20222023學(xué)年安徽省滁州市定遠縣重點學(xué)校高一（下）月考英

語試卷（5月份）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,wh沁hiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）-Thehostelsin

Romeofferabedinadormroomforaround$25anight,andforthat,you'lloftengettostayinacentral

locationwithsecurityandcomfort.

IfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellowHostel.It'soneof

thebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.It'saffordable,andit'sgotafunatmospherewithout

being（oonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemaintrainstation.

Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staff

membersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanarea

ontherooftoptorhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.

Ifyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodernhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.ltoffersbeautiful

furnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too：itdoesn'tchargecitytax：ithasbothair

conditioningandaheaterforthero:）ms；italsohasfreeWi-Fiineveryroom.

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystationandit'scloseto

allofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyouwithamapofthecity

whenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,youneedtopay2eurosadayfor

Wi-Fi.

1.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?

A.Comfort.B.Security.C.Price.D.Location.

2.Whichhostelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?

A.YellowHostel.B.HostelAlessandroPalace.

C.YouthStationHostel.D.HotelandHostelDesArtistes.

3.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.

C.ItchargesforWi-Fi.D.It'sinconvenientlylocated.

B

AboutamonthafterIjoinedFacebook,IgotacallfromLoriGoler,ahighlyregardedseniordirectorof

marketingateBay.Shemadeitclearthiswasabusinesscall."Iwanttoapplytoworkwithyouat

Facebook,“shesaid."Insteadofrecommendingmyself,Iwanttoaskyou：Whatisyourbiggestproblem,

andhowcanIsolveit?"

Myjawhitthefloor.Ihadhiredthousandsofpeopleoverthepreviousdecadeandnoonehadeversaid

anythingremotelylikethat.Peopleusuallyfocusonfindingtherightroleforthemselves,withthe

implicationthattheirskillswillhelpthecompany.LoriputFacebook'sneedsfrontandcenter.ltwasa

killerapproach.Iresponded,"Recruitingismybiggestproblem.And,yes,youcansolveit."

Lorineverdreamedshewouldworkinrecruiting,butshejumpedin.Sheevenagreedtotradeearningsfor

acquiringnewskillsinanewfield.Lorididagreatjobrunningrecruitingandwithinmonthswaspromoted

tohercurrentjob,leadingPeople儉Facebook.

Themostcommonmetaphorforcareersisaladder,butthisconceptnolongerappliestomostworkers.As

of2010,theaverageAmericanhadelevenjobsfromtheagesofeighteentoforty-sixalone.Lorioften

quotesPattieSellers,whocameupwithamuchbettermetaphor："Careersareajunglegym,nota

ladder."

AsLoridescribesit,there'sonlyonewaytogettothetopofaladder,buttherearemanywaystogetto

thetopofajunglegym.Thejungleeymmodelbenefitseveryone,butespeciallywomenwhomightbe

startingcareers,switchingcareers,gettingblockedbyexternalbaniers,orreenteringtheworkforceafter

takingtimeoff.Theabilitytocreateauniquepathwithoccasionaldips,detours（彎路）,andevendead

endspresentsgreatviewsofmanypeople,notjustthoseatthetop.Onaladder,mostclimbersarcstuck

staringatthebuttof（hepersonabove.

4.WhydidLorimakethecall?

A.ShehelpedFacebook(osolvethebiggestproblem.

B.ShewantedtomakeabusinessdealwithFacebook.

C.Shetried(oaskforapayriseinFacebook.

D.ShewantedtobecomeanemployeeinFacebook.

5.Whatimpressed"I"byLori?

A.Loriwasgoodatrunningrecruiting.

B.LoriattachedgreatimportancetoFacebook'sneeds.

C.LorijumpedinFacebookwithnoadequateexperience.

D.LoriwasskilledinmarketingateBay.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Nowallpeopledon'ttendtoclimb(heladder.

B.Noneontheladdercanenjoythegreatviews.

C.Junglegymsofferlimitedexplorationforemployees.

D.Apregnantwoman,jobless,benefitslittlefromthejunglegyms.

