北京市西城區(qū)2021—2022學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末試卷高三英語(yǔ)本試卷共13頁(yè)，共100分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Therearealotofhomelesspeopleintheworld.But___1___therearealsoalotofgivingpeoplewhoarewillingtohelpout.Oneladyinparticular,KarineGombeaufromParis,France,isoneofthesepeople.Gombeau,42yearsold,wasonvacationwithherhusbandandtheir15-year-oldsoninNewYork.TheywerenearGrandCentralStationinManhattanwhenshe___2___ahomelessman,wearingaskicap,digging___3___thegarbage.Whatwashedoing?Hewaslookingforhisnext___4___.Beingthekind-heartedpersonsheis,shedecidedtohelpthismanout.Shehadjustfinishedeatingpizzawithherfamilyandhadsomeextra,soshechosetogiveittotheman.Sheeven___5___forthepizzabeingcold.Shewentonwithherlifethinkingthat___6___wasoutoftheordinaryuntilacoupleofdayslater,atherhotel,aladycamerunninguptoherwithanewspaper.Gombeauwasvery___7___toseeherpictureinitalongwithastory.Shesuddenly___8___thatthehomelessmanshehadgiventhepizzatowasactuallyafamousactor.Oddlyenough,hewasfilmingamovieinGrandCentralStationwhenshe___9___gotinvolved.However,theactordidn’tevenbreakcharacter,saying“thankyou”whenGombeaugavehimthepizza.Thatwaswhyshethoughthewasahomelessperson!Gombeausaidthather___10___togivethepoormanthepizzawasbecauseshewassadtoseesomanyhomelesspeoplelivingonthestreetsofNewYork.1.A.normally B.luckily C.naturally D.gradually2.A.stopped B.recognized C.remembered D.spotted3.A.through B.for C.around D.over4.A.cap B.bottle C.meal D.newspaper5.A.answered B.complained C.joked D.apologized6.A.something B.nothing C.anything D.everything7.A.surprised B.delighted C.satisfied D.disappointed8.A.admitted B.claimed C.explained D.realized9.A.mysteriously B.secretly C.mistakenly D.proudly10.A.courage B.decision C.opportunity D.promise【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.C10.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一位女士幫助了一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人，不料最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)方實(shí)際上是正在拍攝電影的著名演員。【1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但幸運(yùn)的是，也有很多樂(lè)于幫助的人。A.normally通常；B.luckily幸運(yùn)地；C.naturally自然地；D.gradually逐漸地。根據(jù)下文“therearealsoalotofgivingpeoplewhoarewillingtohelpout.”可知，幸運(yùn)的是，也有很多樂(lè)于幫助的人。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她看到一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人戴著滑雪帽在翻垃圾時(shí)，他們正在曼哈頓的格蘭德中央車(chē)站附近。A.stopped停止；B.recognized認(rèn)出；C.remembered記住；D.spotted看到。根據(jù)下文“ahomelessman,wearingaskicap,digging___3___thegarbage.”可知，此處表示她看到一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人。故選D項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她看到一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人戴著滑雪帽在翻垃圾時(shí)，他們正在曼哈頓的格蘭德中央車(chē)站附近。A.through從一端到另一端；B.for為了；C.around圍繞；D.over在……上面。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人在翻垃圾，digthroughthegarbage表示“翻垃圾”。故選A項(xiàng)。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他正在尋找他的下一頓飯。A.cap帽子；B.bottle瓶子；C.meal一餐，一頓飯；D.newspaper報(bào)紙。根據(jù)上文“ahomelessman,wearingaskicap,digging___3___thegarbage”以及常識(shí)可知，這個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人在翻垃圾，尋找下一頓飯。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她甚至為比薩餅涼了道歉。A.answered回答；B.complained抱怨；C.joked開(kāi)玩笑；D.apologized道歉。根據(jù)下文“forthepizzabeingcold”可知，她因?yàn)榕_涼了向那個(gè)無(wú)家可歸男人道歉。故選D項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：她繼續(xù)她的生活，認(rèn)為沒(méi)有什么是不尋常的，直到幾天后，在她的酒店里，一位女士拿著一份報(bào)紙向她跑來(lái)。