大學(xué)英語B(1)B(2)B(3)；大學(xué)英語4學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年Dictation:為某人提供獲取有價值信息的途徑增加基礎(chǔ)知識提供各種課外活動發(fā)展智力培養(yǎng)社交技能平衡緊張的學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂最有意義的體驗有一個充實的大學(xué)生活欣賞這個世界的美結(jié)成終身的友誼

答案:providesb.withaccesstovaluableinformation;addtoknowledgebase;increaseknowledgebase;offeravarietyofextracurricularactivities;provideavarietyofextracurricularactivities;offervariousextracurricularactivities;providevariousextracurricularactivities;developintellectualabilities;developsocialskills;balanceintensestudyandrecreation;themostrewardingexperience;themostrewardingexperiences;themostmeaningfulexperiences;haveafulfillingcollegelife;haveafullcollegelife;appreciatethebeautyoftheworld;(10)formlifelongfriendship/star3/750_1024/d3ad8a634dfde0b26c4ffab6251ff39a.png

答案:B;D;A;C/star3/750_1024/f9bff15132267aa9432f96a0ddbac064.png

答案:B;C/star3/750_1024/f188c26de00185decfdb48c4cc89e3f7.png

答案:A;C;C;DPassage1Asapersonwhowritesaboutfoodanddrinkforaliving.Icouldn'ttellyouthefirstthingaboutBillPerryorwhetherthebeershesellsarethatgreat.ButIcantellyouthatIlikethisguy.That'sbecauseheplanstobantippinginfavorofpayinghisserversanactuallivingwage.Ihatetipping.Ihateitbecauseit'sanobligationdisguisedasanoption.Ihateitforthepost-dinnermathitrequiresofme.Butmostly,IhatetippingbecauseIbelieveIwouldbeinabetterplaceifpaydecisionsregardingemployeesweresimplyleftuptotheiremployers,asisthecustominvirtuallyeveryotherindustry.Mostofyouprobablythinkthatyouhatetipping,too.Researchsuggestsotherwise.Youactuallylovetipping!Youliketofeelthatyouhaveavoiceinhowmuchmoneyyourservermakes.Nomatterhowthemathworksout,youpersistentlyviewrestaurantswithvoluntarytippingsystemsasbeingabettervalue,whichmakesitextremelydifficultforrestaurantsandbarstodoawaywiththetippingsystem.Oneargumentthatyoutendtohearalotfromthepro-tippingcrowdseemslogicalenough:theserviceisbetterwhenwaitersdependontips,presumablybecausetheyseeabenefittosuccessfullyveilingtheircontemptforyou.Well,ifthisweretrue,wewouldallbeslippingafew100-dollarbillstoourdoctorsonthewayouttheirdoors,too.Butasitturnsout,waitersseeonlyatinybumpintipswhentheydoanexceptionaljobcomparedtoapassableone.Waiters,keenobserversofhumanitythattheyare,arecatchingontothis;inonepoll,afull30%saidtheydidn'tbelievethejobtheydidhadanyimpactonthetipstheyreceived.Socomeon,folks:getonboardwithditchingtheoutdatedtipsystem.Payalittlemoreupfrontforyourbeerorburger.SupportBillPerry'spub,andanyotherbarorrestaurantthatdoesn'taskyoutododrunkenmath.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutBillPerryfromthepassage?A)Herunsapubthatservesexcellentbeer.B)Heintendstogetridofthetippingpractice.C)Hegiveshisstaffaconsiderablesumfortips.D)Helivescomfortablywithoutgettinganytips.2.Whatisthemainreasonwhytheauthorhatestipping?A)Itsetsabadexampleforotherindustries.B)Itaddstotheburdenofordinarycustomers.C)Itforcesthecustomertocompensatethewaiter.D)Itposesagreatchallengeforcustomerstodomath.3.Whydomanypeoplelovetippingaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyhelpimprovethequalityoftherestaurantstheydinein.B)Theybelievewaitersdeservesuchrewardsforgoodservice.C)Theywanttopreserveawonderfultraditionoftheindustry.D)Theycanhavesomesayinhowmuchtheirserversearn.4.Whathavesomewaiterscometorealizeaccordingtoasurvey?A)Servicequalityhaslittleeffectontipsize.B)Itisinhumanmaturetotrytosaveontips.C)Tipsmakeitmoredifficulttopleasecustomers.D)Tipsbenefitthebossratherthattheemployees.5.Whatdoestheauthorargueforinthepassage?A)Restaurantsshouldcalculatethetipsforcustomers.B)Customersshouldpaymoretipstohelpimproveservice.C)Waitersdeservebetterthanjustrelyingontipsforaliving.D)Waitersshouldbepaidbyemployersinsteadofcustomers.Passage2Inthepast,fallingoilpriceshavegivenaboosttotheworldeconomy,butrecentforecastsforglobalgrowthhavebeentoneddown,evenasoilpricessinklowerandlower.Doesthatmeanthelinkbetweenloweroilpricesandgrowthhasweakened?Someexpertssaytherearestillgoodreasonstobelievecheapoilshouldheatuptheworldeconomy.Consumershavemoremoneyintheirpocketswhenthey'repayinglessatthepump.Theyspendthatmoneyonotherthings,whichstimulatestheeconomy.ThebiggestgainsgotocountriesthatimportmostoftheiroillikeChina,Japan,andIndia,Butdoesn'ttheextramoneyinthepocketsofthosecountries'consumersmeananequallossinoilproducingcountries,cancellingoutthegains?Notnecessarily,sayseconomicresearcherSaraJohnson.“Manyoilproducersbuiltuphugereservefundswhenpriceswerehigh,sowhenpricesfalltheywilldrawontheirreservestosupportgovernmentspendingandsubsidies(補貼)fortheirconsumers.”Butnotalloilproducershavebigreserves,InVenezuela,collapsingoilpriceshavesentitseconomyintofree-fall.EconomistCarlWeinbergbelievesthenegativeeffectsofplungingoilpricesareoverwhelmingthepositiveeffectsofcheaperoil.Theimplicationisasharpdeclineinglobaltrade,whichhasplungedpartlybecauseoil-producingnationscan'taffordtoimportasmuchastheyusedto.SaraJohnsonacknowledgesthattheglobaleconomicbenefitfromafallinoilpricestodayislikelylowerthanitwasinthepast.Onereasonisthatmorecountriesarebigoilproducersnow,sothenationssufferingfromthepricedropaccountforalargershareoftheglobaleconomy.Consumers,intheU.S.atleast,areactingcautiouslywiththesavingsthey'regettingatthegaspump,asthememoryoftherecentgreatrecessionisstillfreshintheirmind.Andanumberofoil-producingcountriesaretrimmingtheirgasolinesubsidiesandraisingtaxes,sothenetsavingsforglobalconsumersisnotasbigastheoilpriceplungemightsuggest.6.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?AThereasonsbehindtheplungeofoilprices.BPossiblewaystostimulatetheglobaleconomy.CTheimpactofcheapoilonglobaleconomicgrowth.DTheeffectoffallingoilpricesonconsumerspending.7.Whydosomeexpertsbelievecheapoilwillstimulatetheglobaleconomy?AManufacturerscanproduceconsumergoodsatamuchlowercost.BLoweroilpriceshavealwaysgivenabigboosttotheglobaleconomy.COilpricesmayriseorfallbuteconomiclawsarenotsubjecttochange.DConsumerswillspendtheirsavingfromcheapoilonothercommodities.8.Whathappensinmanyoil-exportingcountrieswhenoilpricesgodown?A)Theysuspendimportofnecessitiesfromoverseas.B)Theyreduceproductiondrasticallytoboostoilprices.C)Theyusetheirmoneyreservestobackupconsumption.D)Theytrytostoptheireconomyfromgoingintofree-fall.9.HowdoesCarlWeinbergviewthecurrentoilpriceplunge?AItisonethathasseennoparallelineconomichistory.BItsnegativeeffectsmorethancanceloutitspositiveeffects.CItstillhasachancetogiverisetoaboomintheglobaleconomy.DItseffectsontheglobaleconomygoagainstexistingeconomiclaws.10.Whyhaven'tfallingoilpricesboostedtheglobaleconomyastheydidbefore?APeoplearenotspendingallthemoneytheysaveongas.BTheglobaleconomyislikelytoundergoanotherrecession.COilimportersaccountforalargerportionoftheglobaleconomy.DPeopletheworldoverareafraidofafurtherplungeinoilprices.