7.Whaiis(hebesttitleofthepassage?

A.It'saJungleGym,NotaLadder.

B.Facebook'sBiggestProblem.

C.ApplyingforaJobinFacebook.

D.AJungleGymisBetterthenaLadder.

c

Scientistshavediscoveredthatratshaveadaptedtomodernhumanlife,evenadaptingtheirdietstothe

citiestheylivein.

Thescientistsclaimthatitcouldbepossiblethathumansandratshavehadsimilarchangesintheirgenetic

make-up,duetomoderncitylife.ThedownsideofthechangesintheDNAisthattheycouldmakerats

susceptiblelothesamehealthproblemsashumans,suchaspollutantsandsugaryfoods.

Thestudyshowedthatrats'd沁tshavealsoadaptedtotheircnvironnicnt.InNewYork,youcanseethem

eatbagelsandbeer；inParis,theylikecroissantsandbutter.Theyadaptinamazingways.Thescientists

alsoanalyzedthegenomes(基因組.)of29NewYorkratsandcomparedthemwiththoseofninebrown

ratsfromHeilongjiangProvince,north-eastChina.Thefindingshowedthatdozensofratgeneshadbeen

throughmajorDNAchangesoverthecenturies,astheratsspreadfromAsiatoEuropeandAmerica,and

fromthecountrysideandintocities.

Thechangedgeneswereassociatedwithdiet,behavior,andmovement,whichaddedpressuresand

challengesfortherattoovercomc.Thiscouldreflectthefactthaturbanratshavetomovethroughhighly

artificialenvironmentsthatareverydifferentfromnaturalhabitats.Sothesegenechangesmighthave

evolvedtohelpthemmovemoreeasilythroughundergroundchannelsandpipes.

Astheratsarecloselyassociatedwithcity-livinghumans,thescientistsbelievethatitispossiblethat

similarchangeshavehappenedinbothspecies.

InOctober2019,scientistsusedratstosuccessfullytestanenzyme(酶)thatcouldbeusedtohelppeople

quitsmoking.Twogroupsofratsweretrainedtoself-administernicotine,andovertwoweekstheir

nicotineintakesincreased,suggestingaddiction.Then,onegroupofratswasgiventheenzyme,which

ledtoadecreasednicotineincakc.Thcscientistssaythattheenzymecouldbedevelopedfbrhumanusein

thefuiurc.

8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedphrase"susceptibleto"inparagraph2?

A.Notlikelytobecuredof.B.Beingdisease-resistantto.

C.Verylikelytobeaffectedby.D.Beingthoroughlyexposedto.

9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowinthethirdparagraph?

A.Ratsinthecityareparticularabouttheirfood.

B.Raisindifferemcitieshavedifferentgeneticmake-up.

C.Ratsaredistributedineverycontinentoftheearth.

D.Ratshavebeenadjustingthemselves(otheenvironment.

10.Whaiis(hepurposeoftestinganenzymeonrats?

A.Toexplorerats'survivalability.

B.Tohelppeoplestopsmoking.

C.Tolearnmoreaboutcityrats.

D.Totellapartnicotineandenzyme.

11.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?

A.RatsHaveAdaptedtoModernHumanLife

B.RatsiniheCityHaveVarietiesofDiets

C.RatsArcMoreAdaptablethanHumans

D.RatsHave（heSameGeneticMake-uptoHumans

D

ItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesor

theAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimales（靈長類動物）.Orwewould

probablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchof

meat.Withoutcompetition,Columbuswouldn'thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhave

inventedthelightbulb.

FriendshipJikeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople,involvescompetition.ltisn'tcompetitionina

traditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition?

thesimultaneous（同時）demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchas

nutrients.livingspace,orlight-betterexplainsit.

Asinnature.highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws.similartoashortenedversionofDarwin'stheory

ofevolution,overpopulation,andconipetition.Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandto

distinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing（分類）takeplace.Inhighschool,friendshipslearntocoexist

withcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.InfacUinsomecircumstance,competition

istoomuchofaburdenfbrafriendshiptobear,causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhigh

schoolobjective.Fouryearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades,andastudent'sfateisdeterminednot

onlybytheseachievements,butbyiherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachieveasimilar

recognition.

