)變是脊椎動物進化的一個重要里程碑)”可知，該研究為脊椎動物進化提供了關鍵證據(jù)。故選C。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“MariaMcNamara,ascientistatUniversityCollegeCorkinIrelandandaco-authorofthestudy,commentedthattheshiftfromreptilianscalestofeathersisacrucialmilestoneinvertebrate(脊椎動物的)evolution.Thisphenomenon,despitebeingthefocusofsubstantialresearch,stillresistscompleteunderstanding.Althoughnumerousfeatherfossilshavebeenstudied,fossilizedskinisextremelyrare.(愛爾蘭科克大學的科學家、該研究的合著者MariaMcNamara評論說，從爬行動物的鱗片到羽毛的轉(zhuǎn)變是脊椎動物進化的一個重要里程碑。這一現(xiàn)象，盡管是大量研究的焦點，但仍然難以完全理解。雖然研究了許多羽毛化石，但皮膚化石卻極為罕見)”可知，MMariaMcNamara到從爬行動物鱗片到羽毛的進化是重要但未被充分理解的事件，說明這一進化過程還有部分未知。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchteamusedadevicewhichsentoutultravioletlight(紫外線)toidentifyareasofpreservedPsittacosaurusskin,whichareinvisibleundernaturallight.FurtherinspectionwithX-raysandinfraredlightrevealedthepreservedcellularstructure.(研究小組使用了一種發(fā)射紫外線的設備來識別保存在自然光線下看不見的鸚鵡嘴龍皮膚區(qū)域。進一步的X射線和紅外線檢查揭示了保存完好的細胞結構)”可知，科學家們在研究該化石時，使用了發(fā)射紫外線的設備、X射線和紅外線等多種先進技術。故選C?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“l(fā)ikeprotectionagainstabrasion,dehydration,andparasites.Asaresult,thefirstdinosaurstodevelopfeatherscouldsurviveandpassonthegenesforfeatherstotheirlatergenerations(比如防止磨損、脫水和寄生蟲。因此，最早長出羽毛的恐龍能夠存活下來，并將羽毛的基因傳給后代)”可知，這里指起到了保護作用，因此，第一批發(fā)育出羽毛的恐龍可以生存下來，并將基因傳遞給后代。由此推知，這種區(qū)域性的發(fā)育“保留”了皮膚的功能，對皮膚起到保護作用。故劃線詞意思是“保留”。故選A。DAskstudentstodescribetheirbrain,andthey’relikelytosuggestacomputer,acommandcenter,ormaybealightning-fastcommunicationsnetwork.Butthey’dbebetteroffthinkingofthebrainasamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuse.ResearchersnowunderstandthatIQisn’tfixedatbirth.Justaswegetmorephysicallyfitfromexercising,wecanbuildbrainpowerthroughtheactoflearning.ChildrenwhoadoptwhatpsychologistCarolDweckcallsagrowthmindset(思維模式)understandthatintelligenceisn’tfixedbutcanbedevelopedthrougheffort.InMindset,Dweckexplainswhystudentswhohaveagrowthmindsetaremorewillingtotacklechallenges,learnfromfailure,andseecriticismasusefulfeedback(反饋)ratherthananexcusetogiveup.Thisisthekindofthinkingthatkeepsstudentsmotivated,evenwhenlearningishardwork.Thegoodnewsisthateventhemindsetisn’tfixed.Agrowthmindsetcanbelearnedandenhancedbymessagesthatpraisepersistenceandsethighexpectations.Forexample,helpstudentsunderstandthatchallengingassignmentswillstretchtheir“thinkingmuscles.”Atthesametime,providethemwithnecessarysupportsotheydon’tgetdiscouraged.Itiswidelybelievedthatallbrainsarenotequalandthatcontextandabilityinfluencelearning.Thebrainconnectsnewinformationtotheoldandcanbechangedbyexperience.Effectiveteachingstrategieshelpstudentsmovetowardhigher-orderthinking,orwhatneurologistscallexecutive(執(zhí)行)function.AsprofessorJudyWillis,MDexplains,“Wheneducatorsofferstudentschancestoputtheirlearningintopractice,particularlybyengagingthemingenuine,personallyrelevantactivitiesaccompaniedbyformativeassessmentsandcorrectivefeedbackthroughoutaunit,thefactsstudentslearnarenolongerrote(死記硬背)memory.Instead,thesefactsbecomesolidlyintegratedintoaninterconnectedmemoryframework,ratherthanbeingdesertedduetolackofuse.”O(jiān)fcourse,allthisbrainactivityishappeninginauniquewayforeachstudent.Byaddressinglearners’individualneeds,educatorscanhelpstudentsstrengthenthebondsthatwillleadtodeeperunderstanding.12.Whydoestheauthorcomparethebraintoamuscle?A.Toprovetheypossessmemorycells.B.Toshowtheycanbestrengthenedthroughexercise.C.Toemphasizetheytransportinformationquickly.D.Toillustratetheyareimportantorgansofthebody.13.WhatarechildrenwithagrowthmindsetlikeaccordingtoDweck?A.Theytendtoshyawayfromtrouble.B.Theypreferpositivefeedbackfromothers.C.Theyregardintelligenceasanunchangeablequality.D.Theyviewbarriersasopportunitiesforpersonalgrowth.14.Whichofthefollowingenhancesexecutivefunction?A.Creativeengagement. B.Organizingactivitiespersonally.C.Engagingindirectinteraction. D.Completeindependence.