A.something某些東西；B.nothing沒(méi)有什么；C.anything任何東西；D.everything每件事。根據(jù)下文“Gombeauwasvery___7___toseeherpictureinitalongwithastory.”可知，貢博看到報(bào)紙上有她的照片和故事時(shí)很驚訝，所以此處表示她認(rèn)為沒(méi)有什么是不同尋常的。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：貢博很驚訝地看到里面有她的照片和一個(gè)故事。A.surprised驚訝的；B.delighted高興的；C.satisfied滿意的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)上文“Shewentonwithherlifethinkingthat___6___wasoutoftheordinary”可知，貢博繼續(xù)她的生活，認(rèn)為沒(méi)有什么是不尋常的，所以此處表示看到照片和故事時(shí)，她很驚訝。故選A項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她突然意識(shí)到，她給予比薩餅的那個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的人實(shí)際上是一位著名的演員。A.admitted承認(rèn)；B.claimed主張；C.explained解釋?zhuān)籇.realized意識(shí)到。根據(jù)下文“thatthehomelessmanshehadgiventhepizzatowasactuallyafamousactor”可知，此時(shí)貢博才意識(shí)到那個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人實(shí)際上是一位著名的演員。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：奇怪的是，他正在大中央車(chē)站拍電影時(shí)，突然她錯(cuò)誤地參與進(jìn)去了。A.mysteriously神秘地；B.secretly秘密地；C.mistakenly錯(cuò)誤地；D.proudly驕傲地。根據(jù)上文“hewasfilmingamovieinGrandCentralStation”可知，這位男士正在拍電影，貢博以為他真的是無(wú)家可歸的人，送了披薩給他，錯(cuò)誤地參與了電影拍攝。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：貢博說(shuō)，她之所以決定給這個(gè)可憐的人比薩，是因?yàn)榭吹竭@么多無(wú)家可歸的人生活在紐約街頭，她感到很難過(guò)。A.courage勇氣；B.decision決定；C.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；D.promise諾言。根據(jù)上文“Shehadjustfinishedeatingpizzawithherfamilyandhadsomeextra,soshechosetogiveittotheman.”可知，貢博選擇送披薩給這個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的人，這是她自己做出的決定。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Tanniwasborn___11___anillness,whichmadeherunabletomovehermusclesnormally.Tanniwasinterestedinsports,butwhenshe___12___(grow)upshedidn’tseemanydisabledathletesontelevision.Thenseveralyearslater,whilewatchingtheLondonwheelchairmarathon,shesawanathletesheknew.Shedreamedthatshewouldbeonthestartingline,___13___(compete)inthemarathontoo.Finallyherdreamcametrue.Shewasnotonlyonthestartingline,butalsothewinneratthefinishline.Tannibelievesyou’llneverknowwhatyoucando___14___youtry.【答案】11.with12.wasgrowing13.competing14.unless【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了因病不能正常活動(dòng)肌肉的坦尼，對(duì)體育很感興趣，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了夢(mèng)想，參加了馬拉松比賽。【11題詳解】考查介詞。句意：坦尼生來(lái)就患有疾病，這使她無(wú)法正常活動(dòng)肌肉。根據(jù)句意，空處應(yīng)填介詞with，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)bebornwith表示“與生俱來(lái)，生而具有”，符合題意。故填with。【12題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：坦尼對(duì)體育很感興趣，但在她成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中，她在電視上看不到很多殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，此處表示“在坦尼成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中”，表示過(guò)去在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)she是第三人稱單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。故填wasgrowing。【13題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她夢(mèng)想自己能站在起跑線上，參加馬拉松比賽。分析句子，空處作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，compete與邏輯主語(yǔ)she之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填competing。【14題詳解】考查連詞。句意：坦尼相信，除非你嘗試，否則你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道自己能做什么。分析句子，空處引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“除非”，應(yīng)用連詞unless。故填unless。