04宇宙探索Passage1Dostarsonlyappearatnight?Theanswerisno.Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime.ItshoneatitsbrightestinthenightskyonFeb17thisyear.Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun.Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky.Whyisitsobright?Firstofall,Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth.Itisalsocoveredbyhighlyreflective(反射的)clouds,whichcanreflectabout70percentofthesunlightstriking(照射)it,almosttwiceasmuchastheearthdoes.Somepeoplecall2017theyearofVenus,becausetheplanetisatitsbrightesttwicethisyear.Venusgetsbrighterwhenitgoesfurtherawayfromthesun,andnearertotheearth.ThebrightestmomenthappenedonceinFebruary,andwillhappenagain,duringdaylight,onApril30.IfVenusissobrightandclosetous,isn’titabetterchoiceforhumanexploration(探索)thanMars?ItisclosertotheearththanMarsandit’sclosertotheearthinsize.Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpower(太陽能)wouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell.However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!Butscientistsnevergiveup.Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewcomputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenus-likeconditions(環境)foralmost22days.Thenextstep,accordingtothescientists,istosendaprobe(探測器)toVenusby2025.1．WhichofthefollowingaboutVenusisNOTtrue?A．It’stheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaylight. B．It’sthesecondplanetfromthesun.C．It’sthebrightestnaturalobjectinthenightsky. D．It’stheclosestplanettotheearth.2．Theunderlinedword“generate”issimilarinmeaningtotheword“________”.A．heat B．produce C．spread D．form3．WhatmakesVenusaworseplaceforhumanexplorationthanMars?A．Thecloserdistancetotheearth. B．Thesimilarsizetotheearth.C．Toomuchsolarpowertouse. D．Theextremelyhightemperature.4．Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,thenewcomputerequipment________.a.wascreatedbysomeUKscientistsb.canstandtemperaturesof480℃c.canworkforabout22daysonVenusd.willbesenttoVenusby2025A．ab B．bc C．cd D．adPassage2Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone(里程碑)inspaceexploration(探索).OnJan3,Chang’e4becamethefirstspaceprobe(探測器)inhistorytolandonthefarsideofthemoon,People’sDailyreported.FromEarth,wecanonlyseeonesideofthemoon.Theothersidehasbeenamystery.Scientistshavelongwonderedwhatliesonthissideofthemoon.Chang’e4hassentbackphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.Itisalsousedtocarryoutexperiments,suchasgrowingseedsinalow-gravity(低重力)environment.Thedata(數據)collectedfromtheseexperimentscouldbeusedtohelpusbuildabaseonthemooninthefuture.ThesuccessoftheChang’e4mission(任務)isamainachievementforChina’sspaceprogram.ItmarksanewstageinChina’sdeepspaceexploration,saidWuYanhua,headofChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Chinalaunched(啟動)itslunar(月球的)explorationprogramin2004,namingitChang’e.Chinesescientistssetthreegoals—“orbiting(環繞運行),landingandsample(樣本)returning”,referringtolaunchingprobesthatcouldcirclearoundthemoon,touchdownonitssurfaceandbringlunarmaterialsbacktoEarth.Chang’e4hasrealizedthegoaloflanding.ThethirdwillbeachievedduringtheChang’e5mission,whichissettotakeplacebeforetheendofthisyear,ChinaDailyreported.FollowingthesuccessoftheChang’emissions,Chinesescientistsarelookingevenfartherintooursolarsystem(太陽系).China’sfirstMars(火星)missionisexpectedtobecarriedoutby2020,Wusaid.5．