Nevertheless,bynecessity,competiconbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsand

improvesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Aheahhy,friendlycompetitioncanhave

onlybenefits,butwhenitbecomestoofierce,jealousy（妒忌）cantearfriendshipsapart.Yet,despiteall

this,withoutcompetition,wewouldbelost.

12.Whatdocstheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?

A.Ilowtowinthecompetition.

B.Howfriendscompetewitheachother.

C.Whatcompetitionexactlyis.

D.What（heresultofcompetitionis.

13.According(othewriter,wecaninferthathighschoolstudcn:scompeteisbecause.

A.theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.

B.theyarcdividedintodifferentgroups.

C.friendshipisaburdenforthem.

D.thenumberof(hemistoolarge.

14.Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandcompetition?

A.Friendshipisalwaysbasedoncompetition.

B.Thedegreeofcompetitionisvital(ofriendship.

C.Competitionisaresultoflostfriendship.

D.Competitionisterriblyharmfultofriendships.

15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof"competition"?

A.Theresultofcompetitionarcoutofcontrol.

B.Competitionbecomesfierceinhighschool.

C.Competitioniscertaintohappenatschool.

D.Friendshipisnotasimponantascompetitionatschool.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)

HowtotestbestIt'sback(oschool,whichmeansit'sbacktotests,whichmightalsomeansit'sbackto

beingmajorlystressedout.(I)Herearesomesimplewaystopreparethoroughlyfortests.

Schedulesiudylime.

Tryingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatestmakesitimpossibletomasterallthematerials.(2)

Instead,prepareforatestbyschedulingstudytimeeachdayforseveraldaysbefore.

Useyourlimewisely.

(3)Also,makesureyouhaveallthesupplies(用具)youneedtostudysoyoudon'tlosefocus.

Whilestudying,besuretomakeregularshortbreaks.Gelasnack,lakeabathroombreakorplayaquick

computergamewhenitfeelsasifyourbrainisabouttoexplode.

(4)______

Studyingwithaparentorfriendscanhelpyouunderstandthematerialbetterandtolearnfromoneanother.

Haveeverypersonorpairtakeapariofthematerial,andcomeupwithquestionstoquizthegroup.Keep

thegroupsmall.Haveeveryonetaketurnsasihegroupleader,whowillassignthematerial,andmakesure

thatconversationstaysonwhatisbeingstudied.

Don'tforgetlast-minutepreparation.

Haveyoursharpenedpencilsandotherthingsinyourbagreadythenightbefore(hetest.It'simportani(o

getagoodnight'ssleepandtheneatingahealthybreakfastthenextmorning.(5)

Also,studyingallthewayupuntillesttimecanonlycreatemoreanxiety.Stopstudyinganhour

beforehand.

A.Formastudygroup.

B.Staycoolbeforethetest.

C.1(doesn'thavetobethisway.

D.Thiswillhelpyoustoreimportantinformation.

E.Thisway,bothyourmindandbodyarefullyprepared.

F.Beforestudying,clearyourdesksoyoucanconcentrate.

G.Itwillalsomakeyou(iredands:ressedonthedayofthetest.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)

OnJanuary15,2016.1awokeat2：30ambecauseIneededwater.Afterdrinkingsome.Iwaswalkingback

upstairsfromthekitchenwhen1(21)thebulldog(牛頭犬).Rock.WhenImadeittothebottomofthe

stairs,hewasrunningup.Buthehacnever(22)tothestairsbefore.NowIknowthatwashiswayof

informingmeofthe(23).

WhenIturnedaround.Isawsomelight.butIrememberedIhadn't(24)alighton.Walking(25)toit.Ifound

itwasfire.Itbecameabigfiresoon.(26)shoutingtomywife(owakeupandgetourthreekids.Icutoutthe

plasticthatcoveredthewindow(olhc(27).ThcnIhurriedlygoteverybodyoutontheroof.Wc(28)for

hclp.buthelpnevercame.