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Whentravellingabroadweareexpectedtorespectthesocialcustomsoftheplaceswevisit.Inconservativecountries,forexample,wearingappropriateclothesisawayofshowingweare___15___(respect)andopen-minded.Evenifwearebehindthewallsofahoteltheentiretime,thestaffarelocals,andshould___16___(treat)accordingly.Rememberweareguestsintheirhome,andwhilewe___17___(visit)foreignlandsmanytimeswiththisinmind,westillfallshortoccasionally.【答案】15.respectful16.betreated17.havevisited【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是在國(guó)外旅行時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該尊重我們所訪問(wèn)的地方的社會(huì)習(xí)俗。【15題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：例如，在保守的國(guó)家，穿著合適的衣服是一種顯示我們尊重和開(kāi)放的方式。空格處用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，句子表示“穿著合適的衣服是一種顯示我們尊重和開(kāi)放的方式”，空格處意為“尊敬的”，即respectful，故填respectful。【16題詳解】考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：即使我們一直躲在酒店的墻后面，員工也是本地人，應(yīng)該得到相應(yīng)的待遇。主語(yǔ)thestaff和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞treat是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，員工是被相應(yīng)地對(duì)待，should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)shouldbedone，因此空格處是betreated，故填betreated。【17題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：記住，我們是他們國(guó)家的客人，雖然我們多次懷著這一想法訪問(wèn)外國(guó)，但我們?nèi)匀慌紶枙?huì)有所欠缺。由“manytimes”可知，句子表示“我們已經(jīng)多次訪問(wèn)外國(guó)”，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)we是復(fù)數(shù)，因此空格處是havevisited，故填havevisited。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Intheearlydaysofspacetravel,scientistssentanimalsintospacetolearnabouttheconditionshumansmightface.Bystudyinganimals,theywereabletounderstand___18___itwasliketolivewithoutEarth’sgravityandatmosphere.Theanimalswereusedtotestspecially___19___(design)equipmentthatwouldlaterbeusedforhumanspaceflight.Animals___20___survivedaspaceflightprovidedinformationabouthowweightlessnesswouldaffecthumans,whatspaceshipdesignswouldbethesafest,andhowwellaspacesuitwouldwork.【答案】18.what19.designed20.that##which【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了動(dòng)物對(duì)于太空研究的作用。【18題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：通過(guò)研究動(dòng)物，他們能夠理解沒(méi)有地球引力和大氣層的生活是什么樣的。分析句子，空處引導(dǎo)從句作動(dòng)詞understand的賓語(yǔ)，從句中缺少介詞like的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，指代“他們能夠理解的事情”。故填what。【19題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這些動(dòng)物被用來(lái)測(cè)試專(zhuān)門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)備，這些設(shè)備之后將用于人類(lèi)太空飛行。分析句子，空處作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞equipment，design與邏輯主語(yǔ)equipment之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填designed。【20題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在太空飛行中幸存下來(lái)的動(dòng)物提供了有關(guān)失重將如何影響人類(lèi)、什么樣的太空船設(shè)計(jì)最安全以及宇航服能起多大作用等信息。分析句子，空處引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Animals，先行詞指物，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用that/which引導(dǎo)。故填that或which。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A“No,”MamaLilsaiditplainandsimple.“Iain’tneverheardofnogirlstobedoingthat.Bebe,youneedtobegettingyourselfarealsummerjob,somethingcivilized.”I’dbeenlivingwithMamaLilsinceIwassix,whenmyownmamaanddaddywerekilledinanapartmentbuildingfire.LillianJohnswasmymom’smother.EverybodyonourstreetcalledherMamaLilandthatwaswhatIcalledhertoo.IhadbeenbuttingheadswithhereversinceIcouldremember.AndtheolderIgot,themoreatoddswewereandthemoreconflictsweexperienced.ForweeksI’dbeenaskingMamaLiltoletmejointheyouthrenovation(修繕)team.ItwasagroupofkidswhohadbeenchosenbycityofficialstoworkwithengineerstohelprepairtheBrooklynBridge.Theprojectwouldlastthesummerandpaygoodmoney.Itwouldhelpmegettocollege,whereIwantedtostudyengineering.ButforMamaLil,thethingthatmadeherthemoststubbornthistime,wasexactlymydreamofbecominganengineer.Insomerespects,MamaLilwasright.Itwastruethatthereweren’tmanyblackwomenengineers.ButIwantedtobuildbridgesmorethananything.