專題二閱讀七選五[研高考·辨考向]項目卷別主題語境文章話題考查體裁篇章詞數(shù)設空位置分析段首段中段尾新高考全國卷I2024人與自我詞典的使用說明文307140通過對近三年新高考全國卷閱讀七選五試題的分析，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀七選五有以下特點：1．文章體裁：以說明文為主。2．短文長度：閱讀材料一般是一篇長度為300詞左右的短文，其中正文240詞左右，備選項60詞左右，且選項按照由短到長的順序依次排列。3．考點設置：設空位置多集中在段中，主要考查上下文過渡句、細節(jié)句等；近年來小標題的考查沒有涉及，但也不應忽略；段首、段尾句主要考查主題句、過渡句或結(jié)論性語句。2023人與自我學會自我原諒說明文3050412022人與自我尋找健身伙伴說明文311041新高考全國卷Ⅱ2024人與社會緩解過度旅游的方法說明文2951312023人與社會開啟藝術(shù)之旅說明文3011312022人與自我寫文章的技巧明文說286140[抓規(guī)律·找依據(jù)]第一講利用設空位置解題題型一段首設空題設空在段首，要么與段落標題相關(guān)聯(lián)，要么是段落主題句，要么是段落過渡句，因此選項要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是對本段內(nèi)容的概括。若是針對段落小標題設空，其呈現(xiàn)形式應和其他小標題相同。[典例1](2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations...Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.·Choosemindfully·Getcreative·39._____Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You'llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.A．Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B．So,shouldwestoptraveling?C．Travelforyouandnooneelse.D．Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You'llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou'revisiting.[解析]本空考查段落標題句。觀察其他小標題特點：祈使句，短小精悍。所以答案限定在A或C中。根據(jù)本段中的信息句“skippingmajorholidaysorrushhour”可知，本段建議避開重大假期或高峰時間旅行，即“非高峰時間去旅游”。[答案]A技法點撥：[典例2](2024·全國甲卷)40．______Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陳代謝),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14-16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou'remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.A．Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B．Wedon'talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C．Don'tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D．Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon'tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.[解析]本空考查段落主題句。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，本段講述了從早到晚如何合理飲食。[答案]A技法點撥：[典例3](2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk：dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.37.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.38．__________Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.[解析]本空考查段落過渡句。根據(jù)上段內(nèi)容可知，上段提到詞典的單詞拼寫功能又根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，該段講述了詞典具備的其他功能。空處應引出下文，使上下文銜接。[答案]E技法點撥：題型二段中設空題段中設空屬于對主題句的展開，通常考查與前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文的銜接。段中設空的特點主要是以轉(zhuǎn)折手法引出主題句，或者是用來承上啟下的過渡句，也可能是補充上文的具體事實、事例和說明。解答此類試題時，考生首先應確定所缺的句子是細節(jié)句還是過渡句，對于這兩類句子，應采用不同的方法來解題。[典例4](2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).36.________Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.[解析]本空考查段中細節(jié)句。閱讀空前后內(nèi)容可知，空前談到如果想要出版圖書，提交一份完美的、專業(yè)的手稿至關(guān)重要；空后提到?jīng)]有編輯會容忍一個不愿花心思拼寫正確單詞的作家。所以內(nèi)處應進一步解釋完美、專業(yè)的手稿是什么樣子的，且根據(jù)下句中的相關(guān)詞spellwordscorrectly可確定選項。[答案]F技法點撥：題型三段尾設空題設空在段尾，通常為結(jié)論性、概括性語句，若不是結(jié)論性、概括性語句，則考慮是過渡句，即通過空格把本段與下一段巧妙地銜接起來。[典例5](2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)?Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they'respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it'seasytofeellikeyou'remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.37._________A．Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B．So,shouldwestoptraveling?C．Travelforyouandnooneelse.D．Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You'llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou'revisiting.[解析]本題考查段落總結(jié)句。本段主旨句是“Choosemindfully.”，再根據(jù)空前信息句“Gosomewhere...drawsyou.”可推知，只有當目的地的景色、文化或食物真正吸引你時你再去。空處在結(jié)尾處，應該緊扣本段主旨句和空前內(nèi)容，點明旅行應是為自己而不是為別人，與上文形成順承關(guān)系。[答案]C技法點撥：[典例6](2024·浙江卷1月)Ihavethesame24hoursinadayasyoudo，butIhavemadespecificchoicesthatallowmetomakethemostofeveryday,andstillfeelhappyandrelaxed.31.