水質監控技術Waterqualitymonitoringtechnology--水質監控技術課程組WaterqualitymonitoringTechnologyCoursegroup養殖水質溫度的檢測與調控Detectionandcontrolofaquaculturewatertemperature《水質監控技術》課程WaterQualityMonitoringTechnologycourse水體溫度的分布特點Distributioncharacteristicsofwatertemperature學習目標Learningobjective掌握水溫對養殖水體水質的影響；Grasptheinfluenceofwatertemperatureonthewaterqualityofaquaculturewater;掌握水溫對水產養殖動物的影響。Tounderstandtheinfluenceofwatertemperatureonaquacultureanimals.學習目標1.Learningobjective1學習目標2.Learningobjective2目錄content01水溫對養殖生物的間接影響Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms02水溫對養殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms1水溫對養殖生物的間接影響Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms水溫對養殖水體溶解氧的影響Effectofwatertemperatureondissolvedoxygeninaquaculturewater水溫對養殖水體PH及氨氮的影響EffectofwatertemperatureonPHandammonianitrogenofaquaculturewater水溫對養殖生物的間接影響Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms1101對溶解氧的影響

水溫對養殖水體溶解氧的影響Effectofwatertemperatureondissolvedoxygeninaquaculturewater水溫是影響養殖水體溶解氧高低的關鍵因子,當水溫上升,水生生物的新陳代謝增強,呼吸加快,有機物的耗氧率明顯增高,池塘等小水體就容易產生缺氧現象,尤其是夏秋季節。Watertemperatureisthekeyfactoraffectingthelevelofdissolvedoxygeninaquaculturewater.Whenthewatertemperaturerises,themetabolismofaquaticorganismsisenhanced,respirationisaccelerated,andtheoxygenconsumptionrateoforganicmatterissignificantlyincreased.Smallwaterbodiessuchaspondsarepronetohypoxia,especiallyinsummerandautumn.表1自然池塘中水溫與溶解氧Table1.Watertemperatureanddissolvedoxygeninnaturalponds02對pH及氨氮的影響02EffectonpHandammonianitrogen水溫對養殖水體PH及氨氮的影響EffectofwatertemperatureonPHandammonianitrogenofaquaculturewater在池水pH值小于7時,水體氨氮以NH4

+

為主;WhenthepHvalueofpoolwaterislessthan7,NH4

+

isthemainammonianitrogeninthewater;--對魚蝦無毒Non-toxictofishandshrimppH值大于11時,主要以NH3形式存在。WhenthepHvalueisgreaterthan11,itmainlyexistsintheformofNH3.

--對魚蝦有毒Toxictofishandshrimp隨著水溫升高，pH值呈堿性且變化無序；但氨氮總量明顯升高，且水溫越高，變化越顯著。Withtheincreaseofwatertemperature,pHvalueisalkalineanddisordered.However,thetotalamountofammonianitrogenincreasedsignificantly,andthehigherthewatertemperature,themoresignificantthechange.表2不同水溫條件下養殖水體pH值和氨氮量Table2pHvalueandammonianitrogencontentofaquaculturewaterunderdifferentwatertemperatureconditions溫度temperaturePH值PHvalue氨氮量Ammonianitrogencontent水溫對養殖生物的間接影響Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms112水溫對養殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms對養殖對象攝食的影響Effectsonfeedingofculturedobjects對養殖對象生長的影響Effectsonthegrowthofculturedobjects對養殖對象繁殖的影響Theeffectonbreedingobjects水溫對養殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12

水溫對養殖對象攝食的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonfeedingofculturedobjects

魚類等養殖生物是變溫動物,水溫只有達到其生物學上限溫度才開始攝食,且在適溫范圍,水溫與攝食量呈正比。Fishandotheraquacultureorganismsarepoikilotherms,andthewatertemperaturebeginstoeatonlywhenitreachesitsbiologicalupperlimittemperature,andintheappropriatetemperaturerange,thewatertemperatureisproportionaltothefoodintake.溫度對草魚攝食的影響Effectoftemperatureonfeedingofgrasscarp攝食飽食率(%)Rateofsatiety溫度（oC）temperature表3尼羅羅非魚在各種溫度條件下的攝食量Table3FoodintakeofNiletilapiaatvarioustemperatureconditions水溫Watertemperature占體重比例Proportiontobodyweight水溫對養殖對象生長的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonthegrowthofculturedobjects一般在適溫范圍內，隨溫度升高，魚類代謝加強，攝食增加，飼料利用率高，生長發育加快。Generallyinthetemperaturerange,withtheincreaseoftemperature,fishmetabolismisstrengthened,feedingisincreased,feedutilizationishigh,andgrowthanddevelopmentareaccelerated.溫度對草魚攝食的影響Effectoftemperatureonfeedingofgrasscarp平均體增重(克/天)Averagebodyweightgain(g/day)溫度(oC)temperature水溫對養殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12生存耐受溫度范圍Survivaltolerancetemperaturerange最適生長溫度Optimumgrowthtemperature生長grow低端致死溫度Lowlethaltemperature高端致死溫度Highlethaltemperature水溫對養殖對象生長的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonthegrowthofculturedobjects種類species適宜溫度(oC)Optimumtemperature低端致死溫度(oC)Lowlethaltemperature高端致死溫度(oC)Highlethaltemperature三文魚Salmon12-166-723-26虹鱒Rainbowtrout10-160-422-26鯉魚carp23-270-1031-36溝鯰Groovescatfish26-300-1035-40羅非魚tilapia28-327-1236-42海鱸Seabass22-27232美國紅魚Redfish22-252-935斑節蝦Bandedshrimp28-331335水溫對養殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12水溫對養殖對象生長的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonthegrowthofculturedobjects冷水性生物：適溫<15℃，鮭、虹鱒等冷水性魚類。Coldwaterorganisms:temperature<15℃,salmon,rainbowtroutandothercoldwaterfish.溫水性生物：適溫15～25℃。Warmwaterorganism:suitabletemperature15~25℃.暖水性生物：適溫25～35℃。如熱帶魚。Warmwaterorganisms:temperature25~35℃.Liketropicalfish.種類species適宜溫度(oC)Optimumtemperature低端致死溫度(oC)Lowlethaltemperature高端致死溫度(oC)Highlethaltemperature三文魚Salmon12-166-723-26虹鱒Rainbowtrout10-160-422-26鯉魚carp23-270-1031-36溝鯰Groovescatfish26-300-1035-40羅非魚tilapia28-327-1236-42海鱸Seabass22-27232美國紅魚Redfish22-252-935斑節蝦Bandedshrimp28-331335水溫對養殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12

水溫對養殖對象繁殖的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonreproductionofculturedobjects水溫的高低直接決定著受精卵的孵化時間,在適溫范圍內,水溫越高孵化時間越短。

Thetemperatureofthewaterdirectlydeterminestheincubationtimeofthefertilizedeggs.Intherangeofsuitabletemperature,thehigherthewatertemperature,theshortertheincubationtime.水溫對水產生物性腺的發育、成熟具有顯著影響。Watertemperaturehassignificantinfluenceonthedevelopmentandmaturationofaquaticgonads.溫度對魚類繁殖的重要性還在于它是魚類產卵的溫度閾值,每種魚在某一地區開始產卵的溫度是一定的,一般低于該溫度就不能產卵。Theimportanceoftemperatureforfishreproductionisalsothatitisthetemperaturethresholdforfishspawning,andthetemperatureatwhicheachfishbeginsspawninginacertainareaisacertaintemperature,generallybelowwhichitcannotspawn.由于同種魚達到性腺成熟期的積溫基本一致,因此在我國南方或溫熱水培育的親魚,持續水溫高,性腺發育成熟早,就可提前產卵。Becausethesamekindoffishreachgonadalmaturitytemperatureisbasicallythesame,sotheparentfishcultivatedinthesouthofChinaorwarmwater,continuoushig