2024年秋期人教版九英閱讀材料用英語講好中國故事講好中國故事一岳飛

YueFei(1103AD-1142AD),whosecourtesynamewasPengju,wasborninTangyinofXiangzhou(present-dayHenanProvince)andwasaSouthernSonggeneral.HewasfamousforhisbattleagainsttheJinDynasty.HejoinedthearmyinthelateNorthernSongperiodandwasdemotedafterthefoundingoftheSouthernSong,whenhetriedtodissuadeEmperorGaozongfrommovingthecapitaltothesouth.In1129AD,YueFeifoughtagainstWanyanWuzhuandrecoveredJiankang(present-dayNanjing).In1133AD,hewaspromotedandhonoredwithabannerpraisinghisloyalty,“JingzhongYueFei,”afterhecrackeddownonpeasantuprisingsinJiangxi.

岳飛(1103—1142)，字鵬舉，相州湯陰(今河南省湯陰縣)人，南宋時期抗金名將。他在北宋后期參軍，南宋建立后被貶，皆因當時他試圖勸阻高宗南遷都城。1129年，岳飛與完顏兀術作戰，收復建康(今南京)。1133年，他在江西鎮壓農民起義后，被朝廷提拔并被授予了一面贊揚他忠誠的錦旗“精忠岳飛”。

inrecoveringZhengzhouandLuoyangafterthevictoryatYancheng.JustashewasthreateningtoattackandrecoverKaifeng,corruptofficialsadvisedEmperorGaozongtorecallYueFeitothecapitalandnegotiateforpeacewiththeJinarmy.YueFeiwasorderedtwelvetimestoreturn.YueFeifinallysubmittedtothewillofhisemperorandreturnedtothecapital,wherehewasimprisoned.QinHuiwouldeventuallyarrangeforhimtobeexecutedin1142ADonfalsecharges.Afterhisdeath,hishonorwasrestoredandgiventhetitle“PrinceofE”duringEmperorNingzong'sreign.

為抵御金軍的入侵，奪回北方，岳飛領導了一場持久的戰役。金軍有“撼山易，撼岳家軍難”的評語，以示對岳家軍的由衷敬佩。岳飛在郾城大捷后，成功地收復了鄭州和洛陽。正當他要進攻收復開封時，貪官污吏勸高宗將岳飛召回京師，與金軍議和。岳飛被十二道圣旨召回。他遵從皇帝的旨意，回到了京城，卻被監禁了。秦檜在1142年以莫須有的罪名將岳飛處死。岳飛死后被平反，并在寧宗皇帝時被封為“鄂親王”。

YueFei'sliterarytalentisalsooutstanding,andhisrepresentativepoemTheRiverAllRedisamagnificentmasterpiecethathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheages.“Valiantlywe’dfeastonthefleshoftheinvaders;Laughing,we'ddrinkthebloodtheyshed.Whenwe'vereconqueredourlostland,intriumphwewouldreturnourarmygrand.”demonstratedYueFei'sfearlessheroicspirit,filledwithpatrioticpassion.

岳飛的文才同樣卓越，其代表詞作《滿江紅》是一首氣壯山河、傳誦千古的名篇。“壯志饑餐胡虜肉，笑談渴飲匈奴血。待從頭、收拾舊山河，朝天闕。”表現了岳飛大無畏的英雄氣概，洋溢著愛國主義激情。講好中國故事二王安石WangAnshi(1021AD-1086AD)wasborninLinchuanofFuzhou(present-dayFuzhouintheJiangxiProvince),andwasawardedjinshiintheimperialexamination.In1070AD,EmperorShenzongmadehimthesecondprivycouncilorinordertointroduceandpromulgatehisreformpolicy.

王安石(1021—1086)出生于撫州臨川(今江西撫州),科舉進士。1070年,神宗皇帝為了推行和頒布他的改革政策，任命他為參知政事。

Thispolicycoveredmainlythreeaspects:1.Statefinanceandtrade;2.Defenseandsocialorder;3.Educationandgovernance.Someofthefinancereformsincludedpayingcashforlaborinsteadofcorveelabor,increasingthesupplyofcoppercoins,improvingtrademanagement,anddirectgovernmentloanstofarmersduringplantingseasonstoberepaidatharvest.Hebelieved

thatthefoundationofthestatedependedonthewell-beingofcommonpeople.Tolimitspeculationandeliminateprivatemonopolies,heinitiatedpricecontrols,regulatedwages,andsetuppensionsfortheagedandunemployed.Thestatealsobegantobuildpublicorphanage,hospitals,dispensaries,hospices,cemeteries,andreservegranaries.

