環境工程原理（全英文）知到智慧樹章節測試課后答案2024年秋浙江師范大學第一章單元測試

TheconcentrationofN2Ointheatmosphereofafarmlandis3.2×10-9(volumefraction),thenthemassconcentrationofN2Oatanatmosphericpressureof1.013×105Paand25°Cis（）μg/m3.

A:21.0B:15.7C:5.75D:90.7

答案:5.7513.6g/cm3=()kg/m3<spanstyle="font-family:-apple-system,"system-ui","SFProSC","SFProText","HelveticaNeue",Helvetica,"PingFangSC","SegoeUI",Roboto,"HiraginoSansGB",arial,"SourceHanSansCN",sans-serif;">（）</span>

A:13.6B:13.6×10-3C:13.6×106D:13.6×103

答案:13.6×103Thepoweroftheheatingelementofthewaterheateris5kW.Underidealconditions,toheat20Lofwaterfrom15°Cto85°C,thespecificpressureheatcapacityofwateris4.18kJ·kg-1·℃-1.Therequiredtimeis（）

A:0.201hB:1170hC:0.325hD:0.777h

答案:0.325hTheupstreamflowofacertainsectionofriveris36000m3/d,andtheconcentrationofpollutantsintheriveris3.0mg/L.Thereisasub-streamwithaflowof10000m3/d,inwhichthepollutantconcentrationis30mg/L.Itisassumedthatthepollutantiscompletelymixed,andnovolatilization,chemicalorbiologicalreactionandotherprocessesoccur.Thenwhatisthepollutantconcentrationinthedownstream?（）

A:15.6hB:24.1hC:8.87hD:11.3h

答案:8.87hThereis1m3ofsewagecontainingtotalnitrogen20mg/Linapool.Itisnowreplacedwithsurfacewater.Theflowrateofsurfacewaterenteringthepoolis10m3/minandthetotalnitrogencontentis2mg/L.Atthesametime,thesameamountofwaterisdischargedfromthepool.Assumingthatthemixinginthepoolisgoodandthebiodegradationprocesscanbeignored,howlongwillittakeforthetotalnitrogencontentinthepooltobecome5mg/L?（）

A:0.5minB:0.18minC:0.18hD:0.5h

答案:0.18min

第二章單元測試

Thereisonlyheatconvectionintheconvectiveheattransferprocess.（）

A:對B:錯

答案:錯Whichisnotthemechanismforheattransfer:（）

A:HeatconductionB:HeatconvectionC:HeatradiationD:Localheattransfer

答案:LocalheattransferForthefollowingstatementabouttheheatconductioncoefficient,whichiswrong：（）

A:Forthesamesubstance,theheatconductioncoefficientindifferentdirectionsorfacetscanbedifferent.B:Itisrelatedtothetype,temperature,andpressureofthesubstance.C:Graphitehaslowheatconductioncoefficientsoitisusuallyusedasthematerialforthermalinsulator.D:Itdecreaseswithtemperatureformostkindsofliquids,exceptwaterandglycerin.

答案:Graphitehaslowheatconductioncoefficientsoitisusuallyusedasthematerialforthermalinsulator.Regardingthermalinsulationmaterials,thecorrectstatementsare:（）

A:Porousmaterialsarenotsuitableasinsulationmaterials.B:ThethermalconductivitylimitvalueforinsulationmaterialsspecifiedinGB4272is0.12W/(m·K).C:Gasesareconducivetothermalinsulation.D:Thethermalinsulationperformanceofinsulationmaterialswillsignificantlydecreaseaftertheybecomedamp.

答案:ThethermalconductivitylimitvalueforinsulationmaterialsspecifiedinGB4272is0.12W/(m·K).；Gasesareconducivetothermalinsulation.；Thethermalinsulationperformanceofinsulationmaterialswillsignificantlydecreaseaftertheybecomedamp.ForthefollowingstatementaboutthetotalheattransfercoefficientKinatubeheatexchanger,whichiswrong（）.

A:Itisactuallyanaveragevalue.B:weshouldstartbyreducingthehighestthermalresistanceintheheattransferC:inordertoincreaseD:Itindicatesthestrengthofaheattransferprocess,soitisnotrelatedtothephysicalpropertiesofthecoldandhotfluids.E:Itsvaluedependsontheheattransfersurfaceselected.

答案:Itindicatesthestrengthofaheattransferprocess,soitisnotrelatedtothephysicalpropertiesofthecoldandhotfluids.

