ICS29.020

CCSK09

中華人民共和國國家標準化指導性技術文件

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

機械電氣安全第1部分：用于保護

人員安全的傳感器

Electricalsafetyofmachinery—Part1：Safety?relatedsensorsusedforthe

protectionofpersons

（IECTS62998?1：2019，Safetyofmachinery—Safety?relatedsensorsusedfor

theprotectionofpersons，IDT）

2024?12?31發布2025?07?01實施

國家市場監督管理總局

國家標準化管理委員會發布

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅴ

引言··························································································································Ⅵ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規范性引用文件········································································································1

3術語和定義··············································································································2

3.1特性和性能········································································································3

3.2可信度··············································································································4

3.3規程和結構的商議·······························································································5

3.4系統相關術語·····································································································7

3.5融合·················································································································8

3.6安全相關信息·····································································································8

3.7試驗················································································································10

3.8用戶類別··········································································································11

3.9驗證和確認·······································································································12

4生命周期以及與安全相關控制系統（SCS）的相互聯系······················································13

4.1通則················································································································13

4.2危險和風險分析·································································································15

4.3對應SRS/SRSS性能等級····················································································16

5設計和開發階段······································································································17

5.1通則················································································································17

5.2SRS/SRSS功能································································································17

5.3設計分析··········································································································18

5.4模擬················································································································18

5.5感應區·············································································································19

5.6安全相關區·······································································································19

5.7自動化相關區····································································································19

5.8檢測能力和可信性······························································································19

5.9用戶界面··········································································································23

6集成和安裝階段······································································································25

6.1通則················································································································25

6.2將SRS融合到一個SRSS中·················································································26

6.3用戶校準··········································································································29

7工作、維護和修改階段·······························································································30

Ⅰ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

8驗證和確認············································································································30

8.1通用要求··········································································································30

8.2SRS/SRSS的驗證·····························································································30

8.3SRS/SRSS的確認·····························································································31

8.4分析················································································································32

8.5試驗················································································································33

9使用說明···············································································································35

附錄A（資料性）系統性能力的檢查················································································37

附錄B（資料性）用戶類別····························································································38

B.1SRS/SRSS用戶類別和本文件所涵蓋的用戶類別······················································38

B.2融合所涉及的用戶類別·······················································································38

附錄C（資料性）功能分解和/或整合··············································································41

附錄D（規范性）模擬模型的生成和應用··········································································43

D.1概述···············································································································43

D.2使用建議·········································································································43

D.3模擬目標及實現措施··························································································43

D.4驗證···············································································································44

附錄E（資料性）兒童屬性和行為···················································································46

E.1概述···············································································································46

E.2身體部位的尺寸································································································46

附錄F（資料性）環境影響····························································································50

F.1概述···············································································································50

F.2環境影響應用示例1···························································································50

F.3環境影響應用示例2···························································································51

附錄G（資料性）導致SRS/SRSS安全相關功能喪失的故障、失效和影響································53

G.1概述···············································································································53

G.2危險失效·········································································································55

G.3正常運行·········································································································56

G.4作為安全相關信息一部分的觸發故障反應功能和置信度信息的信號······························56

附錄H（資料性）試驗因素····························································································58

H.1概述···············································································································58

H.2機械影響試驗···································································································58

附錄I（資料性）功能、安全相關信息和融合的示例·····························································61

I.1功能示例··········································································································61

I.2安全相關信息示例······························································································61

I.3融合示例··········································································································63

Ⅱ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

參考文獻····················································································································66

圖1測量準確度和測量不確定度·····················································································4

圖2SRS結構示例1···································································································13

圖3SRS結構示例2···································································································14

圖4SRSS結構示例···································································································14

圖5SRS/SRSS危險和風險分析流程·············································································15

圖6SRS/SRSS的安全相關信息···················································································24

圖A.1使用安全相關傳感器標準對系統性能力進行檢查的示例············································37

圖C.1功能和物體之間的相互聯系················································································41

圖C.2在SRSS中執行的功能示例················································································42

圖D.1驗證流程········································································································45

圖E.1兒童身高·········································································································47

圖E.2兒童胸深·········································································································47

圖E.3兒童頭寬·········································································································48

圖E.4兒童頭長·········································································································49

圖G.1因喪失或繞過安全功能而導致額外風險的故障、失效或錯誤組合··································53

圖G.2在設計和開發階段防止因危險失效而導致系統性故障的系統性能力分析·······················54

圖G.3針對導致故障反應功能的系統性故障的應對方式·····················································56

圖G.4針對產生相關置信度信息的錯誤的應對方式···························································56

圖I.1SRS在道路交叉口的應用示例··············································································61

圖I.2提供判定和置信度信息的SRS/SRSS示例······························································62

圖I.3SRS/SRSS提供測量和置信度信息的示例·······························································62

