中考英語語法全面精講第十七講、定語從句定語（...的）abeautifulgirlIlikeagirl.Thegirlisbeautiful.Ilikeagirl,andthegirlisbeautiful.【并列句】Ilikeagirlwhoisbeautiful.【定語從句】先行詞關系代詞定語從句1.定語從句就是一句話來修飾名詞。2.定語從句必須置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，所以被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。3.定語從句的關系詞代指先行詞在從句中所做成分。4.凡是出現(xiàn)名詞、代詞的地方就一定有定語。5.如果主句是現(xiàn)在或者將來，從句隨意。如果主句是過去，從句時態(tài)要邏輯對應。\t"/item/%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5/_blank"定語從句由\t"/item/%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5/_blank"關系詞引導，其中which,who,that稱為關系代詞,when,where,why稱為關系副詞。一、關系代詞引導的定語從句：作主語作賓語指人who/thatwho/that（可省略）指物which/thatwhich/that（可省略）that(萬金油)既可以指人，又可以指物who/that指人，在從句中做主語Theboyswho/thatareplayingfootballontheplaygroundarefromClassOne.【拆分】TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootballontheplayground.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.Anoldmanlosthisway.【變成定語從句】第一步：找到兩句話中的共有名詞。YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.Anoldmanlosthisway.第二步：確定主從句，把從句的名詞或代詞用關系詞替換。YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.wholosthisway.第三步：要把關系詞放到從句的句首。YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.wholosthisway.第四步：把關系詞引導的從句置于先行詞的后邊。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway..2.whom/who/that指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom/who/that)youtalkedabout.注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson.Youtalkedabouttheperson.Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow.【變成定語從句】Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow.【先行詞在從句中做賓語可省略】Themanismyfriend.Youmetwho/thatjustnow.Themanismyfriend.who/thatyoumetjustnow.Themanwho/thatyoumetjustnowismyfriend..Themanyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1)Footballisagamewhich/thatislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)【拆分】Footballisagame.Agameislikedbymostboys(2)Thisisthepen.Heboughtthepenyesterday.【變成定語從句】Thisisthepenheboughtyesterday.【注】只用that,不用which的情況：當先行詞是：all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它們修飾時。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以為你做的嗎？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必須做。2）當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。3)當先行詞有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾時。例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我的項鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。4)當先行詞既有人又有物時，用that。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很著名。定語從句練習一、用關系代詞填空：that、which、who1.Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.3.ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.4.Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.5.ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.6.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.7.IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.二、翻譯句子1.不努力學習的學生是不會通過考試的。Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2.這些是我去年在北京照的照片。Thesephotoarethephotos.參考答案一．1.who/that2.(who/that)3.(who/that)4.(which/that)5.(which/that)6.(which/that)7.(that)二．1.whodon’tstudyhard2.whichItookinBeijinglastyear關系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞相當于先行詞在從句中的句法功能whenat/in/on/duringwhich表示時間的詞（組）時間狀語wherein/atwhich表示地點的詞（組）地點狀語whyforwhichreason原因狀語when、where和why引導定語從句時,它們在從句中分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。1.when分析句子成分：IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.定語從句的翻譯：1）AprilFool’sDayisadaywhenpeopleplayjokesonfriends愚人節(jié)是可以和朋友開玩笑的日子。2）我永遠忘不了(第一次來深圳的)那一天。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoShenZhen.when指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞為time,day,morning,night,week,year,moment,period,age等，亦可用“介詞+which”替代。Eg.IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然記得第一次坐飛機旅行的時間。Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingscanbedoneoncomputer.我們生活在許多事情可以在電腦做的時代。2.where分析句子成分：IwillgotothetownwhereIwasborn.定語從句的翻譯：①ThefactorywhereIworkwillclosedown.我工作的那家工廠將倒閉。③這附近有沒有(我可以買到花的)商店？IsthereashopnearherewhereIcanbuyflowers.where指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞通常為place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等，亦可用“介詞+which”替代。Eg.Canyoutellmethecompanywhereheworks?你能告訴我他工作的公司嗎？Keepthebooksinaplacewhereyoucanfindthemeasily.請把書放在容易找到的地方。3.why分析句子成分：Ireallydon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.定語從句的翻譯：①Ididn’ttellhimthereasonwhyIwasafraid.我沒告訴他我為什么害怕的原因。④(我不喜歡那家餐館的)原因是我在那丟過東西。ThereasonwhyIdon’tlikethatrestaurantisthatIoncelostsomethingthere.ThereasonwhyIdosth.isthat...notonly...butalso...ThereasonwhyIlikeEnglishisthatitcannotonlyenrichourknowledgebutalsoopenoureyes.why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason，在定語從句中作原因狀語，亦可用“介詞for+which”替代。Eg.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tjoinhisbirthdayparty?你能告訴我你沒參加他的生日宴會的原因嗎？Sumup:關系副詞when,where和why也可用“介詞+which”來代替，要注意其先行詞(名詞）與介詞的合理搭配，介詞根據(jù)先行詞或定語從句的謂語動詞來確定。when相當于“at/in/on/during+which”where相當于“in/at/on+which”why相當于“for+which”王先生工作的那家工廠是一家鞋廠。Thefactoryisashoefactory.Mr.Wangworksinthefactory.這個句子有以下三種表達方式：Thefactoryisashoefactorywhich/thatMr.Wangworksin.ThefactoryisashoefactoryinwhichMr.Wangworks.ThefactoryisashoefactorywhereMr.Wangworks.并非先行詞是表示時間、地點和原因的詞時都用when,where,why，若先行詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是作主語或賓語，就必須用which或that。定語從句練習一、填入適合的關系詞1.Weoftenthinkofthedayswespenttogetherinthecountryside.2.Weoftenthinkofthedaysweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.3.Webelievethereasonhetoldus.4.Thereasonhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.5.TheschoolIvisitedisbeautiful.6.TheschoolIstudiedisbeautiful.翻譯句子1.這是他爸爸工作的地方。Thisistheplace.2.你能告訴我你遲到的原因么。Canyoutellmethereason.3.我永遠都不會忘記我們在高中學習的那段時光。Iwillneverforgetthetime.參考答案一．1.which/that2.when3.which/that4.why5.which/that6.where二．1.wherehisfatherworks2.whyyouarelate3.whenwestudyinahighmiddleschool非限制性定語從句Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.限定性定語從句他將穿沒有和其他人與眾不同的衣服。Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.非限制性定語從句他將要不穿衣服，這將使他與眾不同。限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句表意與主句關系緊密，不能刪除與主句關系松散，可刪除功能修飾先行詞先行詞或整個句子形式無逗號隔開有逗號隔開，不能使用that關系代詞which在非限制性定語從句，中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語、其他從句或整個主句，在從句中作主語、動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。①which指代主句中的名詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如：Water，whichisaclearliquid，hasmanyuses.水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。②which指代主句中的形容詞。She