“Letmego,MamaLil,”Ibeggedsoftly.MamaLilsatasstillasastatue.“MamaLil,”Isaidcarefully,“ifyoudon’tsignthebridgeprojectpermissionform,Iwillsignitmyself.Nobodywillknowthedifference.”Thenextmorning,MamaLil’seyeslookedred-tired.“I’mgoingtothebridge,”Isaidfirmly.“Iknow,Bebe,”shesaid.Fromherhousedresspocket,shetookoutapenandsignedtheform.“Bebe,thatbridgeisluckytohaveyou,”shesaid.IhuggedMamaLilgoodandhard,smilingbig,rightather.…Ahead,inthedistance,stoodtheBrooklynBridge.Thiswasthebestspottoseethebridge.I’dcometothiscornerandstudiedthebridgeamilliontimes.Andoneveryoneofthosetimes,IwastakenwithwhatI’dcometocallBrooklynBelle.Atnight,Bellewasdressedintinylight.Onacloudlessnightlikethisone,shewasasightlikenootherinthewholecity.Jeweledinlight.Beautiful.IhaddrawnBelleinthehigh-noonlight,atsunset,onsnowydays,andonfoggytwilightmornings...Iwasproudofmydrawings,butwitheachpagetheyshowedasadtruthaboutBelle:Sheneededrepair.Thatbridgerenovationprojectneededme;andIneededit,inmorewaysthanIcouldcount.21.MamaLilrefusedtosignthepermissionformmainlybecause______.A.shehadbecomestubborninheroldageB.shewouldn’tallowBebetohaveasummerjobC.shethoughtthebridgeprojectwastoodangerousD.shedidn’tsupportBebe’sdesiretobeanengineer22.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Bebelostherparentsinthebridgeproject.B.Bebelikedtodrawthebridgeonwintermornings.C.BebeandMamaLiloftengotintoargumentswitheachother.D.BebecalledhergrandmaMamaLilbecauseshewashermom’smother.23.Bymentioningthename“BrooklynBelle”，theauthorintendstohelpreaders______.A.recallthehistoryofthebridgeBappreciatethebridge’sbeautyC.ignorethedamagetothebridgeD.imaginethebridge’sfuturelook24.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethethemeofthisstory?A.Dreamsknownocolororgender.B.Eldersalwaysmakethebestdecisions.C.Conflictusuallyresolvesitselfintheend.D.Pridewinsoutbutmakesthingsmoredifficult.【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者想要參加修復(fù)布魯克林大橋的項(xiàng)目，作者的外婆不允許作者當(dāng)工程師，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)黑人女性工程師并不多，但是最后她的外婆終于同意了。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“ButforMamaLil,thethingthatmadeherthemoststubbornthistime,wasexactlymydreamofbecominganengineer.”（但對(duì)MamaLil來(lái)說(shuō)，這次讓她最固執(zhí)的事情，恰恰是我想成為一名工程師的夢(mèng)想。）可知，MamaLil拒絕在這份同意書(shū)上簽字，主要是因?yàn)樗恢С諦ebe想成為一名工程師的愿望，故選D。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“IhadbeenbuttingheadswithhereversinceIcouldremember.AndtheolderIgot,themoreatoddswewereandthemoreconflictsweexperienced.”（從記事起，我就一直與她作對(duì)。隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們之間的矛盾越來(lái)越多，我們經(jīng)歷的沖突也越來(lái)越多。）可知，Bebe和MamaLil經(jīng)常吵架。故選C。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Andoneveryoneofthosetimes,IwastakenwithwhatI’dcometocallBrooklynBelle.”（每一次，我都被我稱之為BrooklynBelle的東西迷住了。）和倒數(shù)第二段的“Atnight,Bellewasdressedintinylight.Onacloudlessnightlikethisone,shewasasightlikenootherinthewholecity.Jeweledinlight.Beautiful.”（晚上，Belle穿著微弱的燈光。在這樣一個(gè)萬(wàn)里無(wú)云的夜晚，她的身影在整個(gè)城市里是絕無(wú)僅有的。