Passage3It’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.

Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.

Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.It'salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying"no."Womenwanttobeabletodoitallvolunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals-andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”

Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay"no"maybehurtingwomen'sheathaswellastheircareer.

Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon'twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimmediately,resultinginadisputeovershouldbetheonetofixit.Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthemmost,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveofwhat'stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem-evenifthatmeansdoingtheboringworkthemselves.

Thisdifferenceinhandlingconflictcouldbethedecidingfactoronwhogetspromotedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot.Leadershavetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswisely–includingstaffexpertise.Shoulderingmoreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,itmayhighlightyourinabilitytodelegateeffectively.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithwomen?

ATheyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoreach.

BTheyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanonthejob.

CTheytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldgo.

DTheytendtopushthemselvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirability.12.Whydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofenergy?

ATheystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandhome.

BTheyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaresult.

CTheydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirworkmates.

DTheyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyresponsibilities.13.Whatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerwomen?

ATheirunwillingnesstosay“no”.

BTheirdesiretobeconsideredpowerful.

CAnunderestimateoftheirownability.

DAlackofcouragetofacechallenges.

14.Menandwomandifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplaceconflictsinthat______.

Awomentendtobeeasilysatisfied

Bmenaregenerallymorepersuasive

Cmentendtoputtheirpersonalinterestsfirst

Dwomenaremuchmorereadytocompromise

15.Whatisimportanttoagoodleader?

AAdominantpersonality.

CThecouragetoadmitfailureBTheabilitytodelegate.

DAstrongsenseofresponsibility.Passage4Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effect.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.

Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.

Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.

16.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?

ATowhatextentitcantroublepeople.

BWhatroleithasplayedinevolution.CWhatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.

DInwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.

17.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?

AShefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.

BShefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.

CShegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins

DSheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.

18.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?

AShemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.

BSherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.

CShestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.

DShetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.

19.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?

ASheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.

BSherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.

CSheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.

DShecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.

20.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?

ATheytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.

BTheytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.

CTheyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.

DTheydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.

答案:B;C;D;A;D;C;D;C;B;(10)A;(11)D;(12)A;(13)A;(14)C;(15)B;(16)D;(17)C;(18)A;(19)C;(20)BWRITING:YouarerequiredtowriteacompositionaboutChallengesofCampusLifeaccordingtothefollowinginformationgiveninChinese.Remember