Thefirebecameveiyfierce(兇猛的).Evenworse,!wasscaredofheightsandhadphvsical(29)mv

rheumatoidarthritis(類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎),butIcouldn'tmind.ljustjumpedandgotinjuredwhenI(30),

butIdidn'tcareaboutit.

Ifoundour(31),placeditagainstthehouse,andclimbedbackuptotherooftosaveothers.WhenItriedto

saveRock.hciust(32)in(heblacksmokc.Ineversawhim(33)again.

I'mnotahero,butRockisj'mjusta(n)(34)personhelpingmywifeandchildrenwhilehelivedto(35)us.

21.A.heardB.raisedC.rememberedD.ignored

22.A.lookedupB.comeupC.usedupD.pickedup

23.A.resultB.effectC.dangerD.injury

24.A.passedB.heldC.putD.turned

25.A.lateB.happilyC.closeD.quietly

26.A.ImmediatelyB.CarefullyC.CuriouslyD.Luckily

27.A.floorB.roofC.worldD.path

28.A.paidB.appliedC.stoodD.shouted

29.A.featuresB.advantagesC.backgroundsD.issues

30.A.flewB.landedC.wavedD.struggled

31.A.dogB.branchC.ladderD.rope

32.A.wrestledB.jumpedC.disappearedD.played

33.A.pleasedB.aliveC.energeticD.formal

34.A.kindB.significantC.braveD.ordinary

35.A.protectB.greetC.believeD.appreciate

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.Chopsticksareshapedpairsofequal-lengthsticksthathavebeenusedinthekitchenandonthe

(ableinalmostallofEastAsiaforover6,000years.First(I)(use)by(he

Chinese.chopstickslaterspreadtootherlocations(2)(include)

Japan.Korea.Malaysia.Singapore.ThailandandVietnam.

InancientChina,chopstickssignifiedfarmorethantools(3)takefoodtothemouth,andthey

alsosignifiedstatusandrules"can"and"can't*'.DuringtheNorthernSongDynasty,(4)

officialnamedTangSuoncehaddinnerwiththeemperor.Hewasnotwellinformedinnobletabic

mannersand(5)(lay)downhischopstickshorizontallyonthetablebeforetheemperor

did.Asaresult,hewassenttoafrontierareaasa(6)(punish).

Actuallyjhcrcwereoveradozentaboosconcerningchopsticks.Forexample,theycouldnotbeplaced

(7)(vertical)intoadish,asthiswasawayofmakingsacrificestothedead.Dinerscould

nottap(8)pushadishwithchopsticks.noruseachopstickasafork.Whentakingfbodjhey

couldnotlettheirchopsticksgofromonedishtoanotherorcrossever(9)ofothers.When

dinerswanted(10)(put)downtheirchopsticksduringameal,theywouldplacethem

lengthwaysonachopstickholderoron(heplateontheirright-hardside.Manyofthesechopstick

(aboosarcvalidtothisday.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

五、書面表達(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)

37.你們班同學(xué)打算周六去爬香山.請給外教Chris寫一封英文信，邀請他參加此次活動.具

體內(nèi)容如下：

I.時間：8am-5pm：

2.集合地點:校門口；

3.交通工具：公交車；

4.攜帶物品：雨具，午餐，相機.

注意：I.詞數(shù)不少于50：

2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫：

3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù).

DearChris,

Yours,

Joe.