第三章單元測試

Inthegravitysettlement,particlessettledingravityfield.WhentheReP<2,thesettlementbelongsto____：（）

A:TransitionregionB:LaminarflowzoneC:TurbulentregionD:allofabove

答案:LaminarflowzoneWhichkindoffollowingsettlementprocesscanseparatethesmallestparticles:（）

A:InertialsettlementB:GravitysettlementC:CentrifugalsettlementD:Diffusionsettlement

答案:DiffusionsettlementForgravitysettlement,theterminalsettlingvelocityofaparticleisnotrelatedto_____：（）

A:shapeofparticleB:densityofparticleandfluidC:particlesizeD:horizontalvelocityoffluid

答案:horizontalvelocityoffluidWhenaparticlereachessteadystateinthegravitysettlement,thegravityforce,buoyanceforceandreachequilibrium.（）

A:ShaperesistanceB:CentrifugalforceC:FluidresistanceD:Frictionresistance

答案:FluidresistanceTheterminalvelocityofthesmallestparticlesinwateris0.5m/s.Thesettlementtankis2mhighand2mwide,andtheflowrateofliquidis6m3/s.Pleasecalculatethelengthofthesettlementtanksothatalltheparticlescanbecompletelysettledinthetankbottom.（）

A:4mB:3mC:6mD:5m

答案:6m

第四章單元測試

Duringsurfacefiltration,thefiltrationresistanceforthefluidischangingalongtime.（）

A:錯B:對

答案:對Whichstatementonfiltrationiswrong.（）.

A:Duringconstantvelocityfiltration,filtrationconstantKchangeswithtime.B:Solidparticles,fabrics,andporousmaterialsaremaintypesoffiltrationmedium.C:Surfacefiltrationisalsocalledcakefiltration.D:Forsurfacefiltration,itisthefiltrationmediumthatmainlyplaystheroleofseparation.

答案:Forsurfacefiltration,itisthefiltrationmediumthatmainlyplaystheroleofseparation.ThefiltrationconstantKinsurfacefiltrationisrelatedto__________.（）

A:CompressibilityoffiltercakeB:ParticlepropertiesoffiltercakeC:SuspensionconcentrationD:Filtrateviscosity

答案:Compressibilityoffiltercake；Particlepropertiesoffiltercake；Suspensionconcentration；FiltrateviscosityWhichofthefollowingsarecommonlyusedfiltrationmedia:（）

A:fabricsB:polystyrenefoamplasticballC:anthraciteD:quartzsand

答案:fabrics；polystyrenefoamplasticball；anthracite；quartzsandWhatfollowingstatementsaboutconstantpressurefiltrationandconstantspeedfiltrationaretrue:（）

A:Inpracticalapplication,itusuallygothroughconstantspeedfiltrationincreasethepressureandthenoperatesunderconstantpressure.B:Duringtheconstantpressurefiltrationprocess,thefiltrationpressuredifferenceiskeptconstantallthetime.Forthespecifiedsuspension,Kisaconstant.C:Duringtheconstantvelocityfiltrationprocess,thefiltrationpressuredifferencechangeswithtime,sothefiltrationconstantKchangeswithtimeD:Forconstantpressurefiltration,thefiltrationconstantKcanbedeterminedbyexperiments.

答案:Inpracticalapplication,itusuallygothroughconstantspeedfiltrationincreasethepressureandthenoperatesunderconstantpressure.；Duringtheconstantpressurefiltrationprocess,thefiltrationpressuredifferenceiskeptconstantallthetime.Forthespecifiedsuspension,Kisaconstant.；Duringtheconstantvelocityfiltrationprocess,thefiltrationpressuredifferencechangeswithtime,sothefiltrationconstantKchangeswithtime；Forconstantpressurefiltration,thefiltrationconstantKcanbedeterminedbyexperiments.

第五章單元測試

Thermodynamicsdiscusstherateofabsorption,whiledynamicsdiscussthelimitanddirectionofabsorption.（）

A:對B:錯

答案:錯Theseparationofcomponentsbyabsorptionisachievedbytheirdifferenceinmoleculartransferrate,notliquid-gasequilibrium.（）

A:對B:錯

答案:錯Inanabsorptionprocess,ifthegasishighlysolubleintheabsorbent,itmeansthemasstransferresistanceismainlyfromthe______phase.（）

A:noneaboveB:liquidC:liquidandgasD:gas

答案:gasWhichstatementsonabsorptionareright.（）.