Militaryreformwascenteredonanewinstitution:thebaojiasystem,ororganizedhouseholds.Thiswasdonetoensurecollectiveresponsibilityinsocietyandwaslaterusedtostrengthenlocaldefense.Healsoproposedmeasurestobreedmilitaryhorses,makemoreefficientweapons,andtrainthemilitia.

Toimproveeducationandmanagement,hesoughttobreakdownthebarrierbetweenclericalandofficialcareers,aswellasimprovingtheirsupervisiontopreventconnectionsbeingusedforpersonalgain.Testsinlaw,militaryaffairs,andmedicinewereaddedtotheexaminationsystem,andmathematicswasaddedin1104AD.

這項改革政策主要包括三個方面：1.國家財政和貿易；2.防衛和社會秩序；3.教育和國家治理。一些財政改革包括繳納一定數量的現金可以代替服徭役，增加銅幣供應，加強貿易管理，以及青黃不接時，由官府給農民貸款，在收獲時償還。他認為民富才能國強。為了限制投機和消除私人壟斷，他實行了價格控制，酬勞調節，并為老年人和失業者設立養老金。國家還開始建造公共孤兒院、醫院、藥房、收容所、墓地和儲備糧倉。

軍事改革的中心是一項新的制度：保甲制度——推行以戶為單位的社會組織形式。這樣做是為了確保社會上的集體責任，后來被用來加強地方防御。他還提出了豢養軍用馬、制造更高效武器和訓練民兵的措施。

為了改善教育和管理，他試圖打破文書和官員之間的壁壘，并加強對他們的監督，以防止利用關系謀取私利。在科考中增加了法律、軍事和醫學方面的測試，并在1104年增加了數學。

Thenewpoliciesgeneratedandincreasedgovernmentrevenuetocovertheirexpenditureoverthefollowingtwentyyears.Morethanahundredthousandwaterconservationprojectswerestartedtoirrigatelandspanning360thousandhectares,andinthelandsurvey,moretaxablefarmlandwas

registered.Meanwhile,militaryeffectivenesswasimproved,andtheSongarmywonsomevictoriesovertheWesternXia.

However,afterimplementingthenewpolicies,someunwiseselectionsofofficialsunderminedtheresults.Moreimportantly,therewasdeep-seatedresistancetothereforms,asithurtbureaucratsfromtheoldsystem.WithEmperorShenzhong'sdeathin1085AD,thenewpolicieswererolledbackwhenSimaGuangcameintopower.

新政增加了政府收入，甚至能夠支付隨后20年的國家支出。打造節水工程10萬余項，灌溉面積36萬公頃，土地調查顯示，應稅耕地登記增加了許多。同時，軍事效能提高了，宋軍對西夏的戰爭取得了一定的勝利。

然而，在實施新策后，選用官員不當破壞了改革的結果。更重要的是，改革受到了傳統派的抵制，因為其傷害了舊體制下某些官僚的利益。1085年，隨著神宗皇帝的去世，新政在司馬光執政時被廢止了。講好中國故事三王守仁WangShouren(1472–1529),whosecourtesynameasBo’anandaliasYangming,wasafamousthinker,writer,philosopherandmilitarystrategistoftheMingdynasty.HewasproficientinConfucianism,TaoismandBuddhism.

王守仁(1472—1529)，字伯安，別號陽明，明代著名的思想家、文學家、哲學家和軍事家，精通儒家、道家、佛家思想。InordertoputintopracticeZhuXi'sprincipleof“tostudythenatureofthings”,attheageofsixteenhewasdeterminedto“study”bamboo.Aftersevendaysandnightsofobservation,hediscoverednothing,butasaresult,hebecameseverelyill.Thisisthelegendarytaleof“Shourenstudyingbamboo,”inwhichWangShourenbegantoseriouslycontemplateZhuXi'stheoryatthatverymoment.

In1499,asasuccessfulcandidateinthehighestimperialexaminations,WangShourenlaterbecameanofficerintheMinistryofJusticeandtheMinistryofWar.Severalyearslater,hewasrelegatedtothepostofprime

ministerofLongchanginGuizhoufordisobeyingtheeunuchs.Duringthisperiod,hegainedanewunderstandingofthecentralideasofTheGreatLearningandLuJiuyuan'sphilosophicalthoughts.