飾有寶石的光。美麗。）可知，通過(guò)提到“BrooklynBelle”這個(gè)名字，作者想幫助讀者欣賞這座橋的美麗，故選B。【24題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第四段的“Itwastruethatthereweren’tmanyblackwomenengineers.ButIwantedtobuildbridgesmorethananything.”（的確，當(dāng)時(shí)黑人女性工程師并不多。但我最想做的是修建橋梁。）可知，本文主要講的是作者雖然是黑人，但是卻想當(dāng)工程師修建橋梁，因此本文的主題是“夢(mèng)不分膚色和性別”，即Dreamsknownocolororgender，故選A。BHello,everyone!WelcometoanotherepisodeofourshowTeaseYourBrain.Todaywewilltalkaboutbrandlanguage.WhenyouwalkintoStarbucks,theworld’sbiggestcoffeechain,youmayhearacustomerspeakingarapid-fireseriesofdescriptionswhenaskingforadrink—half-caf,black,andforthesizes—tall,grande,ventiandtrenta.Itisaspeciallanguage,sothismorningwehaveinvitedScott,theStarbucksRegionalManagertotalkaboutit.WelcomeScott!Firstofall,canyousaysomethingaboutStarbuckslanguage?Scott:Thanksforinvitingme.OK,sure.Ourcompanyinventedtheserulesinthebooklet,“MakeItYourDrink”.ItonlybelongstoStarbucks.Wehavealsotrainedourbaristas(咖啡師)toreplytocustomersusingStarbucksvocabulary.Thatissofascinating,Scott!IsStarbuckstheonlycompanythatusesbrandlanguage?Scott:No.Manycompaniesusethistechnique.WhenhungryCaliforniansorderamealatIn-N-Out,aburgerchain,theyneedtospecifytheproportionofcheeseslicestopatties:a“tripledouble”meanstwopattiessandwichedbetweenthreeslicesofcheese.Thankyousomuchforyourinsight,Scott.Thispastweek,TeaseYourBrainleftthestudiotoaskpeople’sopinionaboutbrandlanguage.Let’sfindoutwhattheysaid：Amarketingprofessor:InmybookTheLanguageofBranding,Imentionthatbrandlanguageisabrilliantwayofenhancingcustomerloyalty(忠誠(chéng)).Companiesthatpersuadepeopletousetheirowntermscreate“asenseofbelongingandimprovedloyaltytothebrand”.Italsoenablesemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.Asociologist:Peoplebecomepartofa“speechcommunity”whentheyusespecializedvocabulary,whichcreatesafeelingofsharedvalues.Everytimeacompanygetsaconsumertorefertoitsproductsusingabrandedtermratherthanageneraldescription—whoppers,say,ratherthanburgers—itisdrawingthemintoitsowncommunity.Insodoing,itmakesthemmorelikelytobuyitsproductsinthefuture.OK.Nowlet’slistentowhatacustomerinStarbuckssaid.Iheardyouorderyourcoffeewiththebrandlanguage,“no-whip”.So,whatdoyouthinkofthiskindoflanguage?Acustomer:Ithinkithelpstocreatea“tribe”thatmembersidentifywith.TakeCrossFit,afitnessfirmasanexample.Ithascomeupwithasetofextensivevocabulary—“wod”means“workoutoftheday”.Usingthiskindofdescription,IfeellikeIamintheCrossFitgroup.25.WhichofthefollowingbelongstoStarbuckslanguage?A.Tripledouble. B.Whopper. C.Wod. D.No-whip.26.Starbuckslanguagewasinventedto______.A.modelanewmarketingtoolB.giveitsbaristasasenseofbelongingC.getcustomerstoidentifywiththebrandD.provideaplatformforpeopletosharetheirvalues27.Whatisthepurposeoftheepisodeoftheshow?A.TofeatureStarbucks’popularproducts.B.Toexplorethefunctionofbrandlanguage.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofbrandinfluence.D.Toadvisemorecompaniestocreatespecialterms.【答案】25.D26.C27.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章以星巴克語(yǔ)言為例，說(shuō)明了品牌語(yǔ)言的功能。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Iheardyouorderyourcoffeewiththebrandlanguage,“no-whip”.(我聽(tīng)到你點(diǎn)咖啡用的是品牌語(yǔ)言“不加鮮奶油”)”可知，no-whip屬于星巴克語(yǔ)言。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第五段“Imentionthatbrandlanguageisabrilliantwayofenhancingcustomerloyalty(忠誠(chéng)).Companiesthatpersuadepeopletousetheirowntermscreate“asenseofbelongingandimprovedloyaltytothebrand”.