A:Inanabsorptionprocess,ifthegasishighlysolubleintheabsorbent,itmeansthemasstransferresistanceismainlyfromtheliquidphase.B:Absorptionisamasstransferprocessfromgasphasetoliquidphase.C:ThelargerHenry’scoefficient,thelowersolubilityofgasisinthesolvent.D:Whenreachingabsorptionequilibrium,neitherabsorptionnordesorptionishappening.

答案:Absorptionisamasstransferprocessfromgasphasetoliquidphase.；ThelargerHenry’scoefficient,thelowersolubilityofgasisinthesolvent.Whichapproachesbelowcanminimizetheconcentrationofpollutantsintheoutletgas.（）.

A:reducetheamountoftreatedgasB:increasetheamountofabsorbentsC:NoneaboveD:increaseheightofabsorptiontower

答案:reducetheamountoftreatedgas；increasetheamountofabsorbents；increaseheightofabsorptiontower

第六章單元測試

Adsorptionismoreusefultoseparatelowortraceconcentratedpollutants.（）

A:錯B:對

答案:對vanderWaalsadsorptionhasahigherselectivitytowardstargetadsorbates.（）

A:對B:錯

答案:錯Forthedifferencesbetweenchemicaladsorptionandphysicaladsorption,whichfollowingstatementiswrong_______.（）

A:Inachemicaladsorptionprocess,singleadsorptionlayerwillbeformed.B:Chemicaladsorptionhasalowerselectivitytowardstargetadsorbates.C:Thetemperaturehasamoresignificanteffectontheadsorptionrateofachemicaladsorptionprocess.D:PhysicaladsorptionisalsocalledvanderWaalsadsorption,whilechemicaladsorptionisalsocalledactivatedadsorption.

答案:Chemicaladsorptionhasalowerselectivitytowardstargetadsorbates.Whicharecommonlyusedadsorbents?（）

A:QuartzsandB:ActivatedcarbonC:ZeoliteD:Silicagel

答案:Activatedcarbon；Zeolite；SilicagelAgoodadsorbentshouldpossessthefollowingfeatures:（）

A:LargesizeB:GoodphysicalstrengthC:HighselectivityD:Highporosity

答案:Goodphysicalstrength；Highselectivity；Highporosity

第七章單元測試

Membranedistillationisdrivenbythevaporpressuredifferenceduetothetemperaturedifferenceofsolutionsinthetwosidesofmembrane.（）

A:對B:錯

答案:對Theseparationmechanismsforreverseosmosismembraneissizeexclusion.（）

A:錯B:對

答案:錯Whatisthemembranetypeforthelaststepofseawaterdesalination:（）

A:UltrafiltrationB:ReverseosmosisC:MicrofiltrationD:Nanofiltration

答案:ReverseosmosisWhataretheadvantagesofmembraneseparationcomparedtootherseparationtechniques:（）

A:nophasechangeB:canrealizecontinuousoperationC:nochemicalchangeD:usuallycarriedoutathightemperature

答案:nophasechange；canrealizecontinuousoperation；nochemicalchangeWhichfollowingstatementsonmembraneseparationsaretrue:（）

A:Allmembraneprocessesaredrivenbyhydraulicpressure.B:Membraneshavemanyapplications,suchaswatertreatment,gasseparationandmedicines&solventrecovery.C:Reverseosmosismembraneisusuallyusedforseawaterdesalination.D:Theperformanceofmembranesareusuallyjudgedbypermeabilityandselectivity.

答案:Membraneshavemanyapplications,suchaswatertreatment,gasseparationandmedicines&solventrecovery.；Reverseosmosismembraneisusuallyusedforseawaterdesalination.；Theperformanceofmembranesareusuallyjudgedbypermeabilityandselectivity.

第八章單元測試

Thereactionprocessisasteadystateprocess,andthecompositionofeachplaceinthereactordoesnotchangewithtime.Thisisthebasiccharacteristicsof（）.

A:FillandDrawoperationB:BatchoperationC:ContinuousoperationD:Semi-batchoperation

答案:ContinuousoperationForareactionsystemconsistingofreactions(1)and(2),Bisaddedtothereactorfirst,followedbythecontinuousadditionofA.Thefollowingqualitativedescriptionofthechangeinconcentrationofthecomponentsinthereactionsystembeforetheendofthereactioninsemi-intermittentoperationisincorrect（）.