38.Onacoldwindyday.apoorboytried(opayhiswaythroughschoolbysellinggoodsdoorto

door.Wanderingonthestrcct.hcwasnotasuccessfulseller.What'sworse,hefoundthatheonlyhad

onedime(——角硬IJJ)left.Hisemptystomachremindedhimconstantlythatfordayshehadn'teaten

anything.Hehadnochoicebu((obegforamealatthenexthousc.Hcsitantlyheknockedat

door.thinkingaboutwhattosaywhenitopened.Howcvcr,hclosthisnervewhenalovelyyoung

womanopenedthedoor."WhatcanIdoforyou?"askedtheyoungwoman.Theboypausedtbra

while"Wouldyoupleasegivemesome---adrinkofwater?"theboydarenottolookdirectlyinto

hereyes.Shclookedatthebonyboyandthoughthemightneedsomethingtogivehimenergysoshe

broughthimaglassofmilk.Hisheadrisingandsmallhandstaking(hecup,hedrankitupslowly.and

thenasked,"HowmuchdoIov/eyou?""Youdon'towemeanything,"sherepliedwithawarmsmile

onherface."Mymotherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayfbrakindness."Deeplymovcd.hcsaid

sincerely,"ThenIshallthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart."AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,he

notonlyfellstrongerphysically.binitalsoincreasedhisfaithinGodandthewholehumanrace.Asa

matteroffact,hewasabouttogiveupandquitbeforethatpoint.

Yearslater(heyoungwomanbecamecriticallyill.However.thelocaldoctorswereunabletogive(he

effectivemedicaltreatment.Finallytheysenthertoahospitalinthebigcity,wherespecialistscanbe

calledintocureherraredisease.Amongthosefamousspecialists.Dr.HowardKellywascalledinfor

(heconsuliaiion.Whenheheardihenameofthetownshecamefrom,asirangelighifilledhis

eyes.Immediately,heroseandwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom.

注意：

I.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右：

2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。

Paragraph1：

Dressedinhisdoctor'sgown,hewentintoseeher.

Paragraph2：

Thebillwassenttoherroom.

答案和解析

1?3.【答案】C、B、C

【解析】(1)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymany

choosetoslayinahostel(旅社).對旅行者來說，羅馬可能很昂貴，這就是許多人選擇住旅社的原

因。可知,旅游的人選擇住旅社是因為價格原因。結(jié)合選項:A.Comfort.舒適;B.Security.安全;

C.Price.價格;D.Location.位置。故選C。

(2)B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文HostelAlessandroPalace中的Ifyoulovesocialhosiels,thisisthebest

hosteltbryouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguests

likefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanareaonther(x)ftopforhangingoutwithother

travelersduringthesummer.如果你喜歡社交旅館，這是羅馬最適合你的旅館。旅舍亞歷山德羅宮是

有趣的。工作人員為客人舉辦大量的酒吧活動，如免費酒水，酒吧爬和卡拉0K。屋頂上還有一

個區(qū)域,更天可以和其他游客一圮出去玩.可知,在這個旅館會有大量的衿交活動.因此適合熱

衷社交的旅客。故選B。

(3)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HotelandHostelDesArtistes中的However,youneedtopay2eurosaday

forWi-Fi.但是，你需要支付2歐元/天的Wi-Fi費用。可知，這個酒店需要付費才能上網(wǎng)。結(jié)合選

項：A.ltgetsnoisyatnight"晚上會很吵"；B.ltsstaffistootalkative"它的職員太健

談了"；C.ItchargesforWi-Fi"對Wi-Fi收費”：D.It'sinconvenientlykxrated"它的位置不

方便二故選C。

這是一篇廣告。文章介紹了旅游城市羅馬幾個熱門的酒店，它們有不同的風(fēng)格，供您選擇。

閱讀理解解題步驟：苜先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有

標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心.主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中.應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；

其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，

帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強

的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，

才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

4?7.【答案】D、B、A、A

［解析】I.D.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段"IwanttoapplytoworkwithyouatFacebook,"可

知：打電話的目的就是想到Facebook來應(yīng)聘工作：故選D.

2.B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第二

段Ix）riputFacebook'sneedsfrontandcenter.Itwasakillerapproach.iresponded,可知她和其他應(yīng)

聘者不同的是她最關(guān)心的是公司的需要，將公司的需要和發(fā)展放到了首要位置，而不是僅僅關(guān)心

自己的前途；故選B.

