法律英語試題庫

說明：法律英語試題庫共分兩部分，第一部分為普通法律英語部分，側(cè)重對(duì)一

般法律英語知識(shí)的相關(guān)詞匯、語篇閱讀分析能力、法律翻譯能力掌握情況的考

察。第二部分為涉外法律英語部分，側(cè)重對(duì)涉外法律知識(shí)的相關(guān)詞匯、語法、

涉外法律文書及其法律翻譯能力的考察。

PartOne:普通法律英語部分

I.Matcheachofthefollowingnumbereddefinitionswiththecorrectterm

intheIistbeIow,WritetheIetterofyourchoiceintheanswercolumn.

Exercise1

A.defendantF.adjudicate

B.allegationG.review

C.caselawH.plaintiff

D.lawI.CommonLaw

E.statutorylawJ.Jurist

()1.Judicialreexaminationoftheproceedingsofacourtorother

body;areconsiderationbythesamecourtorbodyofitsformerdecision.

()2.Rulesofconductapplicabletoallpeopleandenforceablein

court.

()3.Todecideamatterbylegalmeans;forexample,court,mediation,

arbitration.

()4.Thepartybeingsuedortriedineithercivilorcriminalaction.

()5.ThemajorsourceoflawintheU.S.A.ortheUK;basedonold

EnglishLaw.

()6.LawestablishedbyCongress,starelegislaturesoranyotherlaw

makingbodies.

()7.Apersonwhohasasubstantialknowledgeoflawandwhohaswritten

extensivelyonlegalmatters;forexample,judges,professors,andsoon.

()8.Thepartywhoinitiatesanactionatlaw(lawsuit).

()9.Lawbasedoncourtdecisions.

()10.Astatementorchargemadeinapleadingwhichoneintendsto

provebylegalevidence.

Exercise2

AexecutivebranchFdevolution

B.federalG.defamation

C.legislationH.legislativebranch

D.confederationI.allegation

E.judicialbranchJ.constitution

()11.LawsorwrittenruleswhicharepassedbyParilamentand

implementedbythecourts.

()12.Thegovernmentdepartmentthatisresponsiblefordetermining

theconstitutionalityoflegislativeandexecutiveactions,and

adjudicatingrightsanddutiesofothersinvolvedindisputes.It

interpretsandappliestheLaw.

()13.Awrittendocumentdefiningfundamentallegalprinciplefor

governanceofthepeople.Itmayincludegrantsofpowerand1imitations

ofpower.

()14.Passingofpowertogovernortomakedecisionsfromacentral

authoritytoalocalauthority.

()15.Thegovernmentdepartmentthatisresponsibleforcarryinglaws

intoeffect.

()16.Groupofindependentstatesororganizationsworkingtogether

forcommonaims.

()17.Thegovernmentdepartmentthatisresponsibleforenacting

statutorylaws.

()18.ReferstotheU.Sgovernmentanditsactivities.TheUnited

Statesisafederationof50sovereignstates.

()19.Inpleading,anassertionoffact;thestatementoftheissue

whichthecontributingpartyispreparedtoprove.

()20.Falsestatement,eitheroralorwritten,whichtendstoinjure

thereputationofthevictim.Itmaybecivilaswellascriminal.

Exercise3

A.separatepropertyF.adultery

B.bigamyG.beneficiary

C.custodyH.separation

D.heir1.necessaries

E.nonsupportJ.guardian

()21.Asituationinwhichpartiesarenotlivingtogetherbut

otherwisehavelegaldutiesofhusbandandwife.

()22.Thecareandpossessionofminorchildrenofamarriageduring

adivorceproceedingandafterdivorceisfinal.

()23.PropertyownedByeitherspousebeforemarriageoracquired

duringmarriagebygiftorinheritance.

()24.Apersonappointedbythecourttosuperviseandtakecareof

another.