______·Pickthemostimportant·Combineyouractivities·34.Beanactivelearner·LightenupA．Speedup.B．Beanactivelearner.C．Stoptryingtobalancetimebetweenthemall.D．Makechoicesaboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.E.Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreaterjoy.F.Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.G.Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.[解析]上文提到作者做出選擇，充分利用每一天，但仍舊感到快樂和輕松；根據(jù)下文段落小標題可知，作者就如何充分利用每一天給出了建議，因此空處應承上啟下，引領(lǐng)下文各項建議。[答案]F技法點撥：Test1體裁主題語境難度說明文建立讀書俱樂部★★★☆☆(2024·湛江一模)Settlingdownwithagreatnovelenablesyoutoconsiderideasthatmighthavenevercrossedyourmind,ifyouhadn'tchosenitinthefirstplace.1.___________Ifyouhavetheurgeandarecuriousabouthowtostartabookclub,it'seasierthanyoumightthink.First,findmembers.Reachouttoyourexistingreading-lovingfriendsandpostanoticeinyourlocallibraryorbookstore.Ifyou'reopentoamoredigital-friendlyapproach,putthewordoutaboutyournewclubviaInternet.2.___________Thensetgroupguidelines.Toguaranteeyournewgroupisallonthesamepage,taketimetodiscusswhatyouwanttogetoutofregularclubgatheringsbeforeyourfirstofficialmeeting.Willyourtimetogetherbespentlargelyfocusingonthenovelathand?3.___________Whileenjoyingstimulatingnon-bookconversationovercoffeeandsnacksisinnowayill-advised,noteveryonewhosignsupforabookclubiswillingtorejecttheirnovelforacup.4．___________Booksthatworkreallywellaretheonesthathelpyoureflectonself.Theyhavelotsofentrypointsforpeoplesotheyprobablyhaveagoodsetting.Also,there'sgreatcharacterdevelopment.Selectsomethingwiththecriteria,andyoucanpleaseallkindsofreaders.Asfarashowoftenyoumeet,thatscheduleisuptoyourmemberstodeterminewhat'srealistic—plushowlongitwilltaketocompletethebook.Asforlocation,meetingupatyourhomeisalwaysanoption.5.___________Meetingatapublicspacecaneasethepressureofentertaining.A．Don'tfeelboundtoactashost,though.B．Whichscenehasstuckwithyouthemost?C．Pickingbooksmayseemlikethetrickiestpart.D．You'llgainasenseofcommunityfrombookclubs.E．Willrefreshmentsultimatelybethemostimportant?F．Youmaygetpeoplebeyondyourdailycontacttojoinyourcircle.G．Andsometimesyoujustwanttodiscusswhatyou'vereadwithothers.【語篇解讀】文章就如何建立讀書俱樂部提出了一些建議。1．G根據(jù)上下文可知，本句是在說明下文提到的“這種沖動”的具體內(nèi)容，G項符合語境。2．F上文提到通過網(wǎng)絡宣傳你的新俱樂部，本句為本段最后一句，承接上文說明這么做的目的，F(xiàn)項符合語境。3．E根據(jù)上文提到的“你們在一起的時間主要花在手頭的小說上嗎？”及下文提到的邊喝咖啡邊吃零食可推測，本句與上文并列，都是設問句，E項符合語境。4．C根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，本段的主旨是關(guān)于書的選擇的建議，C項符合語境。5．A上文提到見面的頻率、地點等，下文提到在公共場所見面可以緩解娛樂的壓力。所以本空是在針對上文提到的在家見面給出建議，A項符合語境。Test2體裁主題語境難度說明文減少紙張浪費★★☆☆☆(2024·湖北5月聯(lián)考)HowtoReducePaperWastePrintoutdocumentsonlyifyouabsolutelyneedtoWhileitmaybeeasiertoprintdocuments,sinceyouwon'thavetologontoacomputerorsmartphonetofindthem,therearesomedisadvantagestoprinting.Printeddocumentstendtogetlost.1.___________.Youmayforgettobringthemalongwithyou.UseclothbagsinsteadofpaperonesAlotofwaterandfuelneedtobeusedtoproducepaperbags.Paperbagsalsousuallyteareasilyandtheydon'ttendtodowellintherain.Also,thefertilizersandotherchemicalsthatareusedtomakepaperandfortreefarmingareacidraincontributors,andtheyalsocontributetohigherratesofwaterwayeutrophication(富營養(yǎng)化).2.___________．BuyproductswithlesspackagingAhugeamountofsolidwasteisfrompackagingandisoftenthrownawayafterawhile.Thereareafewthingsyoucandotouselesspackaginginyourdailylife.3.___________.Notonlycanthishelptoreducewastefrompackaging,butitcanalsosaveyoumoney.4．___________Whilepapercupsanddinnerware(餐具)mayseemconvenient,theycanharmtheenvironment.Forexample,ifthepaperproducthasbeenusedforfood(suchasacartonorpaperplate),ittypicallycannotberecycled.Reusabledinnerwarecanalsotypicallybeusedalotm