Whatisthedatacollectedfromtheseexperimentsusedtodo?A．Helpusbuildabaseontheearth. B．Helpusbuildabaseonthemoon.C．HelpusbuildabaseonMars. D．HelpusbuildabaseonVenus(金星).6．WhathasChang’e4donesofar?a.Ithaslandedonthefarsideofthemoon.b.Ithastakenphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.c.Ithascarriedoutexperimentsonthemoon.d.Ithasbuiltabaseonthemoon.A．abc B．bcd C．acd D．abd7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refertoinParagraph4?A．Abaseonthemooninthefuture. B．TheChang’e4probe.C．ThesuccessoftheChang’e4mission. D．China’sspaceprogram.8．WhatisChang’e5expectedtodo?A．Circlearoundthemoon. B．Landonthesurfaceofthemoon.C．BringlunarmaterialsbacktoEarth. D．Sendpeopletothemoon.9．Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthepassage?A．Chang’e4hasdiscoveredthesecretsofthefarsideofthemoon.B．China’sspaceexplorationprogramstarted15yearsago.C．Chang’e5willbeChina’slastlunarexplorationprogram.D．ChinahasnotlaunchedanyspaceprobestoMarssofar.Passage3Forthousandsofyears,humanshaveexplored(探索)theEarth.Nowadays,weareexploringspace.Astronomers(天文學家)arethemodern-dayexplorers.Now,manyastronomersarelookingfornewplanetsandnewplacesforhumanstoliveinthefuture.Butwheredoastronomersstartexploring?Firstofall,astronomerslookforastar.That’sbecauseourownEarthmovesaroundastar—theSun.Moreimportantly,itisneithertoofarfromnortooneartotheSunforheatandlight.Sowhenastronomershavefoundthestar,theylookattheplanetsaroundit.Inrecentyears,astronomershavefoundnearly400newplanetswithstars.However,manyoftheseplanetsareeithertooneartothestarortoofaraway.However,iftheplanetisingoodplace,astronomerslookforthreekeythings:water,airandrock.Waterisimportantbecausealllifeneedswater.Humanscandrinkitandtheycanalsogrowplantswithwater.Andplantsproduceairforhumanstobreatheandfoodtoeat.Rockonaplanetisalsoimportant.That’sbecausethereisoftenwaterundertherock.Aftermanyyearsofexploring,astronomershavefoundaplanetliketheEarth.It’sGliese581gandit’snearastar.Theastronomersthinkithaswaterandrockandthetemperatureisbetween-31℃and-12℃.That’scold,butnotcolderthanAntarcticaortheArcticCircle,forexample,Gliese581gisbiggerthantheEarth.AyearonGliese581gisonly37Earthdays,not365Earthdays.ButastronomersdonotthinkthesearebigdifferencesandsomeofthemthinkGliese581gwillbeanewEarth.However,Gliese581gistwentylightyearsfromtheEarth.10．Howdoastronomersdiscoveranewplanetforhumanstoliveon?Choosetherightorder.a.Astronomerslookforthreekeythings.b.Astronomerslookforandfindarightstar.c.Astronomerslookattheplanetsaroundthestar.A．a-b-c. B．b-a-c. C．b-c-a. D．c-a-b.11．AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingthingsisthemostimportant?A．Water. B．Air. C．Rock. D．Plants.12．AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutGliese581g?A．