()25.Failuretocontributemoney,inaccordancewithone'sability,

tothemaintenanceofaparentasrequiredbylaw.

()26.Goodsandservicesordinarilyrequiredbyandappropriatetoan

incompetentperson*sstationinlife,yetnotavailableorprovidedby

parentorguardian.

()27.Thecrimeofbeingmarriedtotwoormorepersonsatthesame

time.

()28.Sexualintercoursebyamarriedpersonwithsomeoneotherthan

theoffender，sspouse.

()29.Anyonewhohasalegalrighttoinheritthepropertyofanother.

()30.Anyonewhobenefitsunderthetermsofawill.

Exercise4

A.proprietorF.dividends

B.limitedpartnerG.generalpartner

C.dissolutionH.proxy

D.quorumI.liquidation

E.mergerJ.subsidiary

)31.Apersonwhoconductsthebusinessofapartnershipandhas

uniimitedIJabi1ity.

()32.Apersonwhoisthesoleownerofabusiness.

()33.Acompanyowned(byamajorityofsharesorinterest)and

controlledbyanothercompany.

()34.Acombinationoftwoormorecorporationswherebyoneremains

alegalentityandtheotherisabsorbed.

()35.Apersonwhoinvestscapitalandsharesintheprofitsofthe

partnershipbutwhose1iabi1ityandshareofprofitsarelimitedbythe

amountinvested.

()36.Thesaleand/ordistributionoftheassetsofabusinessto

settleitsaccountswithcreditorand/orstockholders.

()37.Theterminationoftheexistencecfalegalentity,suchasa

partnershiporacorporation.

()38.Aportionofcorporateprofitsdividedamongtheshare-holders,

incashand/orstock.

()39.Thenumberofmemberswhomustbepresentatameetingfor

businesstobetransacted;amajority.

()40.Theauthorizationforanothertoactforashareholderata

meeting;also,thepapergrantingtheauthority.

II.ChoosetherightwordfromtheIistgivenbeIowforeachbIank.Change

theformofthewordifnecessary.(15')

Exercise1

Institutionfoundationstart

provisionstatuteknow

codeexperiencejurisdiction

still-survivejudicatureadvocate

asexerciseregard

Weareabouttopassintoaworldgovernedby_41_;andafewwords

willnotbeoutofplaceastothewayinwhichcodesare_42_inthe

countrieswheretheyformthe_43_ofthenationallaw.Inthefirstplace

acodeissupposed,intheoryatleast,toprovideafresh44inal1those

partsofthelawwithwhichitdeals.Itisnotconceivedasrestingupon

apresupposedand45commonlaw,butasstandinguponitsownfoundations,

_46_docs,forexamplewithus,a_47_introducinganovelprinciple,such

asWorkmen'sCompensation.Weshallnotfindinacontinentalcodesuch

languageasthatusedintheSupremeCourtof_48_Act,1925,wherethe

jurisdictionoftheHighCourtisdefinedasincluding"the_49which

wasformerlyvestedin,orcapableofbeing_50by,alloranyofthe

courtsfollowing…〃ItwastheintentionoftheauthorsoftheFrench

Civi1Codethatitshouldbeinterpretedonlyinthe1ightofits

own_51_anddefinitions.Oneoftheearlycommentators,Bugnet,said:

“knownothingofcivillaw;IonlyteachtheCodeNapoleon.z，

Averyshort_52_,however,wasenoughto

showthatthisideawasimpossibleof

realization.Thejudgesand_53_,tosay

nothingofthenotlessimportantlegalauthors,

whosetaskitwastoexpoundandtoapplythe

newCode,couldnothavedonetheirworkhad

theynotbeenfamiliarwiththeoldtechnical

termsitadopted,andwiththe_54_whichin

substanceitreproduced.Whateverpretencethey

mightmakeoflookingonlytothetextofthe

Code,theycouldnotemptytheirmindsofa

largebodyofrelevantprofessionalknowledge,

_55_ofsomethingwhichwemay,withoutgreat

error,callthecommonlawofFrance-orat

leastthecommonlawofParis.