(我提到品牌語(yǔ)言是提高客戶忠誠(chéng)度的一種極好的方式。說(shuō)服人們使用自己的術(shù)語(yǔ)的公司創(chuàng)造了“歸屬感，提高了對(duì)品牌的忠誠(chéng)度”)”可知，品牌語(yǔ)言是提高客戶的忠誠(chéng)度的好的方式，使用術(shù)語(yǔ)可以創(chuàng)造歸屬感，推測(cè)星巴克語(yǔ)言被創(chuàng)造是為了使客戶認(rèn)同品牌。故選C項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Todaywewilltalkaboutbrandlanguage.(今天我們將討論品牌語(yǔ)言)”可知，節(jié)目?jī)?nèi)容是為了探討品牌語(yǔ)言的功能。故選B項(xiàng)。CNoonehaseverseenateenageelephanthesitantlysitdownatthefamilydinnertablewithearphonesonandoccasionallygiveone-wordanswerstoquestions.However,itturnsoutthatadolescentelephants(elephantswhicharenolongerchildrenbutnotyetadults)exhibitotherbehaviorsthatparentsofhumanteensmightrecognize.“They’reinnocent.Theyhavealottolearnandtheymakemistakes,”CynthiaMoss,anelephantexpertinKenyasaid.Thisisparticularlytrueformaleelephants.Theylearnthatiftheyruincrops,theygetbeatenupandthendie.“It’sjustlikeyounghumanmaleswhodrivetoofast,”Mosssaid.BarbaraNatterson,aHarvardbiologistpointedoutthatadolescentanimalsfrequentlyputthemselvesindangerintentionally.Thisbehaviorisseenthroughouttheanimalworld.Theadultsofanyspeciesmayconsidersomeactionsoftheiryounglow-judgmentandhigh-risk;however,theseactionsactuallyserveapurpose.Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator(捕食者)inspection”whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults.Theideathatadolescentsarehard-wiredtotaketheseriskscanhelppeopleunderstandhumanteens’behavior.“Teensseemdriventotrynewthingsandtestboundariesintheirownversionof‘predatorinspection’,”Nattersonsaid.“Theytrytohaveasmanyexperiencesastheycanbeforetheyleavethenest.”Anotherkeyaspectofadolescenceisanincreaseintimespentwanderingingroups.Adolescenceismarkedbyhighlevelsofpeerpressureaswellasnear-disaster.Scientistshavefoundthatadolescentsofallkindsaremorelikelytomakedangerousmoveswhilewithpeers.LaurenceSteinberg,apsychologyprofessoratTempleUniversity,foundsimilaritiesbetweenmiceandhumangroupadolescentbehavior.Hesetuptwoexperiments.Oneinvolvedmice,halfofwhichwereadolescents,drinkingethanol-.spiked(添加乙醇的)water.Theotherinvolvedhumanteensplayingavideogamethatreproduceddrivingconditions.“Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey’realone,”Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound.”ThesefindingsfitwithwhatSteinbergsaysisanothermulti-speciesadolescentquality:thedesiretosocialize.“Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,”Steinbergsaid.“IfIsayteenagersaresocialanimals,Ithinktheword‘a(chǎn)nimal’isjustasimportantinthatsentenceastheword‘social’.”Whiledoingtheirstudy,bothNattersonandSteinbergwereraisingahumanteenintheirhomes.Theirdesiretounderstandanimalswasdrivenbywantingtounderstandtheirownchildren.Theyhopetheirfindingswillhelppeoplewhoareraisingadolescents.28.AccordingtoNatterson,whatisariskybutvaluableactionforadolescentanimals?A.Watchingenemies’behaviorupclose.B.Observinganadulthuntingalargeanimal.C.Challengingpredatorswithotheradolescents.D.Gatheringinformationwiththehelpofparents.29.Steinberg’sexperimentsfound______.A.adolescentanimalsarelesslikelytogetdrunkwhilewithpeersB.teenagersarenotwillingtobesociableinthepresenceofpeersC.bothadolescentanimalsandhumanteensareaffectedbypeerpressureD.peerpressureismorecommoninadolescentanimalsthaninhumanteens30Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A.Adolescentanimalslongtosocializewithteenagers.B.Socializingwithpeersisonequalitythatadolescentsshare.C.“Social”isawordthatcanbeinterpretedindifferentways.D.Theimportanceofsocializinghasbeenrealizedbyteenagers.