Gliese581gisastar,andbiggerthantheEarth.B．AyearonGliese581gisshorterthanthatontheEarth.C．ItwilltakehumanstwentyyearstogettoGliese581g.D．ItiscolderonGliese581gthanAntarcticaortheArcticCircleontheearth.13．Whatdoesthewritermainlytalkaboutinthepassage?A．Water,airandrockareimportant. B．Gliese581gisalreadyanewEarth.C．TherearesomeplanetslikeourEarth. D．AstronomersarelookingforanewEarth.Passage4Mars(火星)isaplanet.Itisthefourthplanetfromthesunandismorethan200millionkilometersfromit.Thatisaverylongway.Marsisalsoaverylongwayawayfromtheearthbutsometimesyoucanseeitclearlyatnight.Moststarsarewhite.Marsisabitred.Itisnotaverybigplanet.Itisabouthalfthesizeoftheearth.Theearthhasonemoon.Marshastwomoons.TheyarecalledPhotosandDeimos.Longago,theonlywaytostudyMarswasjusttolookatit.Peoplewithgoodeyescouldseemethingsbutnoteverything.Lateron,itwaseasier,becausescientistshadtelescopes.TheycouldseeMarsmoreclearly.TheylearnedmuchmoreaboutMarsthisway.Inthe20thcenturythingsgotevenbetter.Firstofall,wehadspacecraft(宇宙飛船).TheyflewclosetoMarsandsentbackinformation.Then,theysentspacecrafttoflyinorbit(軌道)aroundMars.Finally,spacecraftlandedonMars.MaybeonedayamanwillwalkonMars.AmannamedJamieworksforNASAwiththeteamsendingaspacecrafttoMars."Welandedarover(探測車)onMars"hesays."ItiscalledCuriosity."Whatisarover?Itisamachinethatlookslikeacar.ItcanmoveaboutonMars.Ithascamerastotakephotosanditsendsthembacktotheearth.ItcanstudytherocksandairofMars.Itsendsallthisinformationbacktotheearth.14．WhichoneisTRUEaboutthefactsoftheMars?A．Itisover200millionkilometersfromthesun.B．WecanseetheMarsisalittlewhiteatnight.C．Itismuchlargerthantheearth.D．Marshasonlyonemoon.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtelescopesmeanaccordingtothepassage?A．放大鏡 B．望遠鏡 C．攝像機 D．顯微鏡16．WhichtoolcancarrythemantowalkonMars?A．Goodeyes. B．Telescopes. C．Spacecraft D．Rover.17．Whatcan'ttheroverdofromthelastparagraph?A．MoveaboutonMarslikeacar.B．Takephotosbycamerasandsendthembacktotheearth.C．StudytherocksandwaterofMars.D．Sendalltheinformationbacktotheearth.18．Thepassageismainlydevelopedby________.A．askingsomequestions B．givingsomeadviceC．followingtheorderoftime D．followingtheorderofimportancePassage5Manyofusspentourchildhoodsdreamingofbecomingastronauts.However,thefactisthatonlyaselectfewwillmakeit.Butdoesthatmeanyou'llnevergetthechancetoworkinspace?Notnecessarily.Infactsomeofthespacejobsarenotonlyforastronautsandtheyallsoundjustascool.Oneofthemostinterestingspacejobsis“chiefsniffer(嗅探員)”.NASAhasalreadyhiredachiefsniffernamedGeorgeAldrich,whosejobistosmellmaterialsbeforetheyareusedinspacecrafts（宇宙飛船）.Usingyournoseatworkmightsoundalittlestrangebutthejobisveryimportant.Smellsinaspacecraftarestrongerinsideofit,andonceaspacecraftislaunched(發射),astronauts"havenowayofescapingunpleasantsmells”,Aldrichsaid.Moreimportantly,smellingobjectscanhelpidentifydangerouschemicals(化學物質)thatcouldbeharmfultoastronauts'health.Anotherjob,the“spacetourguide",mayseemalittleaheadofitstime.Butnow,manyprivatecompaniesarestartingtoprovidespacetrips,andrichspaceloverssuchasJustinBieberandSarahBrightmanhavealreadysignedupfortours.Itmaynotbelongbeforespacebecomesoneofthetoptraveldestinations.Beingaspacetourguideneedsrichknowledgeofastronomy(天文學),astrophysics（天體物理學）,geographyandhistorytohelppassengersgetthemostoutoftheirjourney.Tourguidesalsoneedtobeexcellentstorytellerssothatpassengerscanexperiencethetrueawe(驚嘆)ofspacetravel.Astronautsoftenspendweeksorevenmonthsinspacewiththesamegroupofpeople,whichiswhya“spacepsychologist”isalsoneededtohelpastronautsovercome(克服)mentalchallenges,likefeelingboredandlonely."We'recrossingtheboundaries(界限)betweensciencefictionandreality(現實),"saidRobitTalwar,chiefexecutiveofUScompanyFastFutureResearch."It'samazingthatthingswe'veseeninthepastinmoviesarenowbecomingrealcareeropportunities.”19．Accordingtothearticle,GeorgeAldrich'sjobatNASAismainlyabout________.A．measuringthesizeandtemperatureofspacecraftsB．keepingastronautssafefromthingsthathaveunpleasantsmellsC．cheeringastronautsupwithexcellentstories20．Wecaninferfromthearticlethat________.A．aspacetourguideneedsstrongsocialskillsB．normalpeoplewillbeabletoaffordspacetravelssoonC．astronautshavetoovercomealotofchallengesinspace21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“psychologist"mean?A．天文學家 B．物理學家 C．心理學家22．WhatisRohitTalwar'sattitudetowardjobopportunitiesinspace?A．pleased B．doubtful C．worried23．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Howtobeanastronaut.B．Cooljobsinspace.C．Howsciencefictionbecomesreality.Passage6Dec.27,2019wasanexcitingdayforChinesepeople.China'sbiggestandmostpowerfulcarrierrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunched(發射)inHainanthatday.The57-meter-tallrocketisthetallest,strongestandthemosttechnologicallydifficultrocketinChina.BecausetheLongMarch5ismuchbiggerthanotherrocketsintheLongMarchseries(系列),ithasbeengivenafunnyname"Chubby5".Therocketisabletocarryspacecraft(宇宙飛船)tolow-earthorbit(近地軌道).Thespacecraftweighsupto25tons-nearlytheweightof16midsizecars.Thepayloadcapacity(有效負載能力)oftheLongMarch5isabout1.5greaterthananyotherChineserocket.TheLongMarch5isthethirdmostpowerfulrocketintheworld,followingtheUnitedStates'FalconHeavyandDeltaⅣHeavy.DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20experimentalsatellite(衛星),China'slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intoorbit.Besidessendingthesatelliteintospace,thelaunchalsotestedseveralengineeringtechnologiesthatwereusedtoimprovetherocket'sdesign.ItalsotestedkeytechnologiesthatwillbeusedtotaketheChang'e5probe(探測器)tothemoon.Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina'sfifthlunarexpedition(探月),aswellastoplacepartsofChina'smanned(載人的)spacestationintoorbit."In2020,wewillusetheLongMarch5tolaunchtheChang'e5probetothemoonandalsosendaprobetoMars,"saidWangXiaojun,aprojectmanageroftheLongMarch5.24．WhatdoweknowabouttheLongMarch5?A．Itwaslaunchedatthestartof2019. B．ItwaslaunchedinXichang.C．Itisthetallestrocketintheworld. D．ItisthebiggestLongMarchrocket.25．WhatisthepayloadcapacityofotherChineserockets?A．About2.5tons. B．About16tons. C．About25tons. D．About63tons.26．ScientistsusedtheLongMarch5to________.A．