Exercise2

disputesjusticepursuit

procedureplaintiffroots

proceduralrelianceneans

adversaryjurisdictionsclaims

judgmentpartiesopposing

Inalljurisdictionsthereisgeneralagreementthatthegoalofcivil

_56_isthejust,prompt,andinexpensivedeterminationof_57_before

thecourts.Thereissimilaragreementthat_58_ofthisgoalrequires

thatthelawofprocedureprovidessome_59_forperformingeachofthe

followingbasicfunctions:notifyingthedefendantthatthe_60_is

bringingsuit,informingeachpartyofthe_61_andcontentionsofthe

other,determiningthenatureofthedisputeandtheissuesbetweenthe

_62_,ascertainingthefacts,decidingwhichprinciplesoflawgovern

thecase,applyingthelawtothefactstoreacha_63_,givingthe

judgmenteffectinsomepracticalway,andhavingtheofficialactions

oflowercourtscheckedbyhighercourts.Withveryfewexceptions,the

differencesthatexistinthe_64_lawsofthevarious_65_areonly

differenceswithrespecttothemeanschosentoperformoneormoreof

thesefunctions.Inaddition,Americanrulesofprocedure,withthe

exceptionofthoseineffectinLouisiana,havetheir_66_intheearly

Englishcommonlaw.Consequently,mostdifferencesarenotdifferences

inkind;theyaredifferencesinthedegreeofevolutionfromearlycommon

lawconcepts.Finally,inallofourjurisdictionsmuch_67_isplaced

ontheassumptionthatifeachofthe_68_partiestakesthestepsand

advancesthepropositionsthatappeartohimorhertobestservehis

orherowncause,truthand_69_willemerge.Becauseofthis

characteristic,oursystemisoftenreferredtoasthe_70_system.

Exercise3

forcourtcelebrating

laterpattedrejected

drunkherwith

prisonsearchedof

prosecutordeclaringboth

Oneeveningpoliceofficerssawamarandwomanrunningdowna

street.Thepolice_71_them.Thewomanhadabagofmoneyinherhand

andabulgein72_jacket.Theypattedherdownandfoundagun.Thenthey

-73_downhercompanion;theyfoundnothing.Theytook_74_tothe

station,bookedtheir,andarrestedthemforarmedrobbery.Backonpatrol

-75_thatnighttheysawagroupofrowdycollegestudents_76_a

footballvictory.Thegroupwasinaquietneighborhood.Thetwoofficers

toldtheyouthsto“keepquiet”.Stilllater,theysawa_77_stumble

andfelldown;theytookhimtoanearbyshelter.

Afewdayslater,a_78_chargedthetwoarmedrobberysuspects_79_

robbery,accordingtothestate*scriminalcode.Thewomanwentto

—80―;thejuryacquittedherbecausetheonlyeyewitnessdied_81—

aheartattackthemorningofthetrial.Aftercharginghercompanion,the

prosecutorofferedthemalesuspecta"deal."Inexchange_82_aplea

ofguilty,theprosecutorwouldreducethechargetosimpletheftandask

thejudgeforasentencetoanewlyinstitutedhomeconfinementprogram

insteadoftoprison.Themanacceptedthedealandpleadedguilty,but

thejudge83therequestforhomeconfinement.Shesentencedtheman

to84_fortwoyears.Becauseofgoodbehaviorandacourtorder85

theovercrowdedprisontobeinviolationoftheConstitution,prison

officialsreleasedthemanaftersixmonths,judgingthathewouldnot

seriouslyendangerthecommunity.

HI.VocabularyandStructure

A.Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeirdefinitionsontheright.

