推理推斷類A(2024·河南省新將來聯盟高考考前模擬)ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete．ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(萬神殿)(whichhastheworld'slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗獸場)standingformorethan2,000years?Romanconcrete,inmanycases,hasproventobelonger-lastingthanmodernconcrete,whichcanworsenwithindecades．Now,scientistsbehindanewstudysaytheyhaveuncoveredthemysteryingredientthatallowedtheRomanstomaketheirconstructionmaterialsodurableandbuildsplendidstructuresinchallengingplacessuchasdocks,sewersandearthquakezones．Thestudyteam,includingresearchersfromtheUnitedStates,ItalyandSwitzerland,analyzed2,000-year-oldconcretesamplesthatweretakenfromacitywallatthearchaeologicalsiteofPrivernum,incentralItaly,andaresimilarincompositiontootherconcretefoundthroughouttheRomanEmpire．Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(塊)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime．Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial．Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday'sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsocietyastheRomansoncedid．“ConcreteallowedtheRomanstohaveanarchitecturalrevolution，”Masicsaid,“Romanswereabletocreateandturnthecitiesintosomethingthatisextraordinaryandbeautifultolivein．Andthatrevolutionbasicallychangedcompletelythewayhumanslive．”1．WhydoestheauthormentionthePantheonandtheColosseum？A．ToexpressrespecttoRomans．B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext．C．ToshowthewisdomofRomanengineers．D．ToprovetheuniquenessofRomanarchitecture．2．WhatmakeRomanarchitecturestandformorethan2,000yearsaccordingtothefinding？A．Complicatedmixingskills．B．Splendidarchitecturalstructures．C．Challenginglocationsofthebuildings．D．WhitechunksinancientRomanconcrete．3．WhatdoesMasicthinkofthenewfinding？A．Important． B．Valueless．C．Unexpected． D．Doubtful．4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext？A．Education． B．Travel．C．Science． D．Lifestyle．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了科學家揭開古羅馬建筑千年不衰的隱私。1．B推理推斷題。依據第一段“ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete．ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(萬神殿)(whichhastheworld'slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗獸場)standingformorethan2,000years？(古羅馬的巨大建筑保存了數千年——這是羅馬工程師的實力和才智的證明，他們完善了混凝土的運用。但是，他們的建筑材料是如何幫助像萬神殿(擁有世界上最大的無加固圓頂)和羅馬斗獸場這樣的雄偉建筑矗立2000多年的呢？)”可知，作者在第一段列舉這兩座建筑物是為了引出本文要探討的話題：為什么古羅馬建筑能千年不衰？故選B。2．D細微環節理解題。依據第四段“Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(塊)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime．Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial．(他們發覺混凝土中的白色塊狀物，被稱為石灰碎屑，使混凝土能夠愈合隨著時間的推移而形成的裂縫。這些白色的塊狀物質之前始終被忽視，被認為是混合不當或原料質量低劣的證據。)”可知，依據這項發覺，古羅馬混凝土中的白色塊狀物使羅馬建筑矗立了2000多年。故選D。3．A推理推斷題。依據最終一段“Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday'sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsociety(這項新發覺可能有助于使今日的混凝土制造業更具可持續性，可能會變更社會)”可知，Masic認為新的發覺特別重要。故選A。4．C語篇出處題。依據文章主要內容“科學家揭開古羅馬建筑千年不衰的隱私”以及關鍵詞“Thestudyteam”和“Thenewfinding”等可以推想出文章出自報紙的科學板塊。故選C。B(2024·四川省涼山州高三一模)Wearenaturallydrawntofriendsandcolleagueswithfamiliarvoices,scientistshavefound．Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered．Previousresearchhasfocusedonhowamaleorfemalevoicesounds．Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive．Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(機制)atplay．Dr．MollyBabel,fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada,said,“Thevoiceisanamazinglyflexibletoolthatweusetoconstructouridentity．