improvesatelliteengineeringtechnologies B．sendChina'sheaviesthomemadesatelliteintoorbitC．taketheChang'e5probetothemoon D．sendamannedspacestationintoorbit27．Whatisthelastparagraphabout?A．WhattheLongMarch5willbeusedforinthefuture. B．IfChinawilllaunchtheLongMarch6.C．WhentheLongMarch5willstopworking. D．HowChina'sspacestationwillbebuilt.28．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Aposter. B．Anadvertisement. C．Anewspaper. D．Afashionmagazine.Passage7SuSuisa16-year-oldBeijinger.ShestudiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedtoRenminUniversity.Shehasjustpublished(發表)herfirstbook,

TheEnigmaoftheUniverse.TheEnigmaoftheUniversetellsastoryofagirlcalledApril.Onedayshemeetsanalien(外星人)boynamedKaka.KakatakesAprilonajourneyintotheuniverse(宇宙).LaterAprilfindsoutabigsecretaboutKaka...What’sspecialaboutthisbook?It’sabookwritteninbothChineseandEnglish.Suwrotethebookwhenshewas14yearsold.Shewasinfluenced(影響)bythebook

Sophie’sWorldandthemovie

TheTrumanShow.Sophieisagirlwhoisinterestedinphilosophy(哲學).Truman’slifeisrunbytelevision.ThesestoriesgaveSuanideaforherownbook.ShedecidedtowriteitinEnglish.“MyEnglishteacheraskedustowritesomething,”saysSu,“IthoughtI’dwriteaboutmyidea.”Suspentawholesummervacationwritingthestory.“SometimesIhadtostopbecauseIcouldn’tfindtherightwords,”saysSu.“Iusedthedictionaryallthetime.”AfterfinishingtheEnglishnovel,Suhadanotheridea.ShedecidedtoturnitintoChinese.Thejobtookherjustafewdays.“ItwaseasybecauseChineseismy

motherlanguage,”shesays.Susaysherstoryis“amixtureof

philosophyand

detective

(偵探)storyandsciencefiction”.“MyclassmatesandIhaveturneditintoaDVplay,”saysSu.“IwrotetheplayandIplayedApril.Wewillshowitinourschoolsoon!”29．WhatdidSuSuwrite？A．HarryPotter. B．Sophie’sWorld.C．TheTrumanShow. D．TheEnigmaoftheUniverse.30．InWhichlanguagedidSuSuwritethisbook?A．Chinese. B．English.C．French. D．BothChineseandEnglish.31．HowdidSuSuwritethebook?A．ShewroteitinChinesefirstandthenturneditintoEnglish.B．ShewroteitinEnglishfirstandthenturneditintoChinese.C．ShewroteithalfinChinesefirstandthenwroteithalfinEnglish.D．ShewroteithalfinEnglishfirstandthenwroteithalfinChinese.32．Whatdoesherbooktalkabout?A．IttalksabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.B．Itisamixtureof

philosophy

and

detective

storyandsciencefiction.C．IttalksabouthowtolearnEnglishgrammarwell.D．Itisamixtureof

love.33．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．Aclevergirl. B．Aninterestingbook.C．SuSuandherfirstbook. D．Ayoungwriter.Passage8Scientistshavealwayswantedtoknowmoreabouttheuniverse(宇宙).Yearsago,theyknewmanythingsaboutthemoon.Theyknewhowbigitwasandhowfaritwasfromtheearth.Buttheywantedtoknowmoreaboutit.Theythoughtthebestwaywastosendmentothemoon.Themoonisabout384,000kilometersawayfromtheearth.Aplanecan’tflytothemoonbecausetheairreachesonly240kilometersawayfromtheearth.Butsomethingcanflyevenwhenthereisnoair.Thatisarocket.Howdoesarocketfly?Thereisgas(氣體)intherocket.Whenthegasismadeveryhotinsidetherocket,itwillrushoutoftheendoftherocket,soitcanmaketherocketflyintothesky.Rocketcanflyfaroutintospace.Rocketswithmeninthemhavebeentothemoon.Severalrocketswithoutmeninthemhaveflowntoanotherplanet(行星)muchfartherawaythanthemoon.Onedayrocketsmaybeabletogotoanyplaceinspace.34．