(8points)

86.strategya)alegallyregistereddesignnamingtheoriginal

designerasownerofthedesign

87.tediousb)thenameofaproductorsometimesthenameof

acompany

88.briefe)amemorablesentenceusedtoadvertisea

product

89.brandd)notveryinterestingandoftenrepetitive

90.shareholderc)tellsomeoneaboutsomething,usuallyin

connectionwithwork

91.sloganf)anownerofsharesinabusiness

92.spamg)junkmai1

93.patenth)ageneralplanintendedtoachievesomething

overaperiodoftime

B.Completethefollowingsentences,usingtheappropriate

phrasalverbsfromtheboxbelow.Remembertoputtheverbsin

thecorrectform.Youshouldrefertothecompanystructureof

ABMplcforquestions1-3.(7points)

reporttotakeoffsetupseetoconsistof

turnoffdowithoutputtogothrough

94.ABMplcfourdepartments.

95.HelenGreytothePersonnelManager.

96.JohnRosstheMaintenanceSection.

97.thegasbeforeyouinspectthebackofthecooker.

98.Afterinheritingalotofmoneyhedecidedtohisownbusiness.

99.Iwouldliketothesalesfigureswithyouandfindoutwhere

themistakesarc.

100.Wereallycan'thisexpertknowledge.Wellhavetoreschedule

themeetingtosuithim.

（三）ChooseawordfromtheboxforeachspaceintheExercise

below.Remembertoputthewordsinthecorrectform.

managepostreferencetoarrange

reachencloserequireprivatemoreover

studyenablewouldparticularlyavailable

46PottersLane

Walton

Leicestershire

23April2002

MrPeterSellers

DirectorHumanResources

CarneyandDenhamConsultants

2CromwellRoad

NottinghamNT79GH

DearMrSellers

With101toyouradvertisementintheIndependenton21April,

Iwouldliketoapplyforthe102ofProjectManagerwithyour

company.

Iam35yearseldand1haveconsiderableexperienceinengineering

inboththepublicand103sectormanagingoverseasconstruction

projects.104,IhaverecentlycompletedacourseonManagementand

Communicationand1amcurrently105foranMAdegreeinEngineering

Management.Thisexperiencebas106metodevelopthenecessary

leadershipandCommunicationskillsto107multidisciplined

constructionteams.Iam108interestedinzhepositionyouareoffering

asI109liketobecomemoreinvolvedwithbuildingrefurbishment

projects.

Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould110aninterviewassoonas

possibleasIamgoingabroadnextmonth.IcanBe111attheabove

address.Iam112tostartworkfromIJune.Pleasefind113ny

CV.Pleasedonothesitatetocontactmeifyou114anyfurther

information.

Ilookforward115heatingfromyou.

Yourssincerely

AnneAlexander

AnneAlexander(Ms)

IV.Readthematerialsandanswerthefollowingquestions:

Exercise1

1.Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestions116-120.

Sometimesyoumightbeaskedtogotoaselectionorassessment

centre.Thisisanextendedinterviewwhichismadeupofaseriesofgroup

activities,restsandpresentations.Youwillbeassessedthroughoutthe

daybyassessorswhowillbelookingtoseehowwellyouworkinaream,

whetheryourcommunicationskillsaregoodandwhetheryoucanworkto

deadlines.Teamworkisimportant.Youdon'tdoyourselfanyfavorsby

tryingtotakeoverthegroup,butatthesametime,don'tsitbackand

leteveryoneelsedothework.

Don'tpanicifyou*reaskedtodoapresentationonsomethingyou

don'tknowmuchaboutasthewayyougivethepresentationisoftenmore

importantthanthecontentitself.Youshouldpracticebeforehandsoyou

knowhowlongthepresentationtakes.Thebestadviceondealingwitha

selectioncentreistogiveityourbestshot.Ifyousittimidlyinthe

corner,theassessorcannotmakeanyjudgmentaboutyou.