【答案】28.A29.C30.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明實(shí)驗(yàn)證明青少年動(dòng)物和青少年人類(lèi)類(lèi)似，會(huì)故意冒險(xiǎn)、受到同伴壓力的影響。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator(捕食者)inspection”whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults.”（一個(gè)例子是一種稱為“捕食者檢查”的做法，這意味著青少年動(dòng)物接近捕食者而不是逃跑。危險(xiǎn)的代價(jià)是它們可以觀察、嗅到和了解捕食者。它們收集各種各樣的信息，使它們成年后更安全。）可知，對(duì)于青少年動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，接近它們的敵人——捕食者，并觀察捕食者的行為是危險(xiǎn)但有價(jià)值的。故選A項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段““Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey’realone,”Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound.””（斯坦伯格說(shuō)：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在有同齡人在場(chǎng)的情況下，青少年老鼠比它們獨(dú)自一人時(shí)喝得更多，而且駕駛研究中的青少年在別人在場(chǎng)時(shí)也會(huì)冒更多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”）可知，青少年動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)會(huì)受到同伴壓力的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,”Steinbergsaid.”（斯坦伯格說(shuō)：“在大多數(shù)情況下，青少年，無(wú)論是人還是動(dòng)物，都喜歡和其他青少年在一起。”）可知，斯坦伯格認(rèn)為青少年的動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)都喜歡和其他青少年在一起，動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)是類(lèi)似的，都具有與同齡人交往的特征，劃線句子表示“與同齡人交往是青少年共有的一種特征。”故選B項(xiàng)。DConsiderthesefacts:ThetennischampionWilliamssistersareagenerationapart,accordingtothePewResearchCenter.Venus,bornin1980,islabelled“GenX”;Serena,bornin1981,isa“millennial”.Meanwhile,DonaldTrumpandMichelleObamabothbelongtothesamegeneration.Theformerwasbornin1946whilethelatterwasbornin1964,makingthemboth“babyboomers”.Beforeyoupushthesediversepersonalitiesintogenerationalstereotypes(刻板印象),letmestopyouthere:Justdon’t.Generationlabels,althoughwidelyadoptedbythepublic,havenobasisinsocialreality.Infact,inonerecentsurvey,mostpeopledidnotidentifythecorrectgenerationforthemselves,evenwhentheywereshownalistofoptions.Thisisnotsurprisingsincethelabelsareforcedbysurveyresearchers,journalistsormarketingfirmsbeforetheidentitiestheyaresupposedtodescribeevenexist.Insteadofaskingpeoplewhichgrouptheyidentifywithandwhy,theyjustdeclarethelabelsandstartmakingpronouncementsaboutthem.That’snothowsocialidentityworks.Thepracticeofnaming“generations”basedonbirthyeargoesbackatleasttothesupposed“l(fā)ost-generation”ofthelate19thcentury.Butasthetraditionslidintoanever-endingcompetitiontobethefirsttoproposethenextnamethatsticks,ithasproducedgraduallydecliningreturnstosocialscienceandthepublicunderstanding.Thesupposedboundariesbetweengenerationsarenomoremeaningfulthanthenamesthey’vebeengiven.Thereisnoresearchidentifyingtheappropriateboundariesbetweengenerations,andthereisnostatisticalbasisforrequiringthesweepingcharactertraits(特征)thatarebelievedtodefinethem.Inonearticleyoumightreadthatmillennialsare“l(fā)iberallions”,“downwardlymobile”,and“distrustful”;eventhoughtheyalso“getalongwellwiththeirparents,respecttheireldersandworkwellwithcolleagues”.Ridiculous,clearly.Butwhat’stheharm?Aren’ttheselabelsjustabitoffunforwriters?Amethodtoattractreadersandawayofcommunicatinggenerationalchange,whichnoonewoulddenyisarealphenomenon?We,inacademicsocialscience,studyandteachsocialchange,butwedon’tstudyandteachtheselabelsbecausetheysimplyaren’treal.Andinsocialscience,realitystillmatters.Worsethanirrelevant,suchbaselesslabelsdrivepeopletowardstereotypingandthoughtlesscharacterjudgment.Measuringanddescribingsocialchangeisessential,anditcanbeusefultoanalyzethehistoricalperiodinwhichpeoplewerebornandraised,butdrawingrandomlinesbetweenbirthyearsandassigningnamestothemdoesn’thelp.Todaytherearelotsofgoodalternativestolabelgenerations.Wecansimplydescribepeoplebythedecadeinwhichtheywerebornanddefinegenerationalgroupsspecificallyrelatedtoaparticularissue—suchas2020schoolkids.Withthearrivalof“GenerationZ”,therehasneverbeenabettertimetogetoffthistrain.31.WhatdothefactslistedinParagraph1imply?A.