A+B→P，r1＝k1cAcB(1)

A+P→Q，r2＝k2cAcP(2)

A:GradualincreaseintheconcentrationofcomponentQ;B:GraduallyincreasingconcentrationofcomponentC:GradualdecreaseinconcentrationofcomponentB;D:increasingandthendecreasingconcentrationsofcomponentP;

答案:GraduallyincreasingconcentrationofcomponentTherelationshipbetweenthedeath-rAandthenumberofviablebacteriacAcanbeapproximatedas:-rA=kcA(wherekisthedeathrateconstant).Abacteriaisheatedat392.4Kfor1minandthenumberofviablebacteriadecreasesto1/10ofthenumberbeforeheating,thenthedeathrateconstantofthebacteriais（）

A:2.30h-1B:1.0min-1C:2.30min-1D:1.0h-1

答案:2.30min-1Abatchreactorcontains10.0molofreactionmaterialA.Attheendofthereaction,theremainingamountofAis1.0mol.Ifthereactionproceedsaccordingtothereactionequation2A+B→P,andtheratioofsubstancesofAtoBatthebeginningofthereactionis5:3,thentheconversionofBis（）.

A:75%;B:90%,C:45%.D:54%;

答案:75%;Thefollowingstatementaboutthereactionrateisincorrect（）

A:therateofreactionofthesamecomponentisindependentofthewaythestoichiometricformulaiswrittenB:Thereactionrateisthe"number"oftimesthereactiontakesplaceperunitoftimeC:thereactionrateofareactionastherateofchangeoftheprogressofthereactionwithtimeD:thereactionrateofareactionisindependentofhowthestoichiometryiswritten

答案:thereactionrateofareactionisindependentofhowthestoichiometryiswritten

第九章單元測試

InaCSTRreactor,AisconvertedtoCwithareactionrateequationof-rA(mol·L-1·s-1)=0.15cA.Assumingaflowrateof100L/s,aninitialconcentrationofcA0=0.10mol/LforA,andaconversionrateofxA=90%,Thentherequiredvolumeofthereactor（）.

A:3000L;B:2000L;C:1000L;D:6000L

答案:6000LThesinglereactionA→Boccursinacompletemixedflowreactorwithareactionrateconstantkof0.35h-1,toachieve90%removalofA,theresidencetimeofAinthereactoris（）

A:27.6hB:25.7hC:13.2hD:6.58h

答案:25.7hWeassumethefirst-orderreactionA→Boccursintheplug-flowreactorandcompletemixedflowreactor,respectively,andthereactionrateconstantkisboth0.35h-1.Iftargetremovalrateof90%forAwasachievedinthetwotypesofreactors,theretentiontimeintheplug-flowreactorwas（）thanthatinthecompletemixedflowreactor.

A:thesameB:notsureC:lowerD:higher

答案:lowerTheinfluentintointheaerobicreactoris4000m3/d,andthefinaleffluentfromthesetterdischargedtothereceivingwateris2000m3/d，Thenthereturnratioofsludgeinthesettleris（）.

A:0.5B:2C:1.5D:1

答案:1Thefirst-orderreactionA→Boccursintheplug-flowreactor,andthereactionrateconstantkis0.35h-1.HowmanyhoursdoesAneedtostayinthereactortoachieve90%removalofA?Anirreversiblefirst-orderliquidphasereaction(cA0=10mol/L)occurredinaplug-flowreactor,andtheconversionrateofAwas90%.Ifthetreatmentcapacityofthereactorsystemiskeptconstant,andtwo-thirdsoftheeffluentisrecycledtothereactorinlet,thentheconversionrateofAwillchangeto（）?

A:66%B:78%C:93%D:60%

答案:78%

第十章單元測試

ThefollowingstatementsaboutcellyieldcoefficientsYx/sbasedonsubstratemassandYx/cbasedoncarbonelementarecorrect.（）

A:Yx/scanbelessthan1orgreaterthan1;Yx/cislessthan1.B:Yx/sislessthan1;Yx/ccanbelessthan1orgreaterthan1.C:Yx/sislessthan1;Yx/cislessthan1.D:Yx/sislessthan1;Yx/cislessthan1.

答案:Yx/scanbelessthan1orgreaterthan1;Yx/cislessthan1.Inbiologicaltreatmentofwastewater,theav