Whonyoutakeapersonalit.yt.pst,whichisdpsignodtofindout.aboutyour

personalityandcharacter,whatyourvaluesareandwhatmotivatesyou,

don*tworryaboutansweringquestionsincorrectlythereisusuallyno

rightorwronganswers.Answerthequestionshonestlyandpositively.There

isnopointintryingtogivetheanswersyouthinktheemployerwill

wantbecausefirstlyyoumighthavethewrongideaaboutwhattheemployer

islookingfor,andsecondly,youdon'twantlogeltilejobandspend

theensuingmonthstryingtobesomeonewhoyou'renot.

116.WhatistheExercisemainlyconcernedwith?

117.Howshouldyoubehaveduringthedayattheselectioncentre?

118.Howshouldapplicantsapproachgivingpresentations?

119.Doesitmatterifyouanswerquestionsincorrectlyinapersonality

test?Why?

120.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlyinginapersonalitytest?

Exercise2

Despitetheattentionpaidwithinadvertisingagenciestothewhole

businesstargetingspecificgroups,therehavebeensomespectacular

failurestogetitrightwhencompanieshavetriedtogointernational

orglobalwiththeirproducts.Thishasbeenforavarietyof

reasons.Sometimes,thebrandnameoftheproducthasunfortunate

associationswhentranslatedintoforeignlanguages.Lookingatthisarea

canillustratehowpowerfultheoperationofconnotationis-thewayin

whichwordscancallupassociationsinourminds.Becauseofthewaywe

makeconnectionsbetweenwordsandparticularideas,feelingand

experiences,brandnamesarecrucialforadvertisers.Theyarevery

economic,actingaslittleconcentratedcapsulesofmeaning.Where

advertisersgetitright,readerswilldotheworktogenerateallthe

intendedconnotations.

Therearewholecompanieswhospecializeinofferingresearchon

brand-nameconnotationstoproductmanufacturerslookingforanamefor

anewproduct,orlookingathowbesttomarketanexistingproductto

new,foreignaudiences.Thesecompanies一forexampleInter-brand,andThe

Brand-namingCompanytypicallyorganizebrainstormingsessionswhere

theyaskgroupsofpeopletolettheirimaginations'roamfree',from

whichmeetingstheyarriveatshortlistsofnameswhosesuitabilityis

thenresearchedfurther.Namesontheshortlistshavetopasscertaintests:

forexample,thattheyarenottooclosetoexistingnames;thattheyare

pronounceableinalltheworld*smajorlanguages;thattheyhavetheright

connotations.Thelatter,however,isacomplexarea.Evenwithinone

language,connotationscanbeaboutquitesubtledistinctions.Eorexample,

whenPickfordsTravelmergedwithHoggRobinsontwoyearsago,the

shortlistforthenewcompanyhadtwomaincontenders:

'Destinations',arid,GoingPlaces,.Thenewcompanychosethelatter,

decidingthat'destinations'tendedtosuggestlonghaulflightsto

farflungplacestravelfortheprivileged.,GoingPlaces’,ontheother

hand,wasthoughttodescribeallsortsoftravelandthereforebemore

suitableforthemassmarket,whichwasthecompanyJstarget.

2.Markstatements121-125TrueorFalseaccordingtotheinformation

providedinthetextabove.

121.ThisExerciseismainlyabouthowtochoosenamesforcompanies

wishingtogoglobal.

122.Goodnamesmaketherightconnectionbetweenwordsandideas.

123.4GoingPlaces5isusedasanexampletoshowhowharditistochoose

dUdinefordcompdiiy.

124.'Destinations'islikelytoappealtowealthytravelers.

125.Onetechniquebrandnameconsultantsoftenuseistoinvitepeople

tofreelysuggestanynamesontheirmind.