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.IQandItsInfluenceonLearningB.TheGrowthMindset:AKeytoDifficulty-SolvingC.TheSignificanceofExecutiveFunctioninEducationD.BrainpowerBuilding:EncourageaGrowthMindset【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了成長型思維模式及其在教學中的應用。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Butthey’dbebetteroffthinkingofthebrainasamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuse.ResearchersnowunderstandthatIQisn’tfixedatbirth.Justaswegetmorephysicallyfitfromexercising,wecanbuildbrainpowerthroughtheactoflearning.(但他們最好把大腦想象成一塊隨著使用而變得更強壯的肌肉。研究人員現(xiàn)在明白，智商并不是與生俱來的。就像我們通過鍛煉變得更健康一樣，我們可以通過學習來建立智力)”可知，作者把大腦比作肌肉是為了表明智力可以通過鍛煉得到加強。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“InMindset,Dweckexplainswhystudentswhohaveagrowthmindsetaremorewillingtotacklechallenges,learnfromfailure,andseecriticismasusefulfeedback(反饋)ratherthananexcusetogiveup.(在《心態(tài)》一書中，德韋克解釋了為什么擁有成長型心態(tài)的學生更愿意應對挑戰(zhàn)，從失敗中學習，并將批評視為有用的反饋，而不是放棄的借口)”可知，有成長型思維的孩子會把遇到的困難看作成長的機會，而不輕言放棄。故選D?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Effectiveteachingstrategieshelpstudentsmovetowardhigher-orderthinking,orwhatneurologistscallexecutive(執(zhí)行)function.AsprofessorJudyWillis,MDexplains,“Wheneducatorsofferstudentschancestoputtheirlearningintopractice,particularlybyengagingthemingenuine,personallyrelevantactivitiesaccompaniedbyformativeassessmentsandcorrectivefeedbackthroughoutaunit,thefactsstudentslearnarenolongerrote(死記硬背)memory.Instead,thesefactsbecomesolidlyintegratedintoaninterconnectedmemoryframework,ratherthanbeingdesertedduetolackofuse.”(有效的教學策略幫助學生進入高階思維，或者神經(jīng)學家所說的執(zhí)行功能。醫(yī)學博士朱JudyWillis教授解釋說：“當教育者為學生提供將所學付諸實踐的機會時，特別是通過讓他們參與真正的、與個人相關的活動，并在整個單元中進行形成性評估和糾正性反饋，學生所學的知識不再是死記硬背。相反，這些事實被牢固地整合到一個相互關聯(lián)的記憶框架中，而不是因為缺乏使用而被遺棄?！?”可知，強調(diào)了讓學生參與真實且與個人相關的活動，并給予反對提升執(zhí)行功能的重要性，即創(chuàng)造性的參與會提高學生的執(zhí)行功能。故選A。15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ChildrenwhoadoptwhatpsychologistCarolDweckcallsagrowthmindset(思維模式)understandthatintelligenceisn’tfixedbutcanbedevelopedthrougheffort.(采用心理學家CarolDweck所說的成長型思維模式的孩子明白，智力不是固定不變的，而是可以通過努力來發(fā)展的)”結合文章圍繞大腦能力提升展開，包括成長型思維培養(yǎng)、有效教學策略等，D選項“腦力建設：鼓勵成長心態(tài)”全面概括了文章核心內(nèi)容，最符合文章標題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Sometimes,determiningwhichprojectsyoushoulddevoteyourtimeandenergytofirsttakesenergyyoudon’thavetospare.___16___,youstillneedtofigureouthowtoprioritizethem.Trythe3-3-3method.ThistechniquecomesfromOliverBurkeman,authorofFourThousandWeeks:TimeManagementforMortals.___17___.First,devotethreehourstodeepworkonyourmostimportantproject.Next,completethreeotherurgenttasksthatdon’trequirethreehoursoffocus.Finally,dothree“maintenance”tasks,likecleaning,answeringemails,orschedulingotherwork.___18___.Jumpingintoitfirstmeansyou’llbefresh,focused,andmorelikelytobeabletofocusonataskwithoutgettingdistracted.Keepthosethreehoursfreeofemails,texts,chit-chat,orothersmallerduties,tothebestofyourability.Deepworkproducesmajorproductivity,soyou’llgetalotaccomplishedifyoucommittoit,butyoucan’tstayinthatmindsetforever.You'llwearyourselfoutafteraboutthreehours.