演講人：日期：金融英語聽說unit4目錄OverviewofFinancialMarketsFinancialproductsandservicesFinancialinstitutionsandregulationsCrossborderfinanceandinternationalcooperationFinancialEnglishListeningSkills01OverviewofFinancialMarketsDefinitionFinancialmarketsrefertotheplatformswherebuyersandsellersengageinthetradeoffinancialassetssuchasstocks,bonds,currencies,andderivativesFunctionFinancialmarketsserveasintermediariesbetweensaversandinvestors,facilitatingtheeffectiveallocationofcapitalandpricingofriskDefinitionandFunctionofFinancialMarketsMarketsforshorttermdebtinstrumentswithmaterialsofoneyearorless,suchastreasurybillsandcommercialpaperMoneymarketsMarketsforlongtermdebtandequityinstruments,includingstocks,bonds,andsecuritiesissuedbygovernmentsandcorporationsCapitalmarketsMarketsforfinancialinstrumentswhosevalueisderivedfromanunderlyingasset,suchasfutures,options,swaps,andforwardsDerivativesmarketsFinancialmarketclassification02010403IssuersInvestorsIntermediariesRegulatorsFinancialmarketparticipantsEntitiesthatissuesecuritiestoraisecapital,suchasgovernments,corporations,andfinancialinstitutionsIndividualsorinstitutionsthatpurchasesecuritiesinordertogeneratereturnsontheirinvestmentsFinancialinstitutionsthatfacilitatethetradeofsecurities,suchasbrokers,dealers,andexchangesGovernmentagenciesthatoverseeandregulatetheoperationoffinancialmarketstoensurefairness,transparency,andstabilityGlobalizationTheintegrationoffinancialmarketsworldwide,leadingtoincreasedcrossborderinvestmentsandtradingactivitiesTechnicalinnovationTheadoptionofadvancedtechnologiessuchasartificialintelligence,blockchain,andcloudcomputing,whicharetransformingthewayfinancialmarketsoperationSustainabilityThegrowingemphasisonenvironmental,social,andgovernance(ESG)factorsininvestmentdecisions,leadingtothedevelopmentofgreenandsustainablefinancialproductsandmarketsDevelopmenttrendsinfinancialmarketsDevelopmenttrendsinfinancialmarketsIncrementalregulationThetrendrewardsmorestringregulationoffinancialmarketstomitigaterisksandprotectinvestors,specificallyintheaftermathoftheglobalfinancialcrisis02FinancialproductsandservicesTypesoffinancialproductsBankingproductsTheseincludesavingsaccounts,checkingaccounts,certificatesofdeposit(CDs),andmoneymarketaccountsInvestmentproductsTheseencompassstocks,bonds,mutualfunds,exchangetradedfunds(ETFs),andoptionsInsuranceproductsTheseincludelifeinsurance,healthinsurance,propertyinsurance,andautoinsuranceRetirementproductsThesearedesignedtohelpindividualssaveforretention,suchas401(k)plans,IRAs,andappendicesBankingservicesTheseincludedeposittaking,lending,andpaymentservicessuchaswiretransfersandchecksInvestmentservicesTheseinvolveadvisingonandmanaginginvestments,aswellasbrokeragetradesInsuranceservicesTheseencompassesunderwriting,claimsprocessing,andriskmanagementforinsurancepoliciesFinancialplanningandadviceThisinvolveshelpingindividualsandbusinessesplanfortheirfinancialfutures,includingbudgeting,taxplanning,andestateplanningScopeoffinancialservicesTechnologydriveninnovationTheuseoftechnologysuchasartificialintelligence,blockchain,andcloudcomputingisdrivingchangesinfinancialservicesFinancialinstitutionsareconsistentlydevelopingnewproductsandservicestomeettheevolvingneedsoftheircustomersChangesinfinancialregulationscanleadtoinnovationsintheindustryasfirmadapttonewrulesandrequirementsChangesinconsumerbehavior,suchastheincreasinguseofmobilebankingandonlineinvestment,aredrivingchangesinfinancialservicesNewproductsandservicesRegulatorychangesConsumerbehaviorFinancialInnovationandChangeCreditriskThisreferstotheriskthataborrowerwilldefaultonaloan,causingthelendertolosemoneyOperationalriskThisencompassestherisksassociatedwiththedaytodayoperationsofafinancialinstitution,suchasfraud,systemfailures,andhumanerrorsComplianceriskThisreferstotheriskthatafinancialinstitutionmayresolvelawsorregulations,leadingtofines,penalties,orrecurrentdamageMarketriskThisistheriskthatthevalueofinvestmentswilldecreaseduetochangesinmarketconditionsRiskmanagementoffinancialproductsandservices03FinancialinstitutionsandregulationsCommercialbanksProvidearangeofbankingservicestoindividualsandbusinesses,includingdeposits,loans,andinvestmentproductsInvestmentbanksAssistinraisingcapitalandfacilitatingtradesandacquisitions,aswellasprovidingadviceoncorporatefinanceandsecuritiestradingInsurancecompaniesOfferriskprotectiontoindividualsandbusinessesthroughavarietyofinsuranceproducts,suchaslife,health,property,andcaseinsurancePensionfundsManageandinvestfundstoprovideretentionincomeforemployeesTypesandresponsibilitiesoffinancialinstitutionsVSEnsurethestabilityofthefinancialsystem,protectconsumers,andpromotecompetitionandinnovationinthefinancialsectorPrinciplesTransparency,accountability,andfairnessinfinancialtransactions;Preventionoffraudandmarketmanipulation;AndpromotionofresponsibleriskmanagementObjectivesFinancialregulatoryobjectivesandprinciplesCentralbanksResponsibleformonetarypolicyandoverviewofthepaymentsystem,aswellassupervisionofcentralfinancialinstitutionsSecuritiesandexchangecommissionsRegularsecuritiesmarkets,includingstockexchangesandbrokerdealers,andenforcesecuritieslawsBankingregulatoryagenciesSupervisionandregulatorybanksandotherdeposittakinginstitutionstoensuretheirsafetyandsoundnessInsuranceregulatoryagenciesOverseetheinsuranceindustrytoprotectpolicyholdersandensurethesolvencyofinsurancecompaniesFinancialregulatoryauthoritiesandtheirresponsibilitiesIdentification,assessment,monitoring,andcontrolofrisksfacedbyfinancialinstitutions,includingcreditrisk,marketrisk,operationalrisk,andliquidityriskRiskmanagementSystemsandprocessesimplementedbyfinancialinstitutionstoensuretheintegrityandreliabilityoffinancialinformation,safeguardedassets,andpromoteeffectivenessandeffectiveoperationsThisincludesinternalaudits,compliancefunctions,andriskmanagementframeworksInternalcontrolRiskManagementandInternalControlofFinancialInstitutions04CrossborderfinanceandinternationalcooperationGlobalizationoffinancialmarketsFinancialinstitutionsandinvestorsareincreasinglyoperatingacrossborders,seekingnewopportunitiesanddiversifyingtheirportfoliosTechnicaladvancementsTheriskofdigitaltechnologiessuchasblockchainandartisticintelligencehasfacilitatedcrossbordertransactionsandmadethemmoreeffectiveRegulatorychallengesDifferencesregulatoryframeworksacrosscountriesposechallengestocrossborderfinancialbusiness,requiringinstitutionstonavigatecomplexlegalandcompliancelandscapesCurrentDevelopmentStatusofCrossBorderFinancialBusinessBilateralandmultilateralagreementsCountriesengageinfinancialcooperationthroughbilateralandmultilateralagreements,facilitatingtrade,investment,andcapitalflowsDevelopmentfinanceInternationalfinancialinstitutionssuchastheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFundprovideloansandgrantstosupporteconomicdevelopmentindevelopingcountriesRegulatoryharmonizationInternationalbodiessuchastheBaselCommitteeonBankingSupervisionworktostandardizeregulatorystandardsacrosscountries,promotingfinancialstabilityandreducingsystemicrisksFormsandcontentsofinternationalfinancialcooperationCreditrisk01AssessingcreditworthinessbenefitsmorecomplexincrossbordertransactionsduetodifferentiationlegalandaccountingstandardsCurrencyrisk02StatementsinexchangeratescansignificantlyimpactthevalueofcrossborderinvestmentsandtransactionsOperationalrisk03Managingoperationsacrossmultiplejudgmentsincreasestheriskoffraud,corruption,andotheroperationalhazardsCrossborderFinancialRiskManagementandChallenges要點三IncreasedfocusontransparencyRegulatorybodiesaredemandinghigherlevelsoftransparencyfromfinancialinstitutions,specificallywithregulationstocrossborderactivities0102ConsolidationofsupervisionThereisatrendtowardsconsolidatingsupervisoryfunctionswithinasingleregulatorybodytoimproveefficiencyandreduceregulatoryfeesEmphasisonconsumerprotectionRegulatorycooperationisincreasinglyfocusedonensuringthatconsumersareprotectedfrompreliminarypracticesandhaveaccesstofairandtransparentfinancialproductsandservices03InternationalFinancialRegulatoryCoop