Whentheeunuchswerekilled,WangShouren'ssituationtookaturnforthebetterandhelatergovernedthetroubledsouthernpartofJiangxiProvinceasgovernorthere.Heledhisarmyinmanybattlestoquelltheturmoilandachievedmanysuccesses,includingsomebattlecasesofwinningmorewithlesswithquickdecisions,whichhasdisplayedhisexceptionalmilitarytalents.InChinesehistory,heisatalentwithbothcivilandmilitarytalents.

為了實踐朱熹的“格物致知”，十六歲的王守仁下決心窮竹之理，“格”了七天七夜的竹子，什么都沒有發現，人卻因此病倒。從此，王守仁對“格物”學說產生了批判性思考，這也是著名的“守仁格竹”的故事。

弘治十二年(1499年)王守仁中進士，后任刑部侍郎、兵部主事。正德年初因忤逆宦官被貶為貴州龍場驛丞。在這個時期，他對《大學》的中心思想及陸九淵的心學有了新的領悟。

后宦官被誅殺，王守仁的處境有了轉機，他以南贛巡撫的身份，治理動亂之中的贛南。他曾率領軍隊多次作戰，平定動亂，屢立戰功，還曾創造過以少勝多、速戰速決的戰例，表現出卓越的軍事才能。他可謂是中國歷史上一位文武雙全的人才。

YangmingPhilosophy,aschoolofphilosophydevelopedbyWangShouren,washismostsignificantcontribution.HeinheritedLuJiuyuan'sviewthat“themindisreason”andadvocatedsearchingfor“reason”withinoneselfasopposedtotheapproachof“studyingnature”.Healsopromotedtheintegrationofknowledgeandaction,withconscienceastheaim.AsthemostimportantphilosophicalthoughtsintheMingDynasty,YangmingPhilosophyhadanunmatchedimpactatthattime,spreadingtoJapan,theKoreanpeninsula,andSoutheastAsia.

王守仁最重要的貢獻，還是他的學術思想“陽明心學”。他繼承了陸九淵強調“心即是理”之思想，反對“格物致知”方法，提倡從自己內心中去尋找“理”；他又倡導知行合一，以致良知為宗旨。陽明心學的學術思想傳至日本、朝鮮半島以及東南亞，是明代影響最大的哲學思想。講好中國故事四諸葛亮

ZhugeLiang(181AD-234AD),withthecourtesynameKongming,wasborninYangduofLangya(present-dayYinan,ShandongProvince),andlatersettledinLongzhong,westofXiangyang,HubeiProvince.Heledahermit'slifeandassociatedwithnotablepeople,associatinghimselftofamousfiguressuchasGuanZhongandYueYi.Withareputationforwisdomspreadingfarandwide,hewascalledthe“CrouchingDragon”.LiuBeihadtomakethreehumblevisitstohisthatchedcottagebeforehewaswillingtoseehim.ZhugeLianganalyzedthesituationinthecountryindetailforLiuBei,andadvisedLiuBeitooccupyJingzhouandYizhouPrefecturesandallyhimselfwithSunQuanagainstCaoCao.LiuBeiwassoexcitedthatheinvitedZhugeLiangtoassisthim.Thiswastheoriginofthestoryabout“threehumblevisitstothethatchedcottage”.

諸葛亮(181—234)，字孔明，瑯琊陽都(今山東省臨沂市沂南縣)人，后定居湖北襄陽以西隆中。他過著隱士的生活，與名士交往，自比為管仲、樂毅。他因聰慧而聲名遠播，被稱為“臥龍”。劉備三次去他的茅廬拜訪才見到他。諸葛亮為劉備詳細分析了國內形勢，建議劉備占領荊州、益州，與孫權結盟對抗曹操。劉備興奮不已，請諸葛亮來輔佐自己。這就是“三顧茅廬”故事由來

AccordingtoZhugeLiang'sstrategy,LiuBeisuccessfullyestablishedtheShu-Hanregime,formingatripartiteconfrontationwithSunQuanandCaoCao.InthefirstyearofZhangwu(221AD),LiuBeiproclaimedhimselfemperorandappointedZhugeLiangaschancellor.AfterthefailureofannexingWu,LiuBeientrustedZh