___19___.Finally,yourmaintenancetasksgiveyouachancetogetthingsdonewhilegivingyourbrainarest.Thistechniqueissimilarto“eatingthefrog”,ordoingyourhardesttaskfirstthing.___20___,oryoucanuseittoputfinishingtouchesonwhateveryouwereworkingonduringthosethreehoursofintensefocus.Youcanusethistechniquetomanagementtasksofvaryingurgencylevels.Justbesuretostickwiththeprocess,startingwiththebigliftandfinishingoffwiththelittlejobsthatkeepitallflowing.A.SogotothreeothersmallertaskstostayproductiveB.ButevenwhenyouknowwhattasksneedtobedoneC.Headvocatesplanningeachworkdayarounda3-3-3modelD.EvenifyoupayattentiontohowmanyresourcesyouwillneedE.He’llfeelthesamesenseofreliefwhenmovingontolessertasksF.Useyourmaintenancetimetoprepareforthefollowingday’sworkG.Whatdistinguishesthismethodfromothersisthefirstthreehours’deepwork【答案】16.B17.C18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“3-3-3”方法來幫助人們安排任務的優(yōu)先級?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sometimes,determiningwhichprojectsyoushoulddevoteyourtimeandenergytofirsttakesenergyyoudon’thavetospare.(有時候，決定你應該先把時間和精力投入到哪個項目上，會消耗掉你本不需要多余花費的精力。)”和下文“youstillneedtofigureouthowtoprioritizethem.(你仍然需要弄清楚如何對它們進行優(yōu)先排序。)”可知，此處表示雖然知道有很多任務要做，但仍然需要弄清楚如何對它們進行優(yōu)先排序，選項B“但即使你知道需要完成哪些任務”符合語境，起到了承上啟下的作用。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ThistechniquecomesfromOliverBurkeman,authorofFourThousandWeeks:TimeManagementforMortals.(這項技術來自于奧利弗·伯克曼，他是《四千周：凡人的時間管理》一書的作者。)”和下文“First,devotethreehourstodeepworkonyourmostimportantproject.Next,completethreeotherurgenttasksthatdon’trequirethreehoursoffocus.Finally,dothree‘maintenance’tasks,likecleaning,answeringemails,orschedulingotherwork.(首先，花三個小時深入研究你最重要的項目。接下來，完成其他三個不需要三個小時專注的緊急任務。最后，完成三項‘維護’任務，比如清潔、回復電子郵件或安排其他工作。)”可知，此處表示奧利弗·伯克曼建議的“3-3-3”模式，即每天的工作安排應該是三個小時的深度工作，三個緊急任務，和三個維護任務，選項C“他主張每個工作日都圍繞3-3-3模式進行規(guī)劃”符合語境。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Jumpingintoitfirstmeansyou’llbefresh,focused,andmorelikelytobeabletofocusonataskwithoutgettingdistracted.(首先投入其中意味著你會保持精力充沛、注意力集中，并且更有可能專注于一項任務而不分心。)”可推測出，本段主要講述的是“3-3-3”模式中前三個小時的深度工作，選項G“這種方法與其他方法的區(qū)別在于前三個小時的深度工作”符合語境，總領全段。故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Deepworkproducesmajorproductivity,soyou’llgetalotaccomplishedifyoucommittoit,butyoucan’tstayinthatmindsetforever.You'llwearyourselfoutafteraboutthreehours.(深度工作能產(chǎn)生巨大的生產(chǎn)力，所以如果你全身心投入，你會完成很多工作，但你不能永遠保持這種心態(tài)。大約三個小時后，你就會筋疲力盡。)”可知，此處表示在完成三個小時的深度工作之后，應該去做一些其他的較小的任務來保持工作效率，選項A“所以，去做其他三個較小的任務來保持工作效率”符合語境。故選A。【20題詳解】根據(jù)下文“oryoucanuseittoputfinishingtouchesonwhateveryouwereworkingonduringthosethreehoursofintensefocus.(或者你可以用它來為你在那三個小時專注工作中所做的事情做最后的潤色。)”可推測出，本段主要講述的是如何利用維護時間，選項F“利用你的維護時間為第二天的工作做準備”符合語境，與下文為選擇關系，都表示對維護時間的利用。故選F。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Nooneiswillingtofallill,especiallyinaforeigncountryalone.___21___,suchwasexactlywhathappenedtome.Afewmonthsago,whileIwasengagedinavolunteeringprojectinMwanza,Tanzania,something___22___happened—Ifellill.Despitemy___23___totakemedicinesandavoidunboiledwater,Iwashithard.Iwas___24___toaclinicwithahighfeverandseverebodypain.Aloneandterrified,Ieventhought,atacertainmoment,thatitwasthe___25___.___26___abatteryoftests,Ireceivedadiagnosis(診斷)ofseriousmalaria.Thedoctorgavemeinjectionsandtablets,___27___Iwouldn'thavetobeadmittedtothehospital.I___28