3.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第四段第一Themostcommonmetaphorforcareersisaladder,

butthisconceptnolongerappliestomostworkers.可知現(xiàn)在并不是所有的人都傾向于向高職位上爬

（出人頭地）：其他三項和文中的內(nèi)容描述不完全相符.故選A.

4.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章可知本文強調(diào)的核心話題是不是公司的等級吸引著從業(yè)者，而是公

司的發(fā)展需要激勵著從業(yè)者適時地提高自己的技能來應(yīng)對千變?nèi)f化的社會發(fā)展，所以

It'saJungleGym,NotaLadder.作為文章的標題更吻合文章的主題;故選A.

本文是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，文章主要介紹了一個特殊的應(yīng)聘者感動了作者，這個人應(yīng)聘不是直

接描述自己的特長和想應(yīng)聘的職位，而是詢問公司的需求是什么，從而引發(fā)了作者更深的思考.

考查學(xué)生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細行理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比

較，再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事

實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.

8?11.【答案】C、D、B、A

【解析】（l）C.詞義推測題.第二段第一句提到“

Thescientistsclaimthatitcouldbepossiblethathumansandratshavehadsimilarchangesintheirgenet

icmake-up,duetomoderncitylife."（科學(xué)家宣稱人類和老鼠在基因構(gòu)成方面有相似的變化,這

是有可能的）,再由劃線短語所在句"ThedownsideofthechangesintheDNA"（基因變化的負面

影響），"thesamehealthproblemsashumans（和人類相同的健康問題），由此可推測，劃線短語

所在句的意思是‘基因變化的負面影響是，它們可能使老鼠容易受到和人類相同的健康問題的影響

”，所以劃線短語的意思是“易受影響”.故選C.

（2）D.推理判斷題.第三段首句提到

"Thestudyshowedthatrats'dietshavealsoad叩ledtotheirenvironmeni."（研究表明老鼠已經(jīng)適

應(yīng)了它們的環(huán)境".）接下來舉例："Thescientistsalsoanalyzedihegenomes（基因組）

of29NewYorkratsandcomparedthemwith（hoseofninebrownratsfromHeilongjiangProvince,

north-eastChina.ThefindingshowedthatdozensofratgeneshadbeenthroughmajorDNAchangeso

verthecenturies,astheratsspreadfromAsiatoEuropeandAmerica.

andfromihecountrysideandintocilies."（紐約和巴黎的老鼠以驚人的方式適應(yīng)著，并提到科學(xué)家

把紐約老鼠和黑龍江棕鼠的基因作比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)老鼠基因已經(jīng)發(fā)生變化.）由此可推測，第三段主

要是想說明”老鼠已經(jīng)使自己適應(yīng)了環(huán)境”.故選D.

（3）B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"InOctober2019,scientistsusedratstosuccessfullytest

anenzyme（酶）thatcouldbeusedtohelppeoplequitsmoking."（在2019年10月，科學(xué)家使用

老鼠成功地測試了一個可以幫助人們戒煙的酶）可知，科學(xué)家用老鼠測試酶是為了幫助人們戒

煙.故選B.

（4）A.標題歸納題.Scientistshavediscoveredthatratshaveadaptedtomodernhumanlife,

evenadaptingtheirdietstothecitiestheylivein.（科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，老鼠已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代人類的生活，

甚至適應(yīng)了它們所居住的城市的飲食.）是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述一

項調(diào)查結(jié)果，科學(xué)家宣稱老鼠已經(jīng)通過改變基因構(gòu)成，適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代的城市生活，所以“老鼠已經(jīng)

適應(yīng)人類現(xiàn)代生活”適合作文章標題.故選A.

這是一篇說明文.科學(xué)家宣稱老鼠已經(jīng)通過改變基因構(gòu)成，適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代的城市生活.

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對

未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷：或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋.讀者首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點.