Veryfewthingsinourvoicesarechangeless,sowefeltthatourpreferencehadtobeaboutmorethanaperson'sshapeandsize．”Sherecorded30volunteers'voicesandaskedeachtoratetheothers'attractivenessonascaleofonetonine．EachparticipantwasfromWesternAmerica,withsimilaraccents．Thepeopleweassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees．“Weseemtolikepeoplewhosevoicesarelikeourvoices,andwelikepeoplewhofitwithinwhatweknow，”Dr．Babelsaid．Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive．Thebreathytone,causedbyyoungerandthinnervocalcords(聲帶),impliedyouthfulnessandhealth．Acreakyvoice,suggestingapersonhasacoldoristired,wasseenasunattractive．Theparticipantpreferredmenwhospokewithashorteraveragewordlengthanddeepervoices．5．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto．A．comparemalevoiceswithfemalevoicesB．informreadersofthenewfindingsofvoicesC．encouragementousedeepervoicestospeakD．ratepeople'svoicesonascaleofonetonine6．Intermsofvoicepreferences,thenewfindingsstress．A．bodysizeandshapeB．ashorterwordlengthC．thesamesocialgroupsD．thickervocalcords7．Dr．MollyBabelmentionsMarilynMonroeinorderto．A．introduceapopularfilmstarB．explainabreathyvoiceC．questionpreviousresearchD．convincepeopleofhercharm8．Whosevoicemaybeattractiveaccordingtothepassage？A．Ayoungladywiththinvoice．B．Anoldladywiththickvoice．C．Adeep-voicedmanwithadrythroat．D．Alittlemanwithaquietandgentlevoice．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講了科學探討表明我們會很自然地被熟識的嗓音所吸引，人們更傾向于類似的腔調，而語言學家也表明其中有更困難的機制在里面。5．B推理推斷題。依據第一段“Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered．(他們發覺，人們更喜愛那些腔調、語調和語調與自己相像的人。)”和第三段“Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(機制)atplay．(但加拿大一位語言學家發表的這項新探討表明，其中有一個更困難的機制在起作用。)”可知，這篇文章的寫作目的主要是為了讓讀者了解到一項關于人的嗓音的最新探討發覺。故選B。6．C細微環節理解題。依據第一段“Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered．(他們發覺，人們更喜愛那些腔調、語調和語調與自己相像的人。)”和第四段“Thepeopleweassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees．(我們評估的人都處于同一方言群體，但他們表現出不同的程度。)”可知，關于人們對嗓音的偏好，新探討強調對運用同一種方言的社會群體進行評價。故選C。7．B推理推斷題。依據第五段“Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive．(她還發覺女性帶氣音的說話聲，如美國聞名女演員瑪麗蓮·夢露為代表的女性，被認為更有吸引力。)”可知，以人們耳熟能詳的明星為例，更形象生動地向讀者說明什么是帶有氣音的說話聲。故選B。8．A推理推斷題。依據其次段“Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive．(人們認為聲音低沉的男性和聲音稍高的女性聽起來更有吸引力。)”可知，一位年輕的女士假如嗓音比較尖細，那人們會認為她的聲音很迷人。故選A。C(2024·湖南省張家界市高三二模)SCHOOLSPONSORSHIPSponsorTeenInk'sfuturemagazinesforanyspecificschoolorregionthatisimportanttoyouandbringyourmessagetoalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers．Wewillprintyournameonthecoverofeachissueeverymonth．Call(617)964-6800fordetailsandcost．Howschoolsponsorshipworks：·Youselecttheschools—asmanyasyouwant—toreceivefutureTeenInkmagazines．·Yourcompany'snamewillappearonthecoverofeverymonthlyissuefortheschoolsyousponsor．·Yourtotalcostforafullyearisonly$195perschoolfor30copiesamonth—that's300copiesperschoolyear．Advantagesforyourorganization：·Yourmessagereachesalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers,whichtellsthemyoucareaboutteens,theirvoicesandtheireducation．·Wecontacttheschoolsexplainingyoursponsorshipandyoursupportofteensinthecommunity．·Weshipthemagazinesdirectlytotheschools．Thereisnoe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·Studentsgainimportantreading,writingandcommunicationskillsnecessaryforsuccessinschoolandtheworkplace．9．WhatwillmotivateacompanytosponsorTeenInk？A．Highprofit． B．Zerocost．C．Publicreputation． D．Specificmagazines．10．Whatbenefitcanthesponsoredstudentsget？A．Moreattentionfromthepublic．B．Greateraccesstobigcompanies．C．Agoodpriceforthemagazines．D