Exercise3

Material1:Jurisprudence:AnOverview

ThewordjurisprudencederivesfromtheLatintermjurisprudentia,

whichmeans〃lhestudy,knowledge,orscienceoflaw.〃IntheUnitedStates

jurisprudencecommonlymeansthephilosophyoflaw.Legalphilosophyhas

manyaspects,butfourofthemarethemostcommon.Thefirstandthemost

prevalentformofjurisprudenceseekstoanalyze,explain,classify,and

criticizeentirebodiesoflaw.Lawschooltextbooksandlegal

encyclopediasrepresentthistypeofscholarship.Thesecondtypeof

jurisprudencecomparesandcontrastslawwithotherfieldsofknowledge

suchasliterature,economics,religion,andthesocialsciences.T'he

thirdtypeofjurisprudenceseekstorevealthehistorical,moral,and

culturalbasisofaparticularlegalconcept.Thefourthbodyof

jurisprudencefocusesonfindingtheanswertosuchabstractquestions

aswhatislaw?Howdojudges(properly)decidecases?

Apartfromdifferenttypesofjurisprudence,differentschoolsof

jurisprudenceexist.Formalism,orconceptualism,treatslawlikemathor

science.Formalistsbelievethatajudgeidentifiestherelevantlegal

principles,appliesthemtothefactsofacase,andlogicallydeduces

arulethatwillgoverntheoutcomeofthedispute.Incontrast,proponents

oflegalrealismbelievethatmostcasesbeforecourtspresenthard

questionsthatjudgesmustresolvebybalancingtheinterestsofthe

partiesandultimatelydrawinganarbitrarylineononesideofthe

dispute.Thisline,realistsmaintain,isdrawnaccordingtothepolitical,

economic,andpsychologicalinclinationsofthejudge.Somelegalrealists

evenbelievethatajudgeisabletoshapetheoutcomeofthecasebased

onpersonalbiases.

Apartfromtherealist-formalistdichotomy,thereistheclassic

debateovertheappropriatesourcesoflawbetweenpositivistandnatural

lawschoolsofthought.Positivistsarguethatthereisnoconnection

betweenlawandmoralityandtheonlysourcesoflawarerulesthathave

beenexpresslyenactedbyagovernmentalentityorcourtof

law.Naturalists,orproponentsofnaturallaw,insistthattherules

enactedbygovernmentarenottheonlysourcesof1aw.Theyarguethatmoral

philosophy;religion,humanreasonandindividualconsciencearealso

integratingpartsofthelaw.

Therearenobrightlinesbetweendifferentschoolsof

jurisprudence.Thelegalphilosophyofaparticularlegalscholarnay

consistofacombinationofstrainsfrommanyschoolsoflegal

thought.Somescholarsthinkthatitismoreappropriatetothinkabout

jurisprudenceasacontinuum.

Theabove-mentionedschoolsoflegalthoughtsareonlypartofadiverse

jurisprudentialpictureoftheUnitedStates.Otherprominentschoolsof

legalthoughtexist.Criticallegalstudies,feministjurisprudence,law

andeconomics,utilitarianism,andlegalpragmatismarebutafewofthem.

Material2;LegalPhilosophy

Jurisprudenceisthephilosophyoflawandofthelegalsystein.Therearemanywaysof

classifyinglegalphilosophyorjurisprudence.Thefourmajorschoolsofthoughtarenaturallaw,

positivelaw,sociologicaljurisprudenceandlegalrealism.

Thenaturallawschoolofthoughtfeelsthatthelegalsystemshould

modeltherelationshipsfoundinnatureandbelieveintheinnategoodness

ofman.

ThenaturallawschoolofthoughtbeganduringthefifthcenturyB.C.and

statesthatthereexistsasenseofwhatisjustandrightinnature

separateanddistinctfromtherulesthatmaybedevelopedbyastate.

Aristotleassertedthatlawexistedinnatureandcouldbeascertained

byman*sexerciseofhispowertoreason.TheStoicschoolelaboratedon

andexpandedontheideasofAristotleinthethirdcenturyB.C.During

theRomanperiodtheconceptofjusgentium(thelawofnations)was

similartotheearlier