Scientistshaveknow________themoonis.A．howlong B．howbig C．howold D．howmany35．Theearthisabout384,000kilometersawayfromthe________.A．space B．universe C．moon D．place36．Aplanecannotflytothemoonbecause________.A．thereisnoairabove240kilometersawayfromtheearthB．thereisnogasintheplaceC．theplaneisnotstrongenoughD．theplaneisterrible37．Thehotgasintherocketisusedfor________.A．keepingtheairintherocketfreshB．keepingthemenintherocketwarmC．makingtherocketflyD．makingfreshair38．Severalrocketswithoutmeninthemhaveflownto________.A．thestars B．anotherplanetofthesunC．thesun D．themoon【答案】1．C2．D3．D4．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了金星為何特別亮的原因以及金星為人們提供的行星探索的有利條件和不利條件。1．細節理解題。A選項：它是唯一能在白天看到的星星。根據“Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime”可知，選項正確；B選項：它是太陽第二顆行星。根據“Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun”可知，選項正確；C選項：它是夜空中最明亮的自然物體。根據“Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky”可知，選項錯誤；D選項：它是距地球最近的行星。根據“Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth”可知，選項正確。故選C。2．詞句猜測題。heat把……加熱；produce生產；spread傳播；form形成，產生。根據“Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpowerwouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell”可知，此處意為“離太陽越近，太陽能就越容易產生”，故此處的generate意為“產生，形成”與D選項“form”同義。故選D。3．細節理解題。根據第五段“However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!”可知，導致人們不能探索金星的原因是金星有著極高的溫度。故選D。4．細節理解題。根據“Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewcomputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenus-likeconditionsforalmost22days.”可知，這臺新型計算機設備是美國航天局以及俄羅斯科學家聯合發明的，它可以承受480℃的高溫，并能在類似于金星的條件下工作近22天，因此a錯誤，b、c正確；根據“istosendaprobe(探測器)toVenusby2025”可知，2025年被發送到金星的是探測器，并不是這臺新型計算機設備，故d錯誤。故選B。5．B6．A7．C8．C9．D【解析】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述嫦娥四號首次登陸月球并進行科學實驗的重要事件，標志著我國深孔探索進入了新的階段，隨著嫦娥任務的成功，科學家正在進一步探索我們的太陽系，中國第一個火星任務將在2020年完成。5．細節理解題。根據Thedata(數據)collectedfromtheseexperimentscouldbeusedtohelpusbuildabaseonthemooninthefuture可知，從這些實驗中得到的數據可以幫助在月球上建立基地，故選B。6．細節理解題。根據OnJan3,Chang’e4becamethefirstspaceprobe(探測器)inhistorytolandonthefarsideofthemoon,People’sDailyreported可知，嫦娥4已經登錄到月球的遠端，a正確；根據Chang’e4hassentbackphotosofthefarsideofthemoon可知，它已經在月球的遠端拍了一些照片，b正確；根據Itisalsousedtocarryoutexperiments,suchasgrowingseedsinalow-gravity(低重力)environment可知，它已經在月球實施實驗，c正確；根據Thedata(數據)collectedfromtheseexperimentscouldbeusedtohelpusbuildabaseonthemooninthefuture可知，這些實驗在未來可以幫助建立基地，而不是已經建立了基地，d錯誤。故選A。7．代詞指代題。代詞指代上文中出現的內容。根據ThesuccessoftheChang’e4mission(任務)isamainachievementforChina’sspaceprogram可知，指的是嫦娥四號任務的成功，故選C。8．細節理解題。根據Chinesescientistssetthreegoals—“orbiting(環繞運行),landingandsample(樣本)returning”，referringtolaunchingprobesthatcouldcirclearoundthemoon,touchdownonitssurfaceandbringlunarmaterialsbacktoEarth可知，中國科學家制定了三個目標：中國科學家設定了繞月著陸和返回樣本的三個目標，即發射能夠繞月飛行、著陸月球表面并將月球物質帶回地球的探測器。再根據ThethirdwillbeachievedduringtheChang’e5mission可知，嫦娥5號完成第三個任務，即將月球表面的物質帶回地球，故選C。9．推理判斷題。