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutgenerationlabels.B.Peoplewiththesamegenerationlabelmaynotbeofsimilarage.C.Generationalchangecanbemeasuredbygenerationlabels.D.Generationlabelsarewidelyadoptedbycelebrities.32.Theunderlinedword“sticks”inParagraph4probablymeans______.A.isunderstood B.isanalyzed C.isdescribed D.isaccepted33.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______.A.thegenerationlabelisaharmlessdevicewritersusetoreflectrealityB.generationboundariesaremoremeaningfulthangenerationlabelsC.assigningcharactertraitstoacertaingenerationismisguidedD.journalistsshouldfindalternativewaystojudgecharacter34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Generationlabels:It’shightimetoretirethemB.Generationlabels:TheongoingdebatewillneverendC.Generationlabels:Whatdotheysayaboutwhoweare?D.Generationlabels:Expandorbridgegenerationaldifferences?【答案】31.B32.D33.C34.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了代際標(biāo)簽的制定，說(shuō)明代際標(biāo)簽具有不可靠性，給一代人貼標(biāo)簽，有很多好的替代選擇。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Meanwhile,DonaldTrumpandMichelleObamabothbelongtothesamegeneration.Theformerwasbornin1946whilethelatterwasbornin1964,makingthemboth“babyboomers”.”（同時(shí)，唐納德·特朗普和米歇爾·奧巴馬都屬于同一代人。前者出生于1946年，而后者出生于1964年，他們都屬于“嬰兒潮一代”。）可知，具有同一代標(biāo)簽的人可能年齡不同。故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Butasthetraditionslidintoanever-endingcompetitiontobethefirsttoproposethenextname”（但是，隨著這一傳統(tǒng)滑向一場(chǎng)無(wú)休止的要成為第一個(gè)提出下一個(gè)名字的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，）以及“ithasproducedgraduallydecliningreturnstosocialscienceandthepublicunderstanding.”（社會(huì)科學(xué)和公眾理解的回報(bào)率逐漸下降。）可知，句中thenextname指的是為下一代取的名字，即可以被接受的一個(gè)名字，推測(cè)劃線單詞表示“接受”，與isaccepted同義。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Beforeyoupushthesediversepersonalitiesintogenerationalstereotypes(刻板印象),letmestopyouthere:Justdon’t.”（在你將這些不同的性格推入代際刻板印象之前，讓我在這里阻止你：不要這樣做。）以及第六段“We,inacademicsocialscience,studyandteachsocialchange,butwedon’tstudyandteachtheselabelsbecausetheysimplyaren’treal.Andinsocialscience,realitystillmatters.”（在學(xué)術(shù)社會(huì)科學(xué)中，我們研究和教授社會(huì)變革，但我們不研究和教授這些標(biāo)簽，因?yàn)樗鼈兏静皇钦鎸?shí)的。在社會(huì)科學(xué)中，現(xiàn)實(shí)仍然很重要。）可知，作者不同意將不同的性格推入代際刻板印象，認(rèn)為代際標(biāo)簽是不真實(shí)的，可能同意將性格特征分配給某一代是錯(cuò)誤的。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章主要說(shuō)明了代際標(biāo)簽的制定以及一些代際標(biāo)簽制定的發(fā)展，說(shuō)明了代際標(biāo)簽具有不可靠性，給一代人貼標(biāo)簽，有很多好的替代選擇，所以“時(shí)代標(biāo)簽：是時(shí)候讓它們退役了”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sometimesinourlifewefacethisproblem:lovedonesaswellasstrangersannoyingus.Athome,we’vehadtoputupwithchildrenscreamingduringonlinemeetings,andfamilymembersonthecomputerallthetime.___35___Kindnessseemslikeadistantmemory.Theabilitytolivepeacefullywithannoyinghousematesorneighborsseemsmoredifficultthanever.___36___Ifwetakekindnessasaskill,makingitadailypractice,itwillcomeeasierovertime.___37___LovingKindnessMeditation(默想)(L