12?15.【答案】C、D、B、C

【解析】（DC.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Itisn'tcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausethere

arenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinitioniihesimultaneousdemandby

twoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrients,livingspace.orlight-betier

explainsit.”這不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的競爭，因為沒有進球和獎品。也許生態(tài)學(xué)的定義-兩個或兩個以上

的有機體同時需要有限的環(huán)境資源，如營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、生存空間或光線-更好地解釋了這一點。生態(tài)

定義解釋了競爭是什么。故C項正確。

（2）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguish

themjankingandcategorizingtakeplace."有大量的高中生,為了區(qū)分他們,進行排名和分類。可知,

造成高中生競爭的原因是高中生數(shù)量過于龐大，故D項正確。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Ahealthy.friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits.but

whenitbecomestoofierce.jealousycantearfriendshipsapart."友好的競爭能帶來好處，但當競爭過

于激烈時?，妒忌會把友誼撕裂，由此推知競爭的程度對友誼至關(guān)亙要，故B項正確。

（4）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Never【heless,bynecessity,con】petitionbetweenstudentsexists

inallaspectsofhighschoollife.”然而，學(xué)生之間的競爭不可避免地存在于高中生活的各個方面。可

知，作者認為學(xué)校肯定存在競爭，故C項正確。

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了競爭推動了人類社會的發(fā)展以及如何在競爭和友誼中尋求平衡。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語

句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分

析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16?20.【答案】C、G、F、A、E

【解析】（I）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句

It'sbacktoschool,whichmeansit'sbacktotests,whichmightalsomeansit'sbacklobeingmajorlystrc

ssedoul表示"又回到學(xué)校，意味著又回到了考試，也可能意味著又回到了壓力很大的狀態(tài)”；以及

后句Herearesomesimplewaystopreparethoroughlyfortests表示"這里有一些簡單的方法來為測試

做充分的準備”，可知表示"不一定要這樣”的選項C可以起到承上啟下的作用，故選C.

（2）G.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前句

Tryingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatestmakesitimpossibletomasterallthematerials表示“試

著在考試前一天晚上復(fù)習(xí)所有的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容不可能使你掌握所有的內(nèi)容”，可知表示“它也會讓你在

考試當天感到疲憊和壓力”的選項G符合前后的語境，i（代指

Tiyingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatest,故選G.

（3）F.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)后句Also,makesureyouhaveallthesupplies（用具）

youneedtostudysoyoudon'tlosefocus表示"同時，確保你有學(xué)習(xí)所需的所有用品，這樣你就不會

失去注意力"，可知表示"在學(xué)習(xí)之前，整理一下你的桌子，這樣你就可以集中注意力了”的選項F

符合前后的語境，focus和concentrate是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選F.

（4）A.主旨判斷題。根據(jù)后句

Studyingwithaparentorfriendscanhelpyouunderstandthematerialbetterandtolearnfromoneanoth

er表示"與父母或朋友一起學(xué)習(xí)可以幫助你更好地理解材料，并相互學(xué)習(xí)”，以及后文對學(xué)習(xí)小組

的介紹，可知表示"組成一個學(xué)習(xí)小組"的選項A符合本段的主題，Studyingwithaparentorfriends

和astudygroup是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選A.

(5)E.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)主題句Don'tforgetlast-minutepreparation表示"別忘了最后時刻的準備”,

以及后文對考前準備工作的介紹，可知表示“這樣，你的身心都做好了充分的準備”的選項E符合

前后的語境，preparation和prepared是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選E.

又回到學(xué)校，意味著又回到了考試，也可能意味著又回到了壓力很大的狀態(tài)，本文介紹一些為測

試做充分的準備的簡單方法。

七選五解題策略

I)從意思上判斷在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，正確理解了這些句子后，根據(jù)意思

的連我性、邏輯性或者線索詞從選項中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)匕再利用線索特征詞

等進一步確認答案。

2)從詞匯上鎖定線索做保持對一些線索詞的敏感是非常重要的，要好好關(guān)注空白前后的名詞和動

詞，然后在選項中查找它們的近義詞、反義詞、同義詞、同類詞等。其次是一些專有名詞，比如

說數(shù)詞、代詞、時間、年代、地點/名稱等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋

找答案是很有效的方法。

3)從關(guān)聯(lián)詞作為切入點，通常，