根據OnJan3,Chang’e4becamethefirstspaceprobe(探測器)inhistorytolandonthefarsideofthemoon以及Chang’e4hassentbackphotosofthefarsideofthemoon可知，嫦娥4號僅僅是登陸月球遠端并且拍了照片，而不是發現了秘密；排除A；根據Chinalaunched(啟動)itslunar(月球的)explorationprogramin2004,namingitChang’e可知，表示月球探險項目開始于15年前，而不是太空探索，排除B；根據Chang’e4hasrealizedthegoaloflanding.ThethirdwillbeachievedduringtheChang’e5mission,whichissettotakeplacebeforetheendofthisyear,ChinaDailyreported可知，只是說明嫦娥五號要去完成第三個任務，并沒有表示它是最后一個探月項目，排除C；根據China’sfirstMars(火星)missionisexpectedtobecarriedoutby2020,Wusaid.可知，中國將在2020年實施第一個火星任務，可以推斷出中國現在還沒有發射任何探測器到火星，故選D。10．C11．A12．B13．D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了現在許多天文學家正在尋找新的行星和人類未來生活的地方，經過多年的仔細觀察，天文學家發現了一顆與地球相似的行星——Gliese581g，并對其具體情況進行了介紹。10．排序題。根據“Firstofall,astronomerslookforastar....Sowhenastronomershavefoundthestar,theylookattheplanetsaroundit....However,iftheplanetisingoodplace,astronomerslookforthreekeythings:water,airandrock.”可知，首先，天文學家尋找恒星；找到后看它周圍的其他行星；如果行星處于一個好位置，天文學家會尋找三樣關鍵的東西。正確的排序是b-c-a。故選C。11．細節理解題。根據“Waterisimportantbecausealllifeneedswater.Humanscandrinkitandtheycanalsogrowplantswithwater.”可知水是最重要的。故選A。12．細節理解題。根據“AyearonGliese581gisonly37Earthdays,not365Earthdays.”可知在Gliese581g上一年只有地球上的37填，比地球上時間短，B項正確。故選B。13．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結合第一段最后兩句“Now,manyastronomersarelookingfornewplanetsandnewplacesforhumanstoliveinthefuture.Butwheredoastronomersstartexploring?”可知本文主要介紹了天文學家一直在尋找適合人類生活的星球。故選D。14．A15．B16．C17．C18．C【分析】本文主要敘述了人類探索火星的相關情況。14．細節理解題。根據第一段中“Mars（火星）isaplanet．Itisthefourthplanetfromthesunandismorethan200millionkilometersfromit．”可知火星（Mars）是一顆行星，它是太陽第四顆行星，距離太陽2億多公里。故選A。15．詞義猜測題。根據第四段中“Lateron，itwaseasier，becausescientistshadtelescopes．TheycouldseeMarsmoreclearly．”可知后來，因為科學家們有_____，他們可以更清楚地看到火星，這樣他們對火星了解得更多；根據前后文含義分析以及結合選項可知，此處telescopes的意思為望遠鏡。故選B。16．細節理解題。根據倒數第三段中“Finally，spacecraftlandedonMars．MaybeonedayamanwillwalkonMars．”可知最后，宇宙飛船降落在火星上。也許有一天一個人會在火星上行走。故選C。17．細節理解題。根據最后一段中“Itisamachinethatlookslikeacar．ItcanmoveaboutonMars．Ithascamerastotakephotosanditsendsthembacktotheearth．ItcanstudytherocksandairofMars．Itsendsallthisinformationbacktotheearth．”可知它是一臺看起來像汽車的機器，它可以在火星上移動。它有照相機拍照，然后把它們送回地球，它可以研究火星的巖石和空氣。它把所有這些信息送回地球，因此可知它可以研究火星上的巖石和空氣，而不是巖石和水。故選C。18．推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Longago很久以前”，第四段中“Lateron后來”，第五段中“Inthe20thcentury在20世紀”可知，本文是按照時間順序來寫的。故選C。19．B20．C21．C22．A23．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了很多人的夢想是成為宇航員，但是很少能實現。除了成為宇航員以外，人們還有其他的機會可以在太空工作，比如嗅探員、太空導游和太空心理學家。19．細節理解題。根據“Oneofthemostinterestingspacejobsis“chiefsniffer”.NASAhasalreadyhiredachiefsniffernamedGeorgeAldrich,whosejobistosmellmaterialsbeforetheyareusedinspacecrafts…andonceaspacecraftislaunched,astronauts‘havenowayofescapingunpleasantsmells’…”可知，GeorgeAldrich是一名嗅探員，職責是在材料被用于太空飛行器之前聞到它們的氣味，由此推斷他“可以讓宇航員遠離有難聞氣味的東西”。故選B。20．推理判斷題。根據“Moreimportantly,smellingobjectscanhelpidentifydangerouschemicalsthatcouldbeharmfultoastronauts'health…Astronautsoftenspendweeksorevenmonthsinspacewiththesamegroupofpeople,whichiswhya“spacepsychologist”isalsoneededtohelpastronau