圖I.4將2個SRS融合到一個SRSS以產生組合感應區的第一個示例···································63

圖I.5SRS安全相關信息的融合····················································································64

圖I.6根據SRS使用說明和SRSS安全要求規范進行的驗證和確認方法································64

圖I.7將2個SRS融合到一個SRSS以產生組合感應區的第二個示例···································65

表1所需要的最低SRS/SRSS性能等級與安全性能等級之間的對應關系·······························16

表2SRS/SRSS功能（在適當的情況下）··········································································18

表3包含環境要求的標準····························································································21

表4在高要求模式下因環境干擾導致危險失效（檢測能力喪失）的限值···································22

表5在高要求率條件下所需要的最低包含概率/判定概率····················································25

表6兩個SRS融合之后所適用的SRSS最高性能等級·······················································28

表7用于評估驗證措施和驗證結果的方法·······································································31

表8需要提供的使用說明概覽······················································································36

Ⅲ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

表B.1各種用戶類別的角色和任務·················································································38

表B.2（使用檢測單元、SRS/SRSS元件或SRS子系統的）不同集成類型所涉及的用戶類別········39

表D.1低復雜度SRS/SRSS的模擬目標與措施································································43

表D.2高復雜度SRS/SRSS的模擬目標與措施································································44

表E.1兒童身高·········································································································46

表E.2兒童胸深·········································································································47

表E.3兒童頭寬·········································································································48

表E.4兒童頭長·········································································································48

表F.1符合IEC60721?3?5的環境影響和等級示例1···························································50

表F.2符合IEC60721?3?3的環境影響和等級示例2··························································52

表G.1表G.2數值計算所使用的要求率··········································································55

表G.2高要求率條件下因環境影響所導致的危險失效（檢測能力喪失）限值·····························55

表H.1機械影響試驗的試驗計劃和試驗結果示例······························································59

Ⅳ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結構和起草規則》的規

定起草。

本文件是GB/Z44938《機械電氣安全》的第1部分。GB/Z44938已經發布了以下部分：

——第1部分：用于保護人員安全的傳感器；

——第2部分：保護人員安全的傳感器的應用示例。

本文件等同采用IECTS62998?1：2019《機械安全用于保護人員安全的傳感器》。文件類型由

IEC的技術規范調整為我國的國家標準化指導性技術文件。

本文件做了下列最小限度的編輯性改動：

——為與現有標準協調，將標準名稱改為《機械電氣安全第1部分：用于保護人員安全的傳

感器》；

——附錄E增加了注，補充說明中國兒童屬性和行為測量數據信息。

請注意本文件的某些內容可能涉及專利。本文件的發布機構不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由中國機械工業聯合會提出。

本文件由全國工業機械電氣系統標準化技術委員會（SAC/TC231）歸口。

本文件起草單位：北京機床研究所有限公司、西安交通大學、中國石油大學（北京）、廈門夏博電子

科技有限公司、廣東拓斯達科技股份有限公司、永林電子股份有限公司、上海長江汲智傳感技術有限公

司、鄭州煤機智能工作面科技有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：薛瑞娟、王金江、吳翟、張穎、林啟敬、黃祖廣、趙立波、吳怡然、張培森、高知國、

王楚婷、羅國希、李詩文、梁振鋒、林啟程、薛文鋒、張文琦。

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GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

引言

安全相關傳感器主要用于存在人員受傷風險的機械設備上。安全相關傳感器可使機器在有人處

于危險狀況前回復到安全狀態，從而實現人員保護。目前，傳感器行業主要使用通用功能安全標準

IEC61508系列標準，或者具體領域的機械標準IEC62061和ISO13849系列標準作為安全相關產品

的設計指南，但這些標準并未就對于在特定環境條件下如何避免設計失敗或無法檢測指定物體，給出

足夠的指導，可能導致無法承受的人員風險。GB/Z44938明確了傳感器或傳感器系統的功能安全，規

范了傳感器和傳感器系統在系統性方面的開發與集成的要求，填補了具體傳感器設計標準與電氣、電

子和可編程電子控制系統的通用功能安全標準之間系統性能力驗證方面的空白，GB/Z44938擬由

3個部分組成。

——第1部分：用于保護人員安全的傳感器。目的在于提高我國機械電氣設備的安全水平，保障

相關從業人員的人身安全，指導保護人員安全的傳感器的設計制造與生產使用過程，規范保

護人員安全的傳感器的功能、安全及試驗要求。

——第2部分：保護人員安全的傳感器的應用示例。目的在于為使用第1部分提供指南和應用

示例。

——第3部分：傳感器技術和算法。目的在于指導如何正確實施算法以防止人們承受不可容忍的

風險。

GB/Z44938可提高傳感器或傳感系統的功能安全水平，為安全相關傳感器制造